Various clinical and pathologic parameters in order to determine the prognosis of gastric carcinoma have been proposed. Among them "carcinoma with lymphoid stroma" has been proven to show good prognosis. But the criteria of lymphoid stroma in this condition remain vague and not clear. A total of 7 cases of gastric carcinoma with heavy lymphoid stromal response out of 947 surgically resected gastric carcinomas was reviwed with histotopographic analysis. They were all advanced carcinoma, Borrmann type I and II. Histologically, the lymphoid stromal response could be divided into three patterns; nodular (3 cases), diffuse (3 cases) and mixed (1 case). The nodular pattern was characterized by massive lymphoid cell infiltration with many follicle formation and little desmoplastic reaction, while the diffuse pattern showed diffuse permeative type of inflammatory cell infiltration with scarce lymphoid follicle formation and mild desmoplasia. Regional lymph node metastasis was found in 2 cases; one in diffused and another one in mixed pattern. The stromal reaction was not directly related with the depth of tumor invasion. We propoose that the term GCLS should be used in the cases of nodular pattern with complete follicle formation of lymphoid stroma.
Neoplasm Metastasis

PURPOSE: This study was to testify the effects on self esteem and spiritual well-being of holistic hospice nursing intervention program ("Rainbow program") for inpatients of hospice palliative care unit. This was designed as a preliminary experimental study with one-group pre-post test. METHODS: A total of 27 patients who were over 18 years old, and admitted in hospice palliative care unit of S hospital in P city, submitted informed consent for this study, participated in holistic hospice nursing intervention program(total 10 sessions and 1,200 minutes for 2 weeks) from April 6, 2004 to April 20, 2005. To test the effects of this intervention, Self Esteem Questionnaire (SEQ) and Spiritual Well-being Questionnaire were used. The collected data were analyzed by Paired t-test with SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. RESULTS: (1) Hypothesis No. 1 "The experimental group which received Rainbow program will have a higher degree of self esteem than before" was supported (t=11.554, P<0.001). (2) Hypothesis No. 2 "The experimental group which received Rainbow program will have a higher degree of spiritual well-being than before" was also supported (t=6.387, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: This Holistic Hospice Nursing Intervention Program was effective in increasing self-esteem and spiritual well-being of patients in hospice palliative care unit. Therefore, it can actively be used and also applied to hospice palliative care practice, research, and education as a useful model of interdisciplinary team approach by hospice professionals.
Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Hospices ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Inpatients ; Palliative Care ; Self Concept ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore and understand customized home visiting nurses' experiences in telephone visiting. METHODS: Qualitative data were collected from several discussions of 4 focus groups consisting of 20 customized home visiting nurses. All interviews were recorded and transcribed according to thematic content analysis processes. RESULTS: The five main themes on customized home visiting nurses' experiences of telephone visiting were 'greeting', 'counseling', 'using strategies', 'maintaining attitude for enhancing relations' and 'enduring difficulties'. The category of 'counseling' was composed of confirming, educating, supporting, adjusting, and indicating. And, the category of 'using strategies' included complimenting, scolding, persuading, compensating, and ignoring. CONCLUSION: Developing a standardized manual on telephone visiting is needed to guide an effective counseling. In order for a customized home visiting nurse to be a good telephone counselor, training of motivational interviewing is recommended.
Counseling ; Focus Groups ; House Calls* ; Motivational Interviewing ; Nurses, Community Health ; Telephone*

We have reviewed ovarian mature cystic teratomas with features of chronic thyroiditis that were diagnosed at the department of pathology, Seoul National University Hospital during 7 years, 1984-1991. Twenty three case(8%) containing thyroid tissue among 285 ovarian mature teratomas were available for histopathologic examination. Among these, 4 cases(1.4%) showed lymphocytic infiltration with lymphoid follicle formation. These four cases were examined according to the strict histologic criteria of autoimmune thyroiditis and reactive non-autoimmune thyroiditis for the purpose of differentiation of pathogenesis. Two cases were similar to autoimmune in nature and the other two cases simply seemed to reflect reactive features to adjacent stimulating elements. In conclusion, thyroid tissue present in ovarian cystic teratoma may have histologic features of chronic thyroiditis of either autoimmune or non-autoimmune origin.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe role conflict and job satisfaction of Neurosurgery Clinical Nurse Specialist(NCNS) and to identify associated factors. METHOD: The target populations was 77 NCNSs from 30 general hospitals. Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. RESULTS: The overall mean scores of role conflict and job satisfaction were 3.60(+/-0.54) and 3.04(+/-0.46) respectively. Significant variables affecting role conflict were the working period as NCNS, the number of colleague NCNSs in working hospital, and assignment of prescription rights. The significant variable affecting job satisfaction was assignment of prescription rights. There was no statistically significant correlation between job and role conflict. CONCLUSION: The variable effecting both role conflict and job satisfaction was the extent of prescription rights. In order to improve the quality of patient care and to protect Neurosurgery Nurse Clinical Specialist, the enactment of law on prescription practice is needed.
Health Services Needs and Demand ; Hospitals, General ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction* ; Jurisprudence ; Neurosurgery* ; Nurse Clinicians* ; Patient Care ; Prescriptions ; Specialization ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among percieved social support, hope and quality of life of the cancer patients and to gain the baseline data for development of nursing intervention program for promoting quality of life in cancer patients. The design of this study was a cross sectional correlational survey. The subjects were 20 out and in-cancer patients in 5 general hospitals in Pusan The data were collected from July 2 to August 1. 2001. The instruments were the Percieved social support scale(16 items, 5 point scale) had developed by Tae(1986), Hope scale(12 items, 4point scale) developed by Nowotny(1989) and Quality of life scale(31 items, 10 point scale) developed by Tae et al.(2000). The data was analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using frequency & percentage, item mean & standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA & Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study was as follows: 1) The item mean score of quality of life was 6.05+/-1.16 (range 0-10). The heighest score of subarea of the quality of life was the spiritual wellbeing area (7.09+/-1.63) and the lowest score was social wellbeing area(5.53+/-1.65), The mean score of perceived social support was 52.65+/-10.32 (the lowest 1, the highest 80). The mean score of family support was32.71+/-6.66 (range 1- 40) and the mean score of medical team support was 19.93+/-5.95 (range 1- 40), The mean score of Hope was 37.02+/-5.64 (range 1- 48). 2) There were statistically significant difference in the score of quality of life according to the life effect of religion(F=3.97, p=0.00), treatment method(F=2.94, p=0.01), area of diagnosis (F=3.48, p=0.01), stage of disease (F=13.74, p= 0.00). 3) There was significant correlation between perceived social support(r=0.44, p=0.000 ; family support: r=0.334, p=0.000, medical support; r=0.395, p=0.000), hope(r=0.563, p= 0.000) and quality of life. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship among perceived social support, hope and quality of life. Therefore perceived social support, hope intervention programs should be developed to improve the quality of life in cancer patients.
Busan ; Diagnosis ; Hope* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Nursing ; Quality of Life*

This study was undertaken to develop an instrument to be used for measuring the concept of quality of life of Korean patients with cancer multidimensionary and correctly. It can contribute in holistic nursing care for Korean cancer patients and also provide and validate basic data to help oncology nurses measure the outcome of nursing intervention correctly. To develop this instrument, the researchers first estabilished a conceptual framework based on the results of qualitative data analysis and indepth interview method Development of the scale was conducted using a method in which 31 items were assessed by subjects' self report using linear analogue scales. The subjects were 79 D.M. patients, 103 patients with acute illness, and 91 cancer patients residing in Busan, Korea. Data were collected during the period from July, 24 to August 14, 2000. This instrument consisted of 31 items with a self report scale. This instrument covered 4 dimensions of cancer patients : 1) physical wellbeing 2) psychological wellbeing 3) social wellbeing and 4)spiritual wellbeing. Each item had a possible score of 10. The reliability of the scale was tested with Cronbach's alpha. Validity was evaluated by examining the relationships of this scale, Youn's Quality of Life Questionnare scores and the Simple Quality of Life scale. Two separate runs of multiple regression were used to predict scores on the Simple Quality of Life measurement. Further validation was obtained by examining the correlation between the instrument subscores and Youn's Quality of Life measurement subscore for convergence of this scale. Examination of the discriminant. power of the instrument was done using ANOVA test. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The reliability of the instrument for the quality of life was 0.8321(Cronbach's alpha.), physical wellbeing dimension 0.6343, psychological wellbeing dimension 0.6501, spiritual wellbeing dimension 0.5883. 2. This instrument had a high correlation with Youn's Quality of Life measurement(r= 0.636) in cancer patients, whereas it had a low correlation with Simple Quality of Life measurement(r=0.455) in cancer patients. In the D.M. patients, the instrument correlated with both the Youn's Quality of Life measurement and Simple Quality of life measurement(r=0.313, r= 0.407) and in the acute stage patients, the instrument had no correlation. 3.Multiple regression of individual items on the Simple Quality of Life scores accounted for 56.8% of the variance in the Simple Quality of Life measurement, whereas, Youn's Quality of Life measurement scores accounts for 31.7%. 4. The correlations collected from the three group had the same patterns of variations but especially the instrument developed in this study had higher disciminant power than that of Youn's Quality of Life Measurement.
Busan ; Holistic Nursing ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing ; Quality of Life* ; Self Report ; Statistics as Topic ; Weights and Measures

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by histological findings of an immunoinflammatory destruction of small- and medium-sized bile ducts with progressive portal fibrosis, and the presence of anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA) with a laboratory evidence of chronic cholestasis. The term "autoimmune cholangitis" (AIC) is used for a disease with the clinical and pathologic features of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) but with negative AMA and positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) tests. Eight cases of AIC and ten cases of PBC were reviewed in order to determine whether there was any difference between two diseases in clinico-pathologic aspects. All of the patients were female and the mean ages of AIC and PBC patients were 48 and 47 years, respectively. ANA test was positive in six of ten PBC paients and their mean titer was lower than that of AIC patients. IgM level was significantly higher in PBC group than in AIC group. No significant difference was found between two groups with respect to biochemical and histopathological features. Since the only consistently distinguishing features between these two conditions are the autoantibody profile (AMA vs ANA) and immunoglobulin level (IgM), these two conditions might be part of a spectrum. PBC can be considered to be the same as AMA-positive AIC or alternatively AIC to be the same as AMA-negative PBC.
Bile Ducts ; Cholangitis* ; Cholestasis ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulins ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary*

This study was carried out to investigate among adolescents (total = 729) the relationship between their self-esteem, body-cathexis, their attitudes toward the importance of their bodies, their anthropometric characteristics, their perceptions of their body shapes and their experiences with weight control. The results are summarized as follows: The mean values for self-esteem and body-cathexis were generally low, but these values were significantly higher among boys than girls (p < 0.01 - 0.001). However the mean values for their attitudes toward the importance of their bodies were relatively high and were significantly higher among girls than boys (p < 0.01). The mean values for Percent Ideal Body Weight (PIBW) and Body Mass Index (BMI) were normal and no significant differences between the genders were observed. The distribution of the PIBW and the BMI values showed a higher rate for normal weights among the girlsand a higher rate for underweightedness and obesity among the boys (p < 0.01). With regard to their perception of their body image, among the boys, their current figures were almost identical with their idea of an ideal figure, but among the girls, their idea of an ideal figure was thinner than their current figure. The girls were more dissatisfied with their own body image than the boys (p < 0.001). Fifty-four percent of the subjects had previous weight control experience, and the girls had significantly more experience than the boys (p < 0.001). Their main reason for practising weight control was to lose weight (65.3%). Those who had more weight control experience had lower satisfaction with their body shapes, higher PIBW, higher BMIs or currently had fatter figures. Their standard image of their figures was influenced by TV (40.3%) and friends (36.9%). There was a weakly positive correlation between their self-esteem and their satisfaction with their body shapes, and a weakly negative correlation between their satisfaction with their body shapes and their attitudes toward the importance of their bodies. These results suggest the necessity for an educational program for adolescents as to foster a positive body image. Such a program should consider psychological factors such as selfesteem, satisfaction with body shape and attitudes toward the importance of the body
Adolescent* ; Body Image ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Ideal Body Weight ; Obesity ; Psychology ; Weights and Measures