No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Streptococcus pneumoniae* ; Streptococcus*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore and understand customized home visiting nurses' experiences in telephone visiting. METHODS: Qualitative data were collected from several discussions of 4 focus groups consisting of 20 customized home visiting nurses. All interviews were recorded and transcribed according to thematic content analysis processes. RESULTS: The five main themes on customized home visiting nurses' experiences of telephone visiting were 'greeting', 'counseling', 'using strategies', 'maintaining attitude for enhancing relations' and 'enduring difficulties'. The category of 'counseling' was composed of confirming, educating, supporting, adjusting, and indicating. And, the category of 'using strategies' included complimenting, scolding, persuading, compensating, and ignoring. CONCLUSION: Developing a standardized manual on telephone visiting is needed to guide an effective counseling. In order for a customized home visiting nurse to be a good telephone counselor, training of motivational interviewing is recommended.
Counseling ; Focus Groups ; House Calls* ; Motivational Interviewing ; Nurses, Community Health ; Telephone*

Primary small cell carcinoma of the salivary gland is a rare neoplasm that accounts for approximately 1.8% of all primary major salivary gland malignancies. Because of its rarity, it is difficult to diagnose small cell carcinoma of the parotid gland by fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC). We experienced a case of primary small cell carcinoma of the parotid gland in a 72-year-old woman who presented with two palpable masses of the left infraauricular and ocular regions of two to three month's duration, respectively. Aspirate smears from the left infraauricular area were highly cellular on necrotic and lymphocytic background and showed individually dispersed cells or three-dimensional clusters of small cells. The tumor cells were round to oval with a very high nucleocytoplasmic ratio. Nuclei were about two times the size of lymphocytes and had uniformly dispersed but hyperchromatic to pyknotic chromatin. Nucleoli were occasionally visible but were generally inconspicuous. Numerous mitotic figures were detected. The clusters of these small tumor cells exhibited angular nuclear molding, irregular nuclear outlines, and occasionally rosette like arrangement. The tumor was confirmed by histology and immunohistochemistry.
Aged ; Animals ; Benzodiazepines* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Chromatin ; Female ; Fungi ; Humans ; Immobilization* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphocytes ; Parotid Gland ; Rats* ; Receptors, GABA-A* ; Salivary Glands ; Thyroid Gland

This study was conducted to compare the nutrient intake, physical characteristics, and health status according to daily fruits and vegetables intake of adolescents using the Korean national health and nutrition examination survey for the sixth period (2013∼2015). Subjects were 1,096 adolescents aged 13∼18 years. The average daily intake of fruits and vegetables was 518.49±4.94 g. The two groups (insufficient, sufficient) were divided by fruits and vegetables intake (<500 g/day, ≥500 g/day) and the ratio of the insufficient group was 75.9% while that of the adequate group was 24.1%. The mean of intake of energy, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, thiamin, niacin, vitamin C and dietary fiber differed significantly between the insufficient and sufficient groups (P<0.01, P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in physical characteristics between groups. The self-perceived health status was better in the sufficient group (P<0.05), while the insufficient group was aware of more stress in their daily life (P<0.05). The serum triglyceride was significantly higher in the sufficient group (P<0.05), while the total cholesterol was lower (P<0.05). As the characteristics of fruits and vegetables are different, it will be necessary to determine standards for consumption of each type. It is also necessary to consider whether a fruits and vegetables intake of 500 g would be a reasonable standard for adolescents. Nevertheless, the results of this study indicate efforts to increase fruits and vegetables intake by young people are necessary.
Adolescent* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Dietary Fiber ; Fruit* ; Humans ; Iron ; Niacin ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Triglycerides ; Vegetables*

A totally implanted venous access system was inserted in 19 children with cancer. The devices were utilized for the administration of antineoplastic drugs, parenteral fluids, antibiotics, and blood products. Total duration of implantation was 4,046 days for 23 implanted system (range 7-445 days). Complications included cather infection (0.247/100 catheter days), occlusion (0.692/100 catheter days), and dislodgement of needle (0.643/100 catheter days). There were major complications that necessitated removal of catheters, including systemic infections (0.09/100 catheter days) and complete occlusions (0.09/100 catheter days). The system was thought to be safe and convenient in chemotherapy, and permitted full physical activity.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Catheters ; Child* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; Needles ; Prospective Studies*

A 35-years-old man was hospitalized with gene-ralized edema. 6 months ago, the patient was operated by radical subtotal gastrectomy for advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. The patient presented with multiple liver metastasis and the massive proteinuria. The patients renal biopsy revealed minimal change nephrotic syndrome and treated with prednisolone and diuretics. The patient was improved clinical symptome and decreased 24 hours urine protein. In literature reviewed, gastric carcinoma was not associated with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. We experienced advanced gastric carcinoma associated with minimal change nephrotic syndrome, thus we report it.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Biopsy ; Diuretics ; Edema ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Liver* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Nephrosis, Lipoid* ; Prednisolone ; Proteinuria

Pulmonary edema is a potentially life-threatening complication of acute airway obstruction. Occasionally, patients experience sudden, unexpected and severe pulmonary edema during treatment of upper airway obstruction. Two forms of postobstructive pulmonary edema (POPE) have been identified. Type I POPE follows a sudden, severe episode of upper airway obstruction and type II POPE develops soon after the relief of chronic upper airway obstruction. The pathogenesis of POPE is multifactorial. The application of moderate continuous positive airway pressure in conjunction with the administration of diuretics usually clears pulmonary edema in these clinical settings within 24 hours. Awareness of this uncommon condition is crucial for the otolaryngologist to make an early diagnosis and initiate successful treatment. We present two cases of postobstructive pulmonary edema after treatment for upper airway obstruction.
Airway Obstruction ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Diuretics ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Pulmonary Edema*

BACKGROUND: Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are the most common infections in developed countries and are the major reasons for the consumption of medicines including antibiotics. In Korea, antibiotics and glucocorticoids were dispensed by pharmacies without prescriptions before July 2000, when the dispensation of antibiotics without doctor's prescriptions was prohibited. The objective of this study is to investigate the rate of antibiotic dispensation by pharmacies for the treatment of common cold and to identify the dispensing pattern for URI management in 2005, i.e., 5 years after the establishment of the prohibition policy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In August 2005, medical students visited 90 drugstores in three cities (Seoul, Chonan, and Chunchun) and received medications for the treatment of illnesses that simulate the common cold, i.e., rhinorrhea and nasal stuffiness that had lasted for one day and were not accompanied by fever. The components of the dispensed medicines were identified by pharmacists at a university hospital. RESULTS: All the components of the dispensed medicines were identifiable in 85 cases (94.4%), and the mean number of medicines was 1.36 (S.D.+/-0.724); no difference was observed among the three cities. The antibiotics ampicillin and chloramphenicol were identified in two pharmacies in Seoul and Chunchun, respectively. Glucocorticoids were not dispensed in any case, and a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug was dispensed in only one case. Compound medicines are increasingly used as cold remedies; the components of the most frequently dispensed medicine were acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine, and pseudoephedrine. Herbal medicines were also frequently included in cold remedies (38.9%); licorice (30%) and ginger (26%) were the two most frequently used medicinal herbs. CONCLUSION: There was a marked decrease in the dispensation of antimicrobials, glucocorticoids, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs without doctor's prescriptions. Chloramphenicol continued to be dispensed as a URI medication. Increased use of compound and herbal medicines as cold remedies suggests a need for the evaluation of the additional benefits of herbal medicines, their adverse effects, and the drug interactions between herbal and conventional medicines.
Acetaminophen ; Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chloramphenicol ; Chlorpheniramine ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Common Cold* ; Developed Countries ; Drug Interactions ; Fever ; Gangwon-do ; Ginger ; Glucocorticoids ; Glycyrrhiza ; Herbal Medicine ; Humans ; Korea ; Pharmacies* ; Pharmacists ; Plants, Medicinal ; Prescriptions ; Pseudoephedrine ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Seoul ; Students, Medical

BACKGROUND: Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are the most common infections in developed countries and are the major reasons for the consumption of medicines including antibiotics. In Korea, antibiotics and glucocorticoids were dispensed by pharmacies without prescriptions before July 2000, when the dispensation of antibiotics without doctor's prescriptions was prohibited. The objective of this study is to investigate the rate of antibiotic dispensation by pharmacies for the treatment of common cold and to identify the dispensing pattern for URI management in 2005, i.e., 5 years after the establishment of the prohibition policy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In August 2005, medical students visited 90 drugstores in three cities (Seoul, Chonan, and Chunchun) and received medications for the treatment of illnesses that simulate the common cold, i.e., rhinorrhea and nasal stuffiness that had lasted for one day and were not accompanied by fever. The components of the dispensed medicines were identified by pharmacists at a university hospital. RESULTS: All the components of the dispensed medicines were identifiable in 85 cases (94.4%), and the mean number of medicines was 1.36 (S.D.+/-0.724); no difference was observed among the three cities. The antibiotics ampicillin and chloramphenicol were identified in two pharmacies in Seoul and Chunchun, respectively. Glucocorticoids were not dispensed in any case, and a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug was dispensed in only one case. Compound medicines are increasingly used as cold remedies; the components of the most frequently dispensed medicine were acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine, and pseudoephedrine. Herbal medicines were also frequently included in cold remedies (38.9%); licorice (30%) and ginger (26%) were the two most frequently used medicinal herbs. CONCLUSION: There was a marked decrease in the dispensation of antimicrobials, glucocorticoids, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs without doctor's prescriptions. Chloramphenicol continued to be dispensed as a URI medication. Increased use of compound and herbal medicines as cold remedies suggests a need for the evaluation of the additional benefits of herbal medicines, their adverse effects, and the drug interactions between herbal and conventional medicines.
Acetaminophen ; Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chloramphenicol ; Chlorpheniramine ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Common Cold* ; Developed Countries ; Drug Interactions ; Fever ; Gangwon-do ; Ginger ; Glucocorticoids ; Glycyrrhiza ; Herbal Medicine ; Humans ; Korea ; Pharmacies* ; Pharmacists ; Plants, Medicinal ; Prescriptions ; Pseudoephedrine ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Seoul ; Students, Medical

Wegener's granulomatosis is a very rare autoimmune disease that forms inflammatory granulomas of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and causes necrotizing vasculitis by invading small vessels. Its etiology is uncertain, but antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) is thought to play an important role in causing the inflammatory granuloma formation and vasculitis. The detection of ANCA is a valuable finding in diagnosing Wegener's granulomatosis. However, in the limited type of Wegener's granulomatosis, which lacks accompanying constitutional symptoms, the diagnostic value of ANCA is minimal, requiring careful interpretation of ANCA-negativity. We report a case diagnosed as limited-type Wegener's granulomatosis through repeated biopsies despite ANCA negativity.
Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Biopsy ; Granuloma ; Respiratory System ; Vasculitis ; Wegener Granulomatosis