Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome due to compression of the median nerve at the wrist. Division of the transverse carpal ligament for median nerve compression in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome is a common and successful procedure. A variety procedures exist to release the transverse carpal ligament the classic open release, limmited open or percutaneous release, and endoscopic release. From February 1994 to January 1996, 39 carpal tunnel releases were performed by percutaneous method in 30 patients (3 males and 27 females) at the Chonnam University Hospital. The patients age ranged from 42 to 67 years (average 54.8 years). The duration of the symptoms ranged from 3 months to 10 years. According to Brown's outcome analysis, results were as follows. 1. Persistent pain and paresthesia were noted in only 3 cases (7.7%) at 24 week postoperatively. 2. Two-Point discrimination on the index finger was improved significantly at 12 week postoperatively (p<0.05). In electromyographic study, conduction delay of motor and sensory fibers was diminished significantly at 4 week postoperatively (p<0.05). 3. Functional outcomes (grip strength, pinch strength, scar tenderness and return to work) were showed good and excellent result. We concluded that percutaneous decompression is one of the less morbid method for decompressing the carpal canal and relief of symptoms for the patient.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Cicatrix ; Decompression* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Fingers ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Ligaments ; Male ; Median Nerve ; Paresthesia ; Peripheral Nerves ; Pinch Strength ; Wrist

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship among calling, nurse’s image, satisfaction in major, self-efficacy and nursing professionalism and to identify the predictors of nursing professionalism among nursing students. Methods: The research design for this study was a descriptive survey using convenience sampling. Data collection was done using online questionnaires completed by 358 nursing students in G city. The data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression with the SPSS Win 25.0 Program. Results: The mean score of nursing professionalism was 3.56±0.55 out of a possible 5. Nursing professionalism showed a significantly positive correlation with calling (r=.51, p<.001), nurse’s image (r=.53, p<.001), satisfaction in major (r=.65, p<.001) and self-efficacy (r=.20, p<.001). In the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, satisfaction in major (β=.44, p<.001), nurse’s image (β=.26, p<.001), calling (β=.21, p<.001), self-efficacy (β=.14, p=.002) and servable occupation (β=.15, p=.020) were significant predictors and explained 51% of nursing professionalism. Conclusions The results of the study show factors that influence nursing professionalism in nursing students. Based on the results of the study, nursing professionalism education programs need to include factors that improve calling, nursing image, satisfaction in major and self-efficacy.

Urinary cytology has become an essential element in the diagnosis and management of transitional cell carcinoma(TCC) of the urinary tract. It has the advantage of being noninvasive, inexpensive, and easily accessible. Besides that it can even detect malignancy when unsuspected at cystoscopy. We report a retrospective review of urine cytology in the diagnosis of 83 TCC cases that underwent 295 cytologic evaluation. All patients had biopsy-proven TCC of the bladder, ureter and renal pelvis. The overall inci- dence of the positive cytology cases was 66.2%. To define the cytologic features of tumor cells, we tried to use three cytologic gradings such as "grade 1", "grade 2", and "grade 3" according to the cytologic degree of anaplastic neoplastic cells. These cytologic gades of TCC were relatively well correlated with the histologic grade and tumor invasiveness. This result suggests that the recognition of characteristic cellular features of TCC can suspect the histologic grade and tumor stage. The false negative TCC cases were 78.9%. They showed severe inflammatory or bloody background and a few neoplastic cells. Therefore, a cautious approach for accurate interpretation, personal experience, and proper fixation and processing could expand the role of urinary cytology.
Cystoscopy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Kidney Pelvis ; Nocturnal Enuresis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Thyroid Gland ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract

Malignant acanthosis nigricans is very rare disease. The disease is related with internal malignancy, especially gastrointestinal tract malignancy. Reported occurrence rate of malignant acanthosis nigricans associated internal malignancies are 64% of stomach adenocarcinoma, 27% of other organs of abdomen (liver, gall bladder, small intestine, rectum, uterus, ovary), 9% of non-abdominal organs(breast, lung). We report a case of malignant acanthosis nigricans associated with stomach adenocarcinoma from 20-year-old female and discuss review of literature on a acanthosis nigricans briefly.
Female ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma

No abstract available.
Infection Control*

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between job stress and turnover intention and the mediating effect of job embeddedness on the relationship among hospital nurses in rural areas. Methods: This is a descriptive study. A total of 277 registered nurses were enrolled in the study from three hospitals in rural areas of South Korea from April 29 to May 10, 2019. The participants completed self-reporting questionnaires, which measured job stress, turnover intention, and job embeddedness, and collected demographic information. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0, for multiple regression, and a simple mediation model applying the Hayes PROCESS macro with a 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval (5,000 bootstrap resampling). Results: Job stress had a direct effect (c’=0.35, p<.001) on turnover intention. It was also demonstrated that job embeddedness partially mediated the relationship between job stress and turnover intention among the hospital nurses (a ․ b=-0.40 × -0.58=0.23, 95% Boot C). Conclusion The job stress and turnover intention of nurses in rural areas are not higher than those in large cities. Nevertheless, hospital administrators need to provide a nursing workforce policy to increase job embeddedness and reduce nurses’ turnover intention.

PURPOSE: IgE was identified by Ishizaka as an antibody that is reacted at Type I hypersensitivity reaction, and has been used in the diagnosis of allergic disease and the differential diagnosis of extrinsic and intrinsic asthma. But there was some confusing in the diagnosis because of the broad range of measured serum IgE. Recently it was reported that serum IgE should be standardized for area and age to give the diagnostic reliability. METHODS: We measured serum IgE in 512 Korean children admitted at Ewha Woman University Mokdong Hospital between March 1991 and March 1994 and studied the relationship between asthma and serum IgE standardized for age in Korean children. RESULTS: 1) The geometric mean of serum IgE in non - allergic children and asthma were increased gradually according to age. The ranges of measured IgE in each group were overlapped in some part. 2) Log IgE increased by age similarly in asthma and non - allergic children, but was higher in asthma children than non - allergic children. Z scores of log IgE in asthma children increased by age, but those in non - allergic children was not changed by age. 3) Log IgE in male was not significantly different to that of female (p>0.05). 4) Incidence of asthma increased by increasing of Z score of log IgE standardized for age(p<0.05). 5) The normal range of serum IgE standardized for age was presented. Asthma was absent in children below the lowest normal IgE level (log IgE-1.5SD). CONCLUSIONS: Serum IgE if standardized by age, would be much valuable for the diagnosis of asthma in children.
Asthma* ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; Immunoglobulin E* ; Incidence ; Male ; Reference Values

Neonatal liver abscesses are rare, carry a high mortality rate, and are difficult to diagnose. The diagnosis of liver abscesses in the neonate cannot be established from the clinical presentation alone. Risk factors for liver abscesses in neonates are maternal infection, sepsis, umbilical venous catheterization, omphalitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis. In this report, we describe a preterm infant (32 weeks, 1,580 g) who presented with abdominal distension, respiratory difficulties, and a persistent inflammatory response in spite of broad spectrum antibiotic treatment; a large (6x5 cm) solitary pyogenic liver abscess was identified at 9 days of age. It appeared that the liver abscess had originated in the uterus and umbilical venous catheterization facilitated its spread. Percutaneous drainage under abdominal ultrasound guidance was performed and prolonged antibiotics were treated for 5 weeks, effecting a cure.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Drainage ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Liver ; Liver Abscess ; Liver Abscess, Pyogenic ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis ; Uterus

PURPOSE: Nebulized selective beta2-adrenoreceptor agonists have been widely used in acute asthma and selectively in acute bronchiolitis. However, nebulized salbutamol have been reported to cause arterial oxygen desaturation in some of the acute bronchiolitis and severe asthma patients. This may be the results of a paradoxical bronchoconstriction linked to acidic and hyper-osmolar nebulized salbutamol solution and etc. We assessed the changes in arterial oxygen saturation by percutaneous pulse oxymeter during and after nebulization of salbutamol solution and compared the effect of 100% oxygen with the compressed air as a driving gas. METHODS: This study was performed in 80 mild to moderate wheezy children(bronchiolitis 51, asthma 29) who were admitted to Pediatrics department of of EWHA from January 1992 to October 1993. The study children are randomly assigned to be nebulized by compressed air or 6l/min of 100% oxygen as a driving gas. The arterial oxygen saturation, wheeze score, retraction score, and heart rate were recorded before nebulization, post-nebulization, 5, 10, 15 and 30minutes. RESULTS: 1) Arterial oxygen saturation decreased significantly at post-nebulization five minutes only in bronchiolitis, treated with salbutamol nebulization without oxygen(p<0.01). Salbutamol nebulization, with oxygen (6l/min) has not changed arterial oxygen saturation both in bronchiolitis and asthma(p>0.05). 2) Wheeze score decreased significantly at post-nebulization 5-30minutes in asthma but not in bronchiolitis whether nebulized salbutamol with or without oxygen(p<0.05). 3) Retraction score increased significantly at post-nebulization 0-5minutes or unchanged in bronchiolitis but significantly decreased in asthma at 10-30minutes(p<0.05). 4) There were no significant change in heart rate and respiratory rate in both groups(p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Significant fall in arterial oxygen saturation was noted only in bronchiolitis treated with salbutamol nebulization without oxygen. In bronchiolitis, oxygen (6l/min) is better than compressed air as a driving gas during salbutamol nebulization to prevent hypoxemia.
Albuterol* ; Anoxia ; Asthma ; Bronchiolitis ; Bronchoconstriction ; Child* ; Compressed Air ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infant* ; Oxygen* ; Pediatrics ; Respiratory Rate

Nucleolar organizer regions(NORs) are intranucleolar segments of DNA coding for ribosomal RNA and contribute to the regulation of cellular protein synthesis. Since NOR-associated proteins are argyrophilic, silver staining method has been used for demonstration of NORs. The numbers of argyrophilic NORs(AgNORs) have been shown to be correlated with DNA ploidy and have prognostic value in diverse human neoplasms. However, the prognostic value of AgNORs in renal cell carcinoma(RCC) remain ill defined. We herein investigated the prognostic value of AgNORs in 39 patients with RCC. There was no significant relationship between mean number of AgNORs (m AgNORs) per nucleus and Robson stage and Fuhrman nunlear grade. However, there was significant relationship between the percentage of tumor cells with more than five AgNORs per nucleus (p AgNORs) and Robson stage and nuclear grade (p<0.05). There was significant difference in survival rate between patients with RCC in whom AgNORs were two or less and in whom AgNORs were greater than two(p<0.05). The patients with a low p AgNORs(less than 8%) have a better prognosis than those with a high p AgNORs. These results suggest that number of AgNORs may be a clinically useful prognostic marker for patients with RCC.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Clinical Coding ; DNA ; Humans ; Nucleolus Organizer Region* ; Ploidies ; Prognosis ; RNA, Ribosomal ; Silver Staining ; Survival Rate