Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome due to compression of the median nerve at the wrist. Division of the transverse carpal ligament for median nerve compression in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome is a common and successful procedure. A variety procedures exist to release the transverse carpal ligament the classic open release, limmited open or percutaneous release, and endoscopic release. From February 1994 to January 1996, 39 carpal tunnel releases were performed by percutaneous method in 30 patients (3 males and 27 females) at the Chonnam University Hospital. The patients age ranged from 42 to 67 years (average 54.8 years). The duration of the symptoms ranged from 3 months to 10 years. According to Brown's outcome analysis, results were as follows. 1. Persistent pain and paresthesia were noted in only 3 cases (7.7%) at 24 week postoperatively. 2. Two-Point discrimination on the index finger was improved significantly at 12 week postoperatively (p<0.05). In electromyographic study, conduction delay of motor and sensory fibers was diminished significantly at 4 week postoperatively (p<0.05). 3. Functional outcomes (grip strength, pinch strength, scar tenderness and return to work) were showed good and excellent result. We concluded that percutaneous decompression is one of the less morbid method for decompressing the carpal canal and relief of symptoms for the patient.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Cicatrix ; Decompression* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Fingers ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Ligaments ; Male ; Median Nerve ; Paresthesia ; Peripheral Nerves ; Pinch Strength ; Wrist

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship among calling, nurse’s image, satisfaction in major, self-efficacy and nursing professionalism and to identify the predictors of nursing professionalism among nursing students. Methods: The research design for this study was a descriptive survey using convenience sampling. Data collection was done using online questionnaires completed by 358 nursing students in G city. The data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression with the SPSS Win 25.0 Program. Results: The mean score of nursing professionalism was 3.56±0.55 out of a possible 5. Nursing professionalism showed a significantly positive correlation with calling (r=.51, p<.001), nurse’s image (r=.53, p<.001), satisfaction in major (r=.65, p<.001) and self-efficacy (r=.20, p<.001). In the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, satisfaction in major (β=.44, p<.001), nurse’s image (β=.26, p<.001), calling (β=.21, p<.001), self-efficacy (β=.14, p=.002) and servable occupation (β=.15, p=.020) were significant predictors and explained 51% of nursing professionalism. Conclusions The results of the study show factors that influence nursing professionalism in nursing students. Based on the results of the study, nursing professionalism education programs need to include factors that improve calling, nursing image, satisfaction in major and self-efficacy.

No abstract available.
Infection Control*

Urinary cytology has become an essential element in the diagnosis and management of transitional cell carcinoma(TCC) of the urinary tract. It has the advantage of being noninvasive, inexpensive, and easily accessible. Besides that it can even detect malignancy when unsuspected at cystoscopy. We report a retrospective review of urine cytology in the diagnosis of 83 TCC cases that underwent 295 cytologic evaluation. All patients had biopsy-proven TCC of the bladder, ureter and renal pelvis. The overall inci- dence of the positive cytology cases was 66.2%. To define the cytologic features of tumor cells, we tried to use three cytologic gradings such as "grade 1", "grade 2", and "grade 3" according to the cytologic degree of anaplastic neoplastic cells. These cytologic gades of TCC were relatively well correlated with the histologic grade and tumor invasiveness. This result suggests that the recognition of characteristic cellular features of TCC can suspect the histologic grade and tumor stage. The false negative TCC cases were 78.9%. They showed severe inflammatory or bloody background and a few neoplastic cells. Therefore, a cautious approach for accurate interpretation, personal experience, and proper fixation and processing could expand the role of urinary cytology.
Cystoscopy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Kidney Pelvis ; Nocturnal Enuresis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Thyroid Gland ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract

Malignant acanthosis nigricans is very rare disease. The disease is related with internal malignancy, especially gastrointestinal tract malignancy. Reported occurrence rate of malignant acanthosis nigricans associated internal malignancies are 64% of stomach adenocarcinoma, 27% of other organs of abdomen (liver, gall bladder, small intestine, rectum, uterus, ovary), 9% of non-abdominal organs(breast, lung). We report a case of malignant acanthosis nigricans associated with stomach adenocarcinoma from 20-year-old female and discuss review of literature on a acanthosis nigricans briefly.
Female ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between job stress and turnover intention and the mediating effect of job embeddedness on the relationship among hospital nurses in rural areas. Methods: This is a descriptive study. A total of 277 registered nurses were enrolled in the study from three hospitals in rural areas of South Korea from April 29 to May 10, 2019. The participants completed self-reporting questionnaires, which measured job stress, turnover intention, and job embeddedness, and collected demographic information. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0, for multiple regression, and a simple mediation model applying the Hayes PROCESS macro with a 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval (5,000 bootstrap resampling). Results: Job stress had a direct effect (c’=0.35, p<.001) on turnover intention. It was also demonstrated that job embeddedness partially mediated the relationship between job stress and turnover intention among the hospital nurses (a ․ b=-0.40 × -0.58=0.23, 95% Boot C). Conclusion The job stress and turnover intention of nurses in rural areas are not higher than those in large cities. Nevertheless, hospital administrators need to provide a nursing workforce policy to increase job embeddedness and reduce nurses’ turnover intention.

PURPOSE: IgE was identified by Ishizaka as an antibody that is reacted at Type I hypersensitivity reaction, and has been used in the diagnosis of allergic disease and the differential diagnosis of extrinsic and intrinsic asthma. But there was some confusing in the diagnosis because of the broad range of measured serum IgE. Recently it was reported that serum IgE should be standardized for area and age to give the diagnostic reliability. METHODS: We measured serum IgE in 512 Korean children admitted at Ewha Woman University Mokdong Hospital between March 1991 and March 1994 and studied the relationship between asthma and serum IgE standardized for age in Korean children. RESULTS: 1) The geometric mean of serum IgE in non - allergic children and asthma were increased gradually according to age. The ranges of measured IgE in each group were overlapped in some part. 2) Log IgE increased by age similarly in asthma and non - allergic children, but was higher in asthma children than non - allergic children. Z scores of log IgE in asthma children increased by age, but those in non - allergic children was not changed by age. 3) Log IgE in male was not significantly different to that of female (p>0.05). 4) Incidence of asthma increased by increasing of Z score of log IgE standardized for age(p<0.05). 5) The normal range of serum IgE standardized for age was presented. Asthma was absent in children below the lowest normal IgE level (log IgE-1.5SD). CONCLUSIONS: Serum IgE if standardized by age, would be much valuable for the diagnosis of asthma in children.
Asthma* ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; Immunoglobulin E* ; Incidence ; Male ; Reference Values

Neonatal liver abscesses are rare, carry a high mortality rate, and are difficult to diagnose. The diagnosis of liver abscesses in the neonate cannot be established from the clinical presentation alone. Risk factors for liver abscesses in neonates are maternal infection, sepsis, umbilical venous catheterization, omphalitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis. In this report, we describe a preterm infant (32 weeks, 1,580 g) who presented with abdominal distension, respiratory difficulties, and a persistent inflammatory response in spite of broad spectrum antibiotic treatment; a large (6x5 cm) solitary pyogenic liver abscess was identified at 9 days of age. It appeared that the liver abscess had originated in the uterus and umbilical venous catheterization facilitated its spread. Percutaneous drainage under abdominal ultrasound guidance was performed and prolonged antibiotics were treated for 5 weeks, effecting a cure.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Drainage ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Liver ; Liver Abscess ; Liver Abscess, Pyogenic ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis ; Uterus

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Combined measurement of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (pANCA) and anti-Saccharomyces cereviseae mannan antibodies (ASCA) has recently been suggested as a valuable diagnostic approach to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the pediatric age group. The aim of this study was to test the accuracy of the assay using pANCA and ASCA in diagnosing pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS: Sera were collected from 25 patients with IBD (17 with CD, 8 with UC) and 32 healthy controls. The levels of pANCA and ASCA were determined by using a standard indirect immunofluorescence technique on ethanol-fixed granulocytes and an ELISA assay, respectively. RESULTS: In patients with UC, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of the pANCA test were 38%, 88%, and 60%, respectively. Such values were not changed significantly in the case of positive pANCA and negative ASCA. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of ASCA test in diagnosing CD were 71%, 88%, and 92%, respectively. The combination of pANCA negative and ASCA positive was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: ASCA and pANCA assays are highly disease specific for CD and UC, respectively. These serological tests can assist clinicians in diagnosing and categorizing patients with IBD and may be useful in making therapeutic decisions.
Adolescent ; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic/*analysis ; Antibodies, Fungal/*analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Colitis, Ulcerative/*diagnosis ; Crohn Disease/*diagnosis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Male ; Mannans/immunology ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*immunology ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Carcinogenic agents might convert normal cells into cancer cells by inducing higher levels of normal c-oncogene products or by inducing structurally aberrant gene products. Although the evidence for a causal relation between oncogenes and cancer is only circumstantial, the expression of cellular oncogenes may be of particular interest, since they are differentially expressed in a highly restricted manner. Therefore, we have examined the expression of the cellular oncogenes in order to characterize the possible role of cellular oncogenes in prostatic tumorigenesis and determine whether the level of expression of these genes can help in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions or in predicting the presence of clinically aggressive disease. We investigated the level of gene expression of 4 c-oncogenes(c-Ha-ras, c-Ki-ras, c-fps, c-myc) in 8 patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma, 5 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy(BPH) and 1 normal prostate as a control. The results were summarized as follows : 1. More than one c-onc gene was transcriptionally active in 6 of 8 cases with prostatic carcinoma and 3 of 5 cases with BPH. 2. Increased expression of c-myc was observed in 7 of 8 cases(88% ) and increased expression of c-fps was observed in 6 of 8 cases(75%) with prostatic carcinomas. 3. Increased expressions of c-myc and c-fps were observed simultaneously in 3 of 5 cases(60%) with BPH. 4. Both c-Ha-ras and c-Ki-ras were expressed simultaneously in 2 of 8 cases(25%) with prostatic carcinoma and 2 of 5 cases(40% ) with BPH. 5. The coincidence of expression of 2 oncogenes, such as c-myc and c-fps was found in 6 of 7 cases( 86% ) with prostatic carcinoma. 6. There is no significant difference in frequency or level of oncogene expressions between low and high grade tumors(Gleason score < 7 vs > or =7). 7. There is increased incidence of expression of c-Ha-ras and c-Ki-ras in disseminated disease (Stage D) compared to localized pelvic disease(Stage A, B, C), but there is no significant difference in frequency or level of c-fps and c-myc expression between localized pelvic disease and disseminated disease. 8. There is no significant difference in frequency or level of oncogene expressions between prostatic carcinoma and BPH. 9. The prognostic significance of elevated level of c-oncogene expression in prostatic carcinoma warrants further investigation.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Carcinogenesis ; Gene Expression ; Humans* ; Incidence ; Oncogenes* ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia*