No abstract available.
Appendix* ; Lymphoma*

No abstract available.
Appendicitis* ; Child* ; Humans

Forty cases of infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast were examined immunohistochemically for expression of TGF-beta and angiogenesis in order to analyze significant correlation with prognostic parameters including tumor size, axillary lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, histologic grade, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status. The TGF-beta expression was observed in tumors center and advancing edges of tumors. To determine microvessel density for angiogenesis, we stained endothelial cells for Factor VIII related antigen and counted microvessel within tumor. The results were as follows: 1) The strong immunohistochemical expression of TGF-beta and higher counts of microvessels were observed in advancing edges of tumors (p<0.05). 2) The TGF-beta expression in the advancing edges of tumors was closely related to clinical stage and presence of axillary lymph node metastasis (p<0.05). 3) The mean microvessel counts were significantly higher in tumors from patients with axillary lymph node metastasis and increased with increasing clinical stage (p<0.05). 4) The TGF-beta expression was not related to histologic grade, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status(p>0.05). Therefore, the results suggested that the TGF-beta expression and angiogenesis in infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast may play an important part in prognostic factors, closely related to the lymph node metastasis and clinical stage.
Neoplasm Metastasis

A primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid is extremely rare disease. We evaluated this disease by fine needle aspiration cytology in a 43 year-old female. On physical examination, the thyroid was moderately enlarged and palpated with hard consistency. The cytologic aspirate revealed nests of squamous cells, malignant squame and thyroid follicular cells in the necrotic background. We diagnosed this tumor as squamous cell carcinoma with cytologic evidence. Surgically resected thyroid revealed well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining for antithyroglobulin proved that this tumor was primary in origin and clinical study confirmed this lesion to be of primary thyroid origin rather than metastasis or direct invasion from contiguous structures.
Adult ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Physical Examination ; Rare Diseases ; Thyroid Gland*

PURPOSE: To find characteristic MRI features of vermian medulloblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI studiesand medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 12 patients with surgically proven midline medulloblastoma. The assessment concerned appearance of the mass in relation to surrounding structures ; MR signal intensity ; the enhancement pattern ; the mass's location and size ; presence of a cystic/necrotic area, calcification, or vascular void ; extension through the foramen Luschka ; degree of hydrocephalus ; and presence of tonsillarherniation. RESULTS: The midline medulloblastoma commonly showed roundish moon-surface appearance, especially onthe axial T2-weighted images. All tumors showed heterogeneous signal intensities mainly due to intratumoralcystic/necrotic or hemorrhagic changes. The tumors were commonly located at mid- and/or inferior vermis. Occasionally the tumors extended through the foramen Luschka, and caused obstructive hydrocephalus of moderate tosevere degree. Post-con-trast study showed heterogeneous, dense contrast enhancement in the majority of patients. CONCLUSION: The MR finding of the moon-surface appearance formed by both the mass and the intratumoralcystic/necrotic change as seen on axial T2-weighted images could be helpful in the diagnosis of vermianmedulloblastoma.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Medical Records ; Medulloblastoma* ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: As the incidence of coloanal diseases has been steadily increasing during the past few decades in Korea, we illustrate the necessity of a specialized colorectal clinic for the efficient management of such diseases. METHOD: Outpatients at our colorectal clinic were studied epidemiologically and clinically by retrospective studies between November 1986 to December 1996. RESULTS: During this period, the total number of outpatients were 30,590 of which 24% were new patients. The patient pool consisted of anal diseases (62%), colon diseases (28%) and other diseases (10%). In this study, we found that condyloma, perianal abscesses, anal fistulas were predominant in males compared to females while rectovaginal fistulas, functional bowel diseases, and perianal fissures were predominant in females. There was no sexual bias for rectal cancer. Colorectal diseases occurred in all age groups; however, the peak age was in the fourth or fifth decade where social activity was maximum. There was a variation in age incidence among different disease entities. The range of age for benign conditions such as hemorroids, perianal abscessess and functional bowel diseases were from the third to the fifth decades; however, malignant lesions such as colon cancer were frequently seen in older patients (> 40 years). Condyloma was frequently seen in younger patients (< 20 years). There were no monthly variations in the incidences of colorectal diseases. Yearly variations were not found for colorectal disease, but were found for cancer. Of the cancers, the incidence of rectal cancer was higher than s-colon cancer or colon cancer in year variations. The diagnostic time has been reduced significantly over the past decade. The mean time required for a diagnosis work up in the period from 1984 to 1986 was 9.4 days; the diagnostic time in the period from 1993 to 1996 was 4.7 days. CONCLUSIONS: The incidences of coloanal disease have increased recently in Korea; thus, the demand for an efficient outpatient colorectal clinic has inevitably increased. We concluding that a specialized clinic, such as our colorectal clinic, has become essential for properly managing the exploding number of coloanal patients in Korea.
Abscess ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Outpatients* ; Rectal Fistula ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Rectovaginal Fistula ; Retrospective Studies

An accurate preoperative evaluation of lymph nodes(LNs) in gastric cancer is a prerequisite for successful surgery and favorable prognosis. We retrospectively analyzed the Ct accuracy in perigastric LN localization and LN staging of gastric cancer as well as the size criteria for the metastasized LN in 64 patients who hed undergone a surgery for gastric cancer. The results of perigastric LNs evaluation by CT are as follows; sensitivity 67%(64/95), specificity 90%(839/929), accuracy 88%(903/1024). Of 95 pathologically metastasized LN groups, 66 could be retrospectively identified on Ct scans(69%). In LN staging, CT was correct in 60%(38/64), overstaged in 32%(21/64), and understaged in 8%(5/64). The perigastric LN groups which were easily localized on CT were #3, 7, 8, and 13. The mean size of metastasized LNs on CT according to the I.N group was #3 (13mm), #4(9mm), #6 (10mm), #7(10.5mm), #8 (10mm), #9 (11mm), #13 (9mm).
Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stomach Neoplasms*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the level and variation of job stress according to social welfare organizations and work conditions among social workers in Seoul. METHODS: For this survey, a self-reported questionnaire was administrated to 1,000 social workers working in organizations for social welfare practice in Seoul. A total of 432 completed questionnaires were received (43.2% response rate). RESULTS: Social workers working in welfare organizations for the aged had higher job stress in the areas of job demand, insufficient job control and lack of reward than those in other welfare organizations. In addition, higher job stress was found in those in charge of both service and administrational work, without regular time for rest, working over 10 hours, in the frontline and senior grade. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the importance of guaranteeing regular time for breaks in the work schedule and of considering the service and administrational work ratio in job arrangement in order to alleviate stress of social workers.
Appointments and Schedules ; Questionnaires ; Reward ; Seoul* ; Social Welfare* ; Social Work*

All solid tumors require the induction of new blood vessel to grow. The neovascularization of tumor tissue(angiogenesis) is considered essential for tumor growth, proliferation and eventually metastasis. Recent reports have demonstrated that the intensity of tumor angiogenesis in prostate and other tumors may be of prognostic value. We analyzed the prognostic significance of microvessel quantitation in bladder carcinoma. Microvessels were identified by immunohistochemistry using antibodies to endothelial marker, factor VIII-related antigen. The three most vascular area within a tumor were selected, and the microvessels within a x200 microscopic field of each area were counted by an investigator. The significant relationship was observed between microvessel counts and recurrence rate in 17 patients with superficial bladder cancer. Microvessel counts correlated with stage, grade, lymph node and distant metastasis, and 2 year disease free survival rate in 28 patients with invasive bladder cancer. In 15 patients with invasive cancer who were not showed distant metastasis, tumors from patients who experienced distant metastasis had higher microvessel counts than did tumors from patients who were disease- free(75.7118.59 and 61.7517.78), these values were not significantly different(p=0.081). These findings suggest that assessment of angiogenesis by microvessel quantitation may be a valuable method to predict metastatic potential of tumors, survival and the candidates for adjuvant therapy in patients with invasive bladder cancer.
Antibodies ; Blood Vessels ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Microvessels ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prostate ; Recurrence ; Research Personnel ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; von Willebrand Factor

No abstract available.
Cardiotocography* ; Meconium* ; Pregnancy*