This study aims at examining relationships between body mass index and perceived body shape and image. Using a purposive sampling method, 404 female college students were recruited from three universities located in Busan from April 2000 to June 2000. To classify the levels of obesity, Broca's method was used. Secord & Jourard's Body Cathexis Scale(1953) modified by Kim mi ok(1997) was also used to measure body image. The collected data were analyzed with the percentages, Mean, Standard deviation, T-test. and Pearson correlation Coefficient. The results of this study were as follows. 1. 56.4% of subjects were under weight, and 42.1% were normal for BMI. 2. 55.9% of subjects were very satisfied with their body shape and 15.1% were satisfied. 3. The mean values of perceived body shape according to the BMI were 3.0 for the overweight group, 2.65 for the normal weight group, and 2.21 for the low weight group, the mean differences among three groups were significantly satisfied (F= 21.42, P= .000). 4. The mean scores of body image according to the BMI was 160.21 for low weight group, 155.57 for the normal weight group, and 140.0 for overweight group. The mean differences among the three groups were not significantly satisfied. 5. The mean scores of body image according to perceived body shape were 17819 for the satisfaction group, 161.08 for the moderate group and 150.82 for dissatisfied group. The mean differences among the three groups were significantly satisfied (F= 35.72, P=. 000). 6. There were high positive correlations between BMI and perceived body shape(r= .317) and between perceived body shape and body image (r= .415).
Body Image* ; Body Mass Index* ; Busan ; Cathexis ; Female* ; Humans ; Obesity ; Overweight

BACKGROUND: Propioriacterium acnes plays an importantol in the development of inflammatory acne, and inflarnmatory lesions are improved by oralnc topical antibiotics. But as Pacnes frequently develop resistance to antibiotics in patients neing long term systemic antibiotic therapy, the theravuti effects diminish, and eventually thay fails. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate theerral susceptability of P. acnes to antibiotics and the difference in the MIC depending on the of oral and/or topical antibiotics, therapeutic effects and disease duration in patients with acie ulgaris. METHODS: We used twenty six strains of P. acnes which were obtained from patients with acne and performcd suseptibility testing for antibiotics usir the E test procedure. RESULTS: 1. The growth of P. acnes was completely inhibited by e ythromycin and chloramphenicol at concentrations of 0.023ug/ml and 0.064ug/ml, respectively cefoxitin at 0.094ug/ml, and by tetracycline and clindarnycin at 0.190 ug/ml. 2. P. acnes was mot susceptible to erythromycin, and olwed by chloramphenicol, cefoxitin, tetracycline, clindamycin in order of decreasing susceptibilit . 3. There were no significant differences in the MIC in reat in to previous antibiotic treatment. 4. For tetracycline, The MIC was significantly lower(p<0.01) in patients who improved after treatment. 5, For tetracycline and chloramphenicol, the MIC was grficantly lower(p<0.05) in patients with less than 2 years disease duration. CONCLUSION: The susptibility of antibiotics for P. acneias highest in erythromycin. There were no significant differences in the MIC in relation to prvious antibiotic treatment, and for some antibiotics the suseptibility was low in patients who dill not show clinical improvement or who had long disease duration.
Acne Vulgaris* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cefoxitin ; Chloramphenicol ; Clindamycin ; Erythromycin ; Humans ; Propionibacterium acnes* ; Propionibacterium* ; Tetracycline

The purpose of this study was to examine the comparative between depression and stress related to life events among women in the menopausal stage. Menopausal stages were divided into two groups: Pre and post- menopausal stages. The degree of depression and stress related to life events between pre and post menopausal women were compared to each other. Women, aged between 41 and 59 years, answered self-reported questionnaires which included Zung's depression scale and life events scale modified by Lee (1984). Findings were as follows; 1) The mean score of premenopausal women who experienced depression was 39.66, and for post-menopausal women the score was 41.45. There was no significant differences in depression levels between pre and post menopausal group.s (t=-1.55, p=.122). 2) Menopausal women experienced low levels of stress related to life events. There were no significant differences between pre and post menopausal groups(t=.527, p>.05). Both pre and post menopausal groups were highly concerned about education issues of their children and disharmony between couples. 3) There was a significant relationship between depression and stress related to life events among post-menopausal groups (r=.22, p<.01). Based on the findings of this study, the menopausal depression was associated with stress related to life events, especially among post-menopausal women. Feelings of lost fertility and feminine attributies result in menopausal depression, which is significantly correlated with women's negative perception of their life events. Therefore, nursing intervention needs to develop to help reduce the levels of depression and overcome their negative perception of the menopausal experience. Nurses should develop nursing strategies to help menopausal women to have positive perceptions and enhance quality of life by assisting their adaptability to physiological and psychological changes related to menopause.
Child ; Depression* ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Fertility ; Humans ; Menopause ; Nursing ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires

CT was proved to be the most accurate diagnostic tool in the analysis of brain metastasis than any otherclassical methods. The authors studied CT findings of intracranial metastasis in 31 cases proven clinically andhistologically. The results were as follows; 1. Age distribution of the cases was 15 males and 16 females withpeak age of 6th decade in males and 4th decade in females. 2. Metastatic lesions were multiple in 18 cases andsingle in 13 cases. 3. The most common degree of edema was grade III, 43% of total metastatic foci. Markededematous low densities with relatively small nodular high densities in precontrast scan and variable contrastenhancement of the nodular densities were the most frequent CT findings. 4. No specific characterstics accordingto the primary cancer was noted. All four cases of choriocarcinoma showed hemorrhagic tendency.
Age Distribution ; Brain ; Choriocarcinoma ; Edema ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood*

PURPOSE: To examine the difference of physical discomfort and childbirth satisfaction between postpartum women with and without having taken Epidural Analgesia. METHOD: The subjects were divided into one group of 128 primipara taken Epidural Analgesia and the other of the same 70 women who were not taken it. Data were collected by questionnaires of their own physical discomfort and birth satisfaction at postpartum 1 to 2 days in OBGY hospitals, and data were analyzed using SPSS Program. RESULT: Women having taken epidural analgesia appealed higher physical discomfort than those without it in the lower limbs exercise discomfort, difficult urination, urinary retention, nausea & vomiting, whereas appeared vice versa in breast pain. Among indicators for childbirth satisfaction, women having taken epidural analgesia preferred the same delivery method later again more than those without it. CONCLUSION: It is confirmed that the method of epidural analgesia is not an absolute way to control labor pain, rather stir physical discomfort after childbirth and does not fully increase the women's childbirth satisfaction. Therefore, it is proposed that nurses should provide the pregnant women the right knowledge and information, thereby enabling them to select the useful method of childbirth to their own course of childbirth and health-recovering after the delivery.
Analgesia, Epidural* ; Female ; Humans ; Labor Pain ; Lower Extremity ; Mastodynia ; Nausea ; Parity ; Parturition* ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urinary Retention ; Urination ; Vomiting

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: Tumor invasion and metastasis are multistep phenomina, involving proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and alteration of cell adhesion. It is another oncologic therapeutic strategy to block tumor invasion and metastasis through analyzing the molecules which are involved in these processes. We examined the expressions of some of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in colorectal cancer and analyze the correlation with clinical factors and survival. METHODS: Fifty-five patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgical resection were included. The expressions of the MMP-2, -7, -9, and -12 in tumor tissue and normal mucosa using RT-PCR technique was carried out. We evaluated and analyzed the correlation among these molecules, clinical characteristics, and survival. RESULTS: Expressions of MMP-7, -9, and -12 were significantly higher in tumor tissue than in normal mucosa (P=0.00). The expressions of MMP-2 between cancer and normal mucosa had no significant difference but it had a significant difference according to the lymph node (LN) invasion (P=0.03) in tumor tissues. Three-year overall survival was worse in patient with high expression of MMP-2 compared to low expression. CONCLUSION: The expressions of MMP-7, -9, -12 in tumor tissue were higher than in normal mucosa and MMP-2 expression of tumor tissues had a significant difference according to LN invasion. MMP-2 overexpression seems to be a prognostic factor for 3-yr overall survival. But, large scale study with long term survival analysis will be needed for the prognostic significance of MMPs.
Cell Adhesion ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Extracellular Matrix ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Mucous Membrane ; Neoplasm Metastasis

No abstract available.
Female* ; Humans ; Prune Belly Syndrome*

No abstract available.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Humans*