Testicular feminization syndrome (TFS) is a genetic disorder due to androgen insensitivity of the target organs. The most common clinical presentation of complete TFS is inguinal hernia in the infant or primary amenorrhea in the adolescence. A 7-year old phenotypically female patient was seen with a complaint of a right inguinal mass. Under the diagnosis of right inguinal hernia, high ligation was performed. Six months later, the patient showed a left inguinal mass. On operation, the mass looked like a testis. The external genitalia were normal female, but a uterus and ovary were not identified. Chromosome study showed a 46, XY karyotype and the levels of serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were increased after HCG stimulation. The patient was diagnosed as complete TFS and underwent bilateral gonadectomy 6 months later.
Adolescent ; Amenorrhea ; Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome* ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Female ; Genitalia ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Humans ; Infant ; Karyotype ; Ligation ; Male ; Ovary ; Testis ; Testosterone ; Uterus

Testicular feminization syndrome (TFS) is a genetic disorder due to androgen insensitivity of the target organs. The most common clinical presentation of complete TFS is inguinal hernia in the infant or primary amenorrhea in the adolescence. A 7-year old phenotypically female patient was seen with a complaint of a right inguinal mass. Under the diagnosis of right inguinal hernia, high ligation was performed. Six months later, the patient showed a left inguinal mass. On operation, the mass looked like a testis. The external genitalia were normal female, but a uterus and ovary were not identified. Chromosome study showed a 46, XY karyotype and the levels of serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were increased after HCG stimulation. The patient was diagnosed as complete TFS and underwent bilateral gonadectomy 6 months later.
Adolescent ; Amenorrhea ; Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome* ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Female ; Genitalia ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Humans ; Infant ; Karyotype ; Ligation ; Male ; Ovary ; Testis ; Testosterone ; Uterus

No abstract available.
Jaundice

The incidence of fetal cardiac arrhythmia is approximately 1-3%. Sustatined fetal tachyarrhythmia may cause fetal hydrops and rnay lead to fetal death. We experienced a case of fetal atrial flutter without fetal hydrops at 34 weeks of gestation, which was diagnosed by fetal echocardiography. Transplacental fetal therapy with maternal digoxin administration resulted in restoration of normal fetal sinus rhythm. At birth, the infant showed normal electrocardiographic finding with normal Apgar scores.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Atrial Flutter* ; Digoxin ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Fetal Death ; Fetal Therapies ; Humans ; Hydrops Fetalis ; Incidence ; Infant ; Mothers* ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Tachycardia

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of interferon alpha therapy with or without prednisolone in children with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: Twenty-eight children (22 boys, 6 girls, mean age 130 months) had seropositive results for HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA; 11 had chronic persistent hepatitis and 17 had chronic active hepatitis. The patients were divided into two groups depending upon their inflammatory activity on liver biopsy, pretreatment serum ALT levels and HBV DNA levels. Fourteen children (group 1: chronic active hepatitis, ALT > or = 100 IU/L and HBV DNA < or = 100 pg/300 microliter) received interferon alpha 2a 5 MU/m2 of body surface three times weekly for 6 months. Fourteen children (group 2: chronic persistent hepatitis or chronic active hepatitis with ALT < 100 IU/L or HBV DNA > 100 pg/300 microliter) received prednisolone in decreasing daily doses of 60 mg/m2, 40 mg/m2, and 20 mg/m2, each for 2 weeks, followed after 2 weeks by interferon alpha 2a on the same schedule. At the end of therapy, 3 end points were analyzed: HBeAg seroconversion, serum ALT normalization rate and clearance of serum HBV DNA. RESULTS: At the end of treatment, HBe antigen-to antibody seroconversion was higher but not more significant in group 1 than group 2 (71.4% vs. 50.0%). Only one patient in group 2 who lost HBeAg, also cleared HBsAg. ALT normalization was similar in both groups (64.3% in group 1 vs. 55.6% in group 2). Clearance of serum HBV DNA was observed in 78.6% of patients in group 1 and 64.3% in group 2, but no significant differences. Complete response was similarly achieved in both groups (57.1% in group 1 vs. 50.0% in group 2). Interferon alpha therapy with prednisolone priming was well tolerated and all children finished therapy. CONCLUSION: The combined therapy with prednisolone followed by interferon alpha may be safe and effective in inducing a serological and biochemical remission of the disease in approximately 50% of children with chronic hepatitis B and with a high level of viral replication and less active disease. However, a controlled study should be performed to confirm these results.
Appointments and Schedules ; Biopsy ; Child* ; DNA ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B, Chronic* ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha* ; Interferons ; Liver ; Prednisolone*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate influence of cellular phone videos and games on dry eye syndrome in university students. METHODS: A randomized comparison group pre-post design is used. Sixty university students were randomly assigned to either a video or a game group. Frequencies of blinking, dry eye symptoms scores and amounts of tears were measured. Thirty subjects watched cellular phone video programmes and the other 30 subjects played cellular phone games for 61 minutes. In addition, frequencies of blinking were measured three times during treatment, once immediately after a treatment and twice at an interval of 20 minutes after subsequent treatments. RESULTS: Post-test scores of frequencies of blinking significantly decreased, dry eye symptoms scores including amounts of tears significantly increased greater than pre-test scores in both groups. But there were no significant differences between the groups. Frequencies of blinking were significantly different with respect to the time spent using cellular phone. In both groups, the lowest frequencies of blinking were shown after 40 minutes of cellular phone use. CONCLUSION: This study shows that using cellular phone has negative influence on dry eye syndrome and eyes require a resting period after cellular phone use over 40 minutes.
Blinking ; Cellular Phone* ; Dry Eye Syndromes* ; Humans ; Tears

PURPOSE: Neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) is a rare disorder caused by the transplacentally transmitted maternal autoantibodies. It is characterized by congenital complete atrioventricular block (CCAVB), skin lesion and less commonly hepatic and hematologic abnormalities. This study was designed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcome of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) mothers and their neonates. METHODS: 29 neonates born to 25 SLE mothers were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Chonnam University Hospital between January 1994 and June 2005. We investigate the medical records retrospectively. RESULTS: Among 25 SLE mothers, 32.4% had history of spontaneous abortion or stillbirth in previous pregnancy, and 7 (28.0%) of preeclampsia and 3 (12.0%) of premature rupture of membranes in present pregnancy. Among 29 newborns, 14 (48.2%) were premature, 4 (13.7%) were intrauterine growth retardation, and 11 (37.9%) were confirmed as NLE. Anti-SSA/Ro was positive in 13 (52.0%) of 25 examined neonates including 6 (85.7%) of 7 neonates with electrocardiographic abnormalities. Two cases of CCAVB were diagnosed during the pregnancy. One patient didn't show heart failure, he is on the followed up without medical treatment until 4 years of age. The other one showed heart failure, cardiac pacemaker was inserted at 7 days of age, dilated cardiomyopathy developed at 4 years of age. Five neonates with sinus bradycardia resolved spontaneously. One (3.4%) had typical lupus skin lesion with thrombocytopenia and elevated liver enzyme, one (3.4%) had leukopenia, and two (6.9%) had elevated liver enzymes only. CONCLUSIONS: With careful antenatal monitoring of SLE mothers and their fetuses, neonates should be monitored by autoantibody, EKG, and laboratory test.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Atrioventricular Block ; Autoantibodies ; Bradycardia ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Fetus ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Jeollanam-do ; Leukopenia ; Liver ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Medical Records ; Membranes ; Mothers* ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Skin ; Stillbirth ; Thrombocytopenia

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the meaning of the adaptation experiences of new ICU nurses who were working in a newly established university hospital. The study was based on phenomenological research methodology. METHODS: Data were collected over 3 months through in depth interview with 6 new nurses who had worked less than 1 year in a newly established ICU of university hospital of less than 1 year located in Y city. The Colaizzi analysis method was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The themes were classified into 13 themes clusters. The 13 themes clusters were finally grouped into 6 categories, 'The endlessness of a new beginning', 'Pressure of work due to lack of senior nurses', 'Wanting to quit', 'Attachment for the complete hospital and ICU', 'Preciousness of colleagues', 'Pride in self-growth'. CONCLUSION: New ICU nurses have a difficult time due to pressures of work and lack of expert knowledge, and anxiety adds to these problems making the situation more difficult. The study results indicate that professional knowledge and skills learned through repetition of difficult work, pride through self growth, recognition from others and good-fellowship are driving forces to overcome obstacles and with stand difficult daily work.
Anxiety ; Intensive Care Units ; Qualitative Research

The aerial parts of Eclipta prostrata is used as a traditional medicine and vegetable. In traditional folk medicine, it is used for treatment of hemorrhages, hepatic, disease, renal injuries, hair loss, tooth mobility, and viper bites. In this study, ten compounds (1 ‒ 10) were isolated from the aerial parts of E. prostrata. A reliable high performance liquid chromatography equipped with photometric diode array detector (HPLC-PDA) method was developed to simultaneously quantitate 10 marker compounds [chlorogenic acid (1), paratensein 7-O-β-ᴅ-glucoside (2), quercetin 7-O-β-ᴅ-glucoside (3), luteolin 7-O-β-ᴅ-glucoside (4), apigenin 7-O-β-ᴅ-glucoside (5), apigenin 4'-O-β-ᴅ-glucoside (6), apigenin (7), luteolin (8), wedelolactone (9), and paratensein (10)]. In addition, compounds 5 and 6 showed considerable inhibitory effects against protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) enzyme. Moreover, compounds 6 ‒ 8, and 10 exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 24.5 ± 1.9, 33.0 ± 0.5, 45.5 ± 0.1, and 23.8 ± 1.0 µM, respectively. All compounds (1 ‒ 10) showed considerable acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effects with IC 50 ranging from 30.1 to 75.2 µM.

The aerial parts of Eclipta prostrata is used as a traditional medicine and vegetable. In traditional folk medicine, it is used for treatment of hemorrhages, hepatic, disease, renal injuries, hair loss, tooth mobility, and viper bites. In this study, ten compounds (1 ‒ 10) were isolated from the aerial parts of E. prostrata. A reliable high performance liquid chromatography equipped with photometric diode array detector (HPLC-PDA) method was developed to simultaneously quantitate 10 marker compounds [chlorogenic acid (1), paratensein 7-O-β-ᴅ-glucoside (2), quercetin 7-O-β-ᴅ-glucoside (3), luteolin 7-O-β-ᴅ-glucoside (4), apigenin 7-O-β-ᴅ-glucoside (5), apigenin 4'-O-β-ᴅ-glucoside (6), apigenin (7), luteolin (8), wedelolactone (9), and paratensein (10)]. In addition, compounds 5 and 6 showed considerable inhibitory effects against protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) enzyme. Moreover, compounds 6 ‒ 8, and 10 exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 24.5 ± 1.9, 33.0 ± 0.5, 45.5 ± 0.1, and 23.8 ± 1.0 µM, respectively. All compounds (1 ‒ 10) showed considerable acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effects with IC 50 ranging from 30.1 to 75.2 µM.