No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn

This study was conducted to investigate health status of preschool children utilizing anthropometric values and serum biochemical indices. The subjects were 1,159 boys and 1,019 girls in Gumi day-care centers aged 4 to 6 years. The mean height and weight of 4, 5 and 6 year old children were 103.0 cm and 17.1 kg, 107.2 cm and 18.3 kg and 113.4 cm and 20.6 kg, respectively. By the obesity index criteria, 5% of boys and 4% of girls were obese:whereas 10% of boys and 9% of girls were underweight. By the Kaup index criteria, 7% of boys and 4% of girls were obese. By the percentage of body fat criteria, 5% of boys and girls were obese. The mean concentrations of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, Atherogenic Index and serum glucose were 154.1 - 156.5 mg/dL, 80.1 - 81.9 mg/dL, 46.8 - 47.4 mg/dL, 90.9 - 92.8 mg/dL, 2.34 - 2.39 and 76.4 - 77.8 mg/dL, respectively. Serum triglyceride level, AI and body fat percentage of obese children were significantly higher than other children and were significantly lower in HDL-cholesterol level (p < 0.05). In addition there were significant correlation between anthropometric values and serum biochemical indices:Kaup index and obesity index were positively correlated to the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in boys and girls (p < 0.01) and to the triglyceride concentration in boys (p < 0.05). These results indicate the need of developing and implementation of nutrition education program for preschool children to prevent further development of childhood obesity and to maintain normal serum lipid profiles.
Adipose Tissue ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Child ; Child, Preschool* ; Cholesterol ; Education ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Humans ; Obesity ; Pediatric Obesity ; Thinness ; Triglycerides

This study was conducted to investigate health status of preschool children utilizing anthropometric values and serum biochemical indices. The subjects were 1,159 boys and 1,019 girls in Gumi day-care centers aged 4 to 6 years. The mean height and weight of 4, 5 and 6 year old children were 103.0 cm and 17.1 kg, 107.2 cm and 18.3 kg and 113.4 cm and 20.6 kg, respectively. By the obesity index criteria, 5% of boys and 4% of girls were obese:whereas 10% of boys and 9% of girls were underweight. By the Kaup index criteria, 7% of boys and 4% of girls were obese. By the percentage of body fat criteria, 5% of boys and girls were obese. The mean concentrations of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, Atherogenic Index and serum glucose were 154.1 - 156.5 mg/dL, 80.1 - 81.9 mg/dL, 46.8 - 47.4 mg/dL, 90.9 - 92.8 mg/dL, 2.34 - 2.39 and 76.4 - 77.8 mg/dL, respectively. Serum triglyceride level, AI and body fat percentage of obese children were significantly higher than other children and were significantly lower in HDL-cholesterol level (p < 0.05). In addition there were significant correlation between anthropometric values and serum biochemical indices:Kaup index and obesity index were positively correlated to the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in boys and girls (p < 0.01) and to the triglyceride concentration in boys (p < 0.05). These results indicate the need of developing and implementation of nutrition education program for preschool children to prevent further development of childhood obesity and to maintain normal serum lipid profiles.
Adipose Tissue ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Child ; Child, Preschool* ; Cholesterol ; Education ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Humans ; Obesity ; Pediatric Obesity ; Thinness ; Triglycerides

Bladder tumors initially may be diagnosed by excretory urography. In this study, 60 excretory urogramsincluding 40 cases of biopsy proved blaadder tumor and 20 cases of cystoscopically normal bladder were analyzed.Five experienced readers reviewed five radiographs of each case. The results were as follows: 1. Male to remaleratio was 5.7:1, and the highest incidence of age distribution was between 60 and 69 year with 48%. 2. The tumorswere chiefly located in lateral wall of bladder. (67%) 3. Among 40 cases, pathologic diagnosis was as follows:Transitional cell ca. 39 cases, and squamous cell ca. lcase. 4. The I.V.P. finding showed 82% of normal upperurinary tract, 13% of hydronephrosis, 5% of non-visualization, and 58% of filling defect in bladder. 5. Originalinterpretation of urogram was as follows: Of 40 cases with bladder ca., 45% as positive, 13% as suspicious, and38% as negative. Of 20 cases with normal, 95% as negative, and 5% as positive. 6. Analysis by this study was asfollows: Accuracy 68%, sensitivity 62%, specificity 80%, false positive rate 38%, and false negative rate 20%. 7.25 min A-P radiograph was most valuable projection and oblique projection did not significantly increasesensitivity.
Age Distribution ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Incidence ; Male ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder ; Urography

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute* ; Pregnant Women*

This study aims to investigate the effects of job characteristics and work on both organizational commitment and job satisfaction of the school foodservice dietitian for the purpose of providing information for quality improvement in productivity of school foodservice. The subjects were 401 school foodservice dietitians in Taegu and the Kyungpook area. The survey questionnaires consisted of five parts including demographic characteristics, job characteristics(JCI), work values, organizational commitment(OCQ) and job satisfaction(JDI). More than half of the subjects(65.3%) were between the age of 26 to 30 years. Seventy-one percent of the participants had bachelor's degrees and monthly wages of 83.2% ranged from 700,000 to 1,200,000 won. The education of thedietitians was found to have a significant relatinship with job satisfaction in all fields. Job characteristics such as feedback, job characcteristics such as job autonomy, feedback and friendship were positively correlated with job satisfaction. The group of dietitians with high work value scores for work as a central life interest had significantly high scores in organizational commitment(p<0.01) and overall job satisfaction(p<0.05). Job satisfaction such as work-itself, pay, supervision, promotion and co-workers were positively correlated with organizational commitment. According to the Lisrel program, organizational commitment was affected by educational level(-0.23). Job satisfaction was also affected by educational level(-0.18), autonomy(0.24), friendship(0.12), feedback(0.08), individualism(-0.07) and organizational commitment(0.44) directly. In conclusion, school foodservice dietitians may increase the level of their commitment to organization and job satisfaction by increasing autonomy, feedback adn friendship of job characteristics and work values.
Daegu ; Education ; Efficiency ; Friends ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction* ; Nutritionists* ; Organization and Administration ; Quality Improvement ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Fetal Death*

To evaluate the efficiency of the diabetes mellitus screening program, the records of screening examinations for general workers and official workers at a general hospital in Taegu city were analysed. Six alternatives of the diabetes mellitus screening program were compared in terms of cost-effectiveness. The screening program I which was already used in the examination for general workers, screening program II for official workers, alternative program (A) which was the same method as screening program I without urine sugar test for the second examination in a hospital, a1ternative program (B) with the test for fasting blood sugar (FBS) in a worksite, alternative program (C) with the test for postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) in a worksite, alternative program (D) with the first test for FBS and the second test for PPBS of negatives for FBS test in a worksite, alternative program (E) with the first test for PPBS and the second test for FBS of negatives for PPBS test, and alternative program (F) with the test for urine sugar in a worksite. To compare the cost-effectiveness between alternatives, the cost (Won) per positive detected for diabetes mellitus (cost-effectiveness ratio) was calculated. The cost per positive detected was 37,767 Won for screening program I, 50,441 for screening program II, 37,433 for alternative program (A) , 27,645 for alternative program (B), and if it was assumed that the positive rate for negatives of FBS would be 2.0 %, 28,541 for alternative program (C) , 35,458 for alternative program (D) , 38,488 for alternative program (E) . However, that for alternative program (F) was varied with the positive predictive value (PPV) of urine sugar test for diabetes. The cost per positive detected was lowest(18,689 Won) when PPV was 93 %, whereas, highest (88,106) when PPV was 20 %. The critical value of PPV was 64 %. The alternative program (F) was most efficient when PPV was 64% or more. Considering the prevalence for diabetes mellitus, PPV for urine suger test, and feasibility of screening examination, alternative program (B) will be proved as the most efficient screening program. In conclusion, either program (B) or program (F) will be the most efficient method for screening a large population depending on the positive predictive value of fasting urine suger test.
Blood Glucose ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Daegu ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Fasting ; Hospitals, General ; Mass Screening* ; Prevalence ; Workplace

This study was conducted to compare the nutrient intake, physical characteristics, and health status according to daily fruits and vegetables intake of adolescents using the Korean national health and nutrition examination survey for the sixth period (2013∼2015). Subjects were 1,096 adolescents aged 13∼18 years. The average daily intake of fruits and vegetables was 518.49±4.94 g. The two groups (insufficient, sufficient) were divided by fruits and vegetables intake (<500 g/day, ≥500 g/day) and the ratio of the insufficient group was 75.9% while that of the adequate group was 24.1%. The mean of intake of energy, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, thiamin, niacin, vitamin C and dietary fiber differed significantly between the insufficient and sufficient groups (P<0.01, P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in physical characteristics between groups. The self-perceived health status was better in the sufficient group (P<0.05), while the insufficient group was aware of more stress in their daily life (P<0.05). The serum triglyceride was significantly higher in the sufficient group (P<0.05), while the total cholesterol was lower (P<0.05). As the characteristics of fruits and vegetables are different, it will be necessary to determine standards for consumption of each type. It is also necessary to consider whether a fruits and vegetables intake of 500 g would be a reasonable standard for adolescents. Nevertheless, the results of this study indicate efforts to increase fruits and vegetables intake by young people are necessary.
Adolescent* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Dietary Fiber ; Fruit* ; Humans ; Iron ; Niacin ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Triglycerides ; Vegetables*

PURPOSE: It is known that single umbilical artery is frequently associated with gastrointestinal or urogenital anomaly, however, routine renal sonography has been debated in healthy neonate with isolated single umbilical artery. This study is designed to determine the usefulness of routine renal sonography in apparently healthy infants with an isolated single umbilical artery. METHODS: Thirty healthy neonates with a single umbilical artery without a major anomaly from January 1995 to July 2002 were enrolled. The authors investigated the clinical background of babies and their mothers after renal sonography after 72 hours of age. When the abnormalities were found at the first renal sonography, the severity of hydronephrosis and degree of obstruction and renal function were analyzed by follow up renal sonography, voiding cystourethrography(VCUG) and technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) scan or technetium-99m-mercaptoacetyl-triglycerine (MAG3) scan. RESULTS: Among the 30 healthy patients with isolated single umbilical artery, five patients(16.7%) showed abnormalities on first renal sonography with one major(3.3%) and four(13.4%) minor renal anomaly(minimal or mild hydroneohrosis). One major renal anomaly(severe hydronephrosis) showed severe decreased renal function on MAG3 scan without reflux, and the other four minor regressed spontaneously on follow up study. CONCLUSION: The value of routine early renal sonograpy for detecting renal anomaly in healthy infants with an isolated single umbilical artery remained unclear because most of the anomalies would regress spontaneously in the follow up study.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Screening* ; Mothers ; Single Umbilical Artery*