Electron mlactimpic studies were performed on three primary and two early secondary syphilitic lesions from three patients. AZ of these patients had both secondary syphilitic lesions and chancres. There was no difference in the morphology and location of treponemes in these patients as compared to those who had only a chancre or only a syphilid reported earlier. This study revealed that Treponema pallida were principally located in the intercellular space of keratinocytes and exhacellular space of the dermis. Furthermore, these organisms were observed within histiocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, lymphocytes and even plasma cells. The plasma cells had well developed endoplasmic reticulum, and in some, dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum was noted. Many t mponemes were demonstrated in and around blood vessels. The vascular endothelial cells were proliferating and the basement membranes were thick.
Basement Membrane ; Blood Vessels ; Chancre* ; Dermis ; Dilatation ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Endothelial Cells ; Extracellular Space ; Fibroblasts ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Lymphocytes ; Microscopy, Electron ; Plasma Cells ; Syphilis ; Syphilis, Cutaneous* ; Treponema pallidum* ; Treponema*

OBJECTIVES: The daily activities and performance of the working population can be threatened by sleep disturbances, including insomnia. This study evaluated the sleep patterns, sleep problems, daytime sleepiness, and lost productivity time (LPT) resulting from sleep quality and sleep duration issues among workers. METHODS: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) were completed by 653 workers in an urban area. Statistical analyses were performed using independent t-tests. RESULTS: The average sleep duration among the subjects was 6 h 37 min. While 19.6% of the subjects complained of poor sleep quality, 53.4% were affected during the day by insomnia. The estimated annual cost of LPT due to presenteeism (Won13,892,545 vs. Won11,840,140 ; p=0.033) and the total annual cost of LPT (Won14,040,968 vs. Won11,961,302 ; p=0.032) were higher in poor sleepers than in good sleepers. Furthermore, workers with a shorter sleep duration had a higher annual LPT due to presenteeism (747.83 vs. 648.57 h ; p=0.046) and a higher total annual LPT (754.48 vs. 657.99 h ; p=0.049) than workers with a longer sleep duration. CONCLUSION: Sleep deprivation among workers caused 1 h 51 min LPT per week. This suggests that sleep disturbance affects workers' performance in an organization, as well as in terms of individual health.
Efficiency ; Korea ; Occupational Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sleep Deprivation ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders

OBJECTIVES: The daily activities and performance of the working population can be threatened by sleep disturbances, including insomnia. This study evaluated the sleep patterns, sleep problems, daytime sleepiness, and lost productivity time (LPT) resulting from sleep quality and sleep duration issues among workers. METHODS: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) were completed by 653 workers in an urban area. Statistical analyses were performed using independent t-tests. RESULTS: The average sleep duration among the subjects was 6 h 37 min. While 19.6% of the subjects complained of poor sleep quality, 53.4% were affected during the day by insomnia. The estimated annual cost of LPT due to presenteeism (Won13,892,545 vs. Won11,840,140 ; p=0.033) and the total annual cost of LPT (Won14,040,968 vs. Won11,961,302 ; p=0.032) were higher in poor sleepers than in good sleepers. Furthermore, workers with a shorter sleep duration had a higher annual LPT due to presenteeism (747.83 vs. 648.57 h ; p=0.046) and a higher total annual LPT (754.48 vs. 657.99 h ; p=0.049) than workers with a longer sleep duration. CONCLUSION: Sleep deprivation among workers caused 1 h 51 min LPT per week. This suggests that sleep disturbance affects workers' performance in an organization, as well as in terms of individual health.
Efficiency ; Korea ; Occupational Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sleep Deprivation ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders