1.Memantine Induces NMDAR1-Mediated Autophagic Cell Death in Malignant Glioma Cells.
Wan Soo YOON ; Mi Young YEOM ; Eun Sun KANG ; Yong An CHUNG ; Dong Sup CHUNG ; Sin Soo JEUN
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 2017;60(2):130-137
OBJECTIVE: Autophagy is one of the key responses of cells to programmed cell death. Memantine, an approved anti-dementia drug, has an antiproliferative effect on cancer cells but the mechanism is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to test the possibility of induction of autophagic cell death by memantine in glioma cell lines. METHODS: Glioma cell lines (T-98 G and U-251 MG) were used for this study. RESULTS: The antiproliferative effect of memantine was shown on T-98 G cells, which expressed N-methyl-D-aspartate 1 receptor (NMDAR1). Memantine increased the autophagic-related proteins as the conversion ratio of light chain protein 3-II (LC3-II)-/LC3-I and the expression of beclin-1. Memantine also increased formation of autophagic vacuoles observed under a transmission electron microscope. Transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knock down NMDAR1 in the glioma cells induced resistance to memantine and decreased the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio in T-98 G cells. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that in glioma cells, memantine inhibits proliferation and induces autophagy mediated by NMDAR1.
Autophagy*
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Cell Death
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Cell Line
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Gastrin-Secreting Cells
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Glioma*
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Memantine*
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N-Methylaspartate
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RNA, Small Interfering
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Transfection
;
Vacuoles
2.Outcomes of Severe to Profound Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss.
Si Young JO ; Sungsu LEE ; Tae Ho EOM ; Eun Sun JEUN ; Hyong Ho CHO ; Yong Beom CHO
Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology 2015;8(3):206-210
OBJECTIVES: While a severe to profound sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) may cause serious disability in verbal communication, there have been little studies focusing on this high degree SSNHL. The present study was aimed to investigate the characteristics of hearing recovery in a high degree SSNHL (>70 dB). METHODS: Three hundred and two SSNHL patients were enrolled. For a long-term follow-up, 46 patients were evaluated. Hearing level was examined by pure tone audiometry on day 1, week 3, month 3, month 6, and year 1 or after. According to the degree of the initial hearing loss, the patients were divided into 4 groups from 70 to > or =100 dB. RESULTS: After 3 weeks, the recovery rate and mean hearing gain was 61%, 23.85 dB in the 70 dB group, whereas 10%, 6.61 dB in the > or =100 dB group. There was a significant correlation between 3-week recovery and final hearing outcome. However, there was almost no recovery after 3 months. CONCLUSION: An early recovery can be a prognostic factor for the final recovery in severe to profound SSNHL. Since recovery after 3 months is rare, an early hearing intervention like hearing aid or cochlear implantation should be considered in the high degree SSNHL to restore the patient's verbal communication.
Audiometry
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Cochlea
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Cochlear Implantation
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Cochlear Implants
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Ear, Inner
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Follow-Up Studies
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Hearing
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Hearing Aids
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Hearing Loss
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Hearing Loss, Sensorineural*
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Hearing Loss, Sudden
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Humans
;
Treatment Outcome
3.A Case of Tubular Esophageal Duplication Presenting with Hematemesis.
Ik YOON ; Jae Hyun CHOI ; Ju young KIM ; Sun Min PARK ; Chul Young KIM ; Rok Son CHOUNG ; Yong Sik KIM ; Yoon Tae JEEN ; Hong Sik LEE ; Hun Jai JEUN ; Sang Woo LEE ; Chang Duck KIM ; Ho Sang RYU ; Jin Hai HYUN ; Eun Mi HAN ; Jae Seung SHIN
Korean Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2003;27(3):133-136
A 35-year old male developed epigastric pain and hematemesis one week before admission. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed and a communication between the esophagus and another opening was discovered. On a follow-up CT and barium esophagogram, a tubular duplication was suspected and the patient was referred to the department of cardio-thoracic surgery. A pathological diagnosis of esophageal duplication (tubular type) was established. The patient was discharged and is currently being followed up. Esophageal duplication is a rare congenital malformation. Moreover, it has not heen reported in Korea that esophageal duplication presents with hematemesis.
Adult
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Barium
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Diagnosis
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Endoscopy, Digestive System
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Esophagus
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Follow-Up Studies
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Hematemesis*
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Humans
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Korea
;
Male
4.Does the Colorectal Cancer Among Koreans Share the Same Pathological Features by Geographical Distribution: A Nationwide Survey of Surgically Resected 1,676 Cancers from 1,602 Patients.
Mee Soo CHANG ; Jin Hee SOHN ; Dae Young KANG ; Gyeong Hoon KANG ; Myung Sook KIM ; Woo Ho KIM ; Jong Hee NAM ; Woo Sung MOON ; Sun Hoo PARK ; Cheol Jeun PARK ; Ro hyun SUNG ; Young Lyun OH ; Eun Sook CHANG ; Hee Kyung CHANG ; Mee Yon CHO ; Kyung Ja CHO ; Yong Il KIM
Korean Journal of Pathology 2001;35(1):14-19
BACKGROUND: This nationwide survey was undertaken to characterize the general pathological features of colorectal cancer in Korea, and especially to elucidate the geographical characteristics by means of their anatomical distribution. METHODS: We analysed 1,676 colorectal cancers (from 1,602 patients) surgically resected in 1998 at 15 institutions from nine geographical sites in Korea. RESULTS: The topographic incidence of colorectal cancer in seven out of the total nine geographical sites, was the highest in the rectum (32-54%); and those from Wonju and Cheongju were in the sigmoid colon (28% for both). The right colon cancer incidence was 42% in Wonju and 36% in Cheongju, while it was 17-22% in the other areas. The cecal cancer incidences in Wonju and in Taegu were 7% and 8%, respectively, but 0-4% in the other areas. As for histology, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma was the most frequent (46-84%), except for in Wonju and Chonju, where the most predominant type was well differentiated (63% and 52%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The incidence of right colon cancer was higher in Wonju and Cheongju, than in the other geographical sites. The cecal predilection was prominent in Taegu and Wonju. The Elucidation of geographical differences in degree of differentiation for tubular adenocarcinoma seems to require further cumulative study with strict guidelines.
Adenocarcinoma
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Cecal Neoplasms
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Chungcheongbuk-do
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Colon, Sigmoid
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Colonic Neoplasms
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Colorectal Neoplasms*
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Daegu
;
Gangwon-do
;
Humans
;
Incidence
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Jeollabuk-do
;
Korea
;
Pathology
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Rectum