PURPOSE: This study was done to explore factors relating to number of falls among community-dwelling elders, based on gender. METHODS: Participants were 403 older community dwellers (male=206, female=197) aged 60 or above. In this study, 8 variables were identified as predictive factors that can result in an elderly person falling and as such, supports previous studies. The 8 variables were categorized as, exogenous variables; perceived health status, somatization, depression, physical performance, and cognitive state, and endogenous variables; fear of falling, ADL & IADL and frequency of falls. RESULTS: For men, ability to perform ADL & IADL (beta32=1.84, p<.001) accounted for 16% of the variance in the number of falls. For women, fear of falling (beta31=0.14, p<.05) and ability to perform ADL & IADL (beta32=1.01, p<.001) significantly contributed to the number of falls, accounting for 15% of the variance in the number of falls. CONCLUSION: The findings from this study confirm the gender-based fall prediction model as comprehensive in relation to community-dwelling elders. The fall prediction model can effectively contribute to future studies in developing fall prediction and intervention programs.
*Accidental Falls ; Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Cognition ; Depression/pathology ; Fear ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Activity ; Program Development ; Sex Factors ; Somatoform Disorders/pathology

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of nasogastric tube on swallowing function in stroke patients with dysphagia. METHOD: Twelve stroke patients with dysphagia were included in this study. We evaluated the Functional Dysphagia Scale using videofluoroscopic swallowing study. Swallowing tasks were composed of swallowing 5 cc of thick food and same volume of fluid on nasogastric tube insertion state and then nasogastric tube removal state. RESULTS: As the result of measuring oral phase score before and after removing nasogastric tube, all of 12 patients showed no significant difference. There was statistically significant increase in score of residue in piriform sinuses on thick food swallowing after removing nasogastric tube (p<0.05). After removing nasogastric tube, aspiration was decreased on fluid swallowing in cases of 2 patients, while aspiration on thick food swallowing was increased in cases of 2 patients, compared with nasogastic tube insertion state. CONCLUSION: As the result of this study, the stroke patients with dysphagia on nasogastric tube were increased on fluid aspiration due to rapid descending and inhibition of epiglottic closure compared with the removal state of nasogastric tube. And there was significant increased in scores of residue in piriform sinuses on thick food swallowing and aspiration pneumonia after removing nasogastric tube.
Deglutition Disorders* ; Deglutition* ; Humans ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; Pyriform Sinus ; Stroke*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a system dynamics model for adolescent obesity in Korea that could be used for obesity policy analysis. METHODS: On the basis of the casual loop diagram, a model was developed by converting to stock and flow diagram. The Vensim DSS 5.0 program was used in the model development. We simulated method of moments to the calibration of this model with data from The Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey 2005 to 2013. We ran the scenario simulation. RESULTS: This model can be used to understand the current adolescent obesity rate, predict the future obesity rate, and be utilized as a tool for controlling the risk factors. The results of the model simulation match well with the data. It was identified that a proper model, able to predict obesity probability, was established. CONCLUSION: These results of stock and flow diagram modeling in adolescent obesity can be helpful in development of obesity by policy planners and other stakeholders to better anticipate the multiple effects of interventions in both the short and the long term. In the future we suggest the development of an expanded model based on this adolescent obesity model.
Adolescent ; Humans ; Internet ; *Nonlinear Dynamics ; Obesity/*pathology ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors ; *Risk-Taking ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: As indicators of obesity, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and adiponectin are well known risk factor for diabetes mellitus. The objectives of this study were to measure the independent association between these obesity indicators and diabetes and to examine the combined effect of these indicators on diabetes in a Korean population. METHODS: The WC, BMI, and serum adiponectin were measured in 6,505 healthy Koreans and were classified into tertile groups for men and women. The independent and combined associations of the obesity indicators with diabetes were measured using logistic regression analyses. Diabetes was defined as fasting serum glucose greater than 126 mg/dL or taking medication. RESULTS: Levels of adiponectin were inversely associated with BMI and WC and directly associated with age and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) cholesterol (P <0.001). After adjusting for age, WC, and other lifestyle factors, low levels of adiponectin were associated with an increased prevalence of diabetes. Further adjustment for HDL cholesterol and triglyceride attenuated this association in both men and women. The best cut-off value of adiponectin in terms of identifying the presence of diabetes was 5.5 /ml with a sensitivity and specificity of 46.7% and 63.9% for men and 9.5 /ml with a sensitivity and specificity of 68.2% and 55.2 for women. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that adiponectin was associated with diabetes. The association was independent of WC and was partly modified by HDL and triglyceride. There were no effect modifications of adiponectin with WC on diabetes.
Adiponectin* ; Blood Glucose ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fasting ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Triglycerides ; Waist Circumference

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between self-esteem and sexual attitude in healthcare college students, and also to provide a basis for sexual health education programs to help establish healthy sexual attitudes. METHODS: A survey was conducted with 218 unmarried students attending the healthcare colleges in B and U cities. Data were collected from October 15 to November 10, 2015 and analyzed using Stepwise multiple regression with SPSS PASW 18.0. RESULTS: Mean score for self-esteem was 3.23±0.46 out of 5 and sexual attitude 2.64±0.54 out of 5. Self-esteem and sexual attitude had a negative correlation (r=-.169, p=.012). Among sub-variables of sexual attitude, negative correlations were found between self-esteem and premarital chastity (r=-.207, p=.002), and between self-esteem and homosexual attitudes (r=-.167, p=.013). There were statistically significant differences in sexual attitude according to perceived intimacy with mother (β=-.228, p<.001), year in college (β=.135, p=.047), major (β=.148, p=.023), religion (β=-2.429, p=.016), and homosexual tendencies (β=.139, p=.037). These factors explained 14.6% of the variance in sexual attitude. CONCLUSION: Findings demonstrate the importance of self-esteem for sexual attitudes. This finding should be used in the development of healthcare college students, promotion programs to enhance healthy sexual attitudes.
Delivery of Health Care* ; Education ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Mothers ; Reproductive Health ; Sexual Behavior ; Single Person

PURPOSE: Asthma inhalation therapy is important for the treatment of childhood asthma. Therefore, it is necessary to educate patients on the correct inhalation techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness and necessity of educating patients on the correct inhalation techniques. METHODS: A total of 86 patients with bronchial asthma and who were over 7 years old were enrolled and educated on handling inhaler devices for 2 years. The inhaler devices used were the diskus (n=27), turbuhaler (n=12) and metered dose inhaler with a spacer (n=47). Trained pharmacists provided the education. Four steps (breathing out prior to inhalation, inhalation, holding the breath, exhaling slowly) that were critical for handling each device were evaluated and each step was scored as good, fair or poor. We evaluated the symptom score (daytime cough, nighttime cough, sleep disturbance and limitation of activity) and lung function before treatment and 4 weeks later. RESULTS: Over 90.0% of the diskus users performed fair to good in each step. The symptom score and lung function at 4 weeks later after education were significantly improved (P=0.000). The turbuhaler users all performed fair to good on each step. The symptom score was significantly improved (P<0.005), but the lung function was not difference. Over 95% of the users of a metered dose inhaler with a spacer performed moderate to good on each step. The symptom score and lung function were significantly improved (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The structured, detailed education on inhaler devices by trained specialists was very important for performing correct inhalation therapy to control asthma, and repeated education might be also necessary.
Asthma ; Cough ; Exhalation ; Handling (Psychology) ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Lung ; Metered Dose Inhalers ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Pharmacists ; Respiratory Therapy ; Specialization

No abstract available.
Cisplatin* ; Humans ; Nausea* ; Ondansetron* ; Vomiting*

OBJECTIVES: Paranoia is a complex phenomenon, affected by a number of factors such as depression, trait anxiety, and attributional bias in schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to explore whether paranoia within continuum of clinical and subclinical states is associated with emotional dysregulation, attributional bias and neurocognitive impairment in whole individuals of normal controls, ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis and schizophrenia. METHODS: 101 normal controls, 50 participants at UHR for psychosis, and 49 schizophrenia patients were recruited. All subjects were asked to complete self-reported paranoia scale and emotional dysregulation scales including Rosenberg's self-esteem, Spielberg's state-trait anxiety inventory and Beck depression inventory. The attributional style was assessed by Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ). Participants were also requested to complete the comprehensive neurocognitive battery. RESULTS: Multiple linear regression analysis showed that paranoia were found to be associated with emotional dysregulation (state anxiety, trait anxiety and depression), composite blaming bias in ambiguous situation, impairment of attention and working memory in whole participants [F (9, 190)=34.85, p<0.001, adjusted R2=0.61]. CONCLUSION: The main findings suggest that paranoia is a complex affective and cognitive structure that may be associated with emotional dysregulation, blaming bias and attention and working memory impairment in clinical and non-clinical paranoia.
Anxiety ; Bias (Epidemiology)* ; Depression ; Hostility ; Humans ; Intention ; Linear Models ; Memory, Short-Term ; Paranoid Disorders* ; Psychotic Disorders* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Schizophrenia* ; Weights and Measures

Nine patients of mean age 47.8 years, with suspected sinus node dysfunction, underwent extensive electrophysiological studies. Sinus bradycardia(6the electrophysiological study, AH and HV intervals were prolonged in 2/9 and 1/9 patients, respectively. Maximal sinus node recovery times were prolonged in 7/9 patients, ranging from 1,330 msec to 12,330msec. Sinoatrial conduction times measured by atrial premature stimulation technique were prolonged in 5/7 patients, ranging from 137msec to 310 msec. And sinoatrial conduction time measured by continuous pacing technique also revealed prolonged value in 4/6 patients ranging from 140 msec to 195 msec. The effective refractory periods, of atrium were prolonged in 6/8 patients (320 msec to 470 msec). The effective and functional refractory periods of AV node were prolonged in 3/8 patients (440 csec to 490 msec) and 4/8 patients (530 msec to 560 msec), respectively. Retrograde VA conduction could be observed in 3/7 patients and ventricular effective refractory periods were normal in 7/7 patients. Atrial flutter was induced in 1/9 patients by electric stimulation during electrophysiological study. Above data suggest that the electrophysiological study is very useful in assessing the sinus node function and other electrophysiological properties in sick sinus syndrome patients and also suggest that the data could be utilized in choosing the proper mode of artificial pacemaker for each patient.
Atrial Flutter ; Atrioventricular Node ; Electric Stimulation ; Humans ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; Sick Sinus Syndrome* ; Sinoatrial Node

In this article, Table 1's data was given incorrectly. Metodopramide should be corrected as Metoclopramide.