The propose of this study was to propose for protection of childhood injury or accident and to provide safety measures. Data was collected from 2,052 who visited emergency room of E University Hospital during 1 year period form January to December, 1996. The results were as follows : 1. The most common type of accident was fall down (53.4%). 2. Male patients outnumbered female by the ratio of 1.68 : 1. 3. The highest incidence rate of accidents were observed in children between 1-3 years age group(34.9%). 4. Accidents were seasonally more frequent in spring(28.2%). 5. Accidents mainly took place at home(63%). 6. The time of accidental occurrence appeared to be predominantly high during a day 8:00 PM to 0:00 AM(35.1%). 7. The most frequent involved part of body was head and face(74%). 8. Most patients discharged from the hospital in good condition(85.4%). Though clinical analysis, in the relation to accident, there were statistically significant difference in sex, age, season, injury place(all=0.000).
Child ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Seasons ; Child Health

PURPOSE: To investigate nutritional status of inpatients by using subjective. and objective evaluation methods and to find the relationship between them. METHOD: The subjects were 101 inpatients with medical health problems at a university hospital. Nutritional status was evaluated by the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and physical assessment including percentage of weight loss, serum albumin, hemogloin, and hematocrit. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, Kendall's tau. RESULTS: Grouping by the SGA, 61.4% were classified as severe malnutrition group. When applying the objective methods{physical assessment). 1.9~42.6% were diagnosed as malnutrition each item. The percentage of weight loss during previous 1-6month(r=.43~.54. P=.0001), serum albumin(r=-.26, P=.0003), hemoglobin of male(r=-.38, P=.0001), and hematocrit of male(r=-.34, P=.0001) were significantly correlated with SGA score. The coincidence rate of nutrition evaluation between the objective methods and SGA were 27.7 35.6%, 20.8%, 47.5%, 58.4% in percentage of weight loss, albumin, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. CONCLUSION: These findings showed a majority of inpatients were exposed to the risk of malnutrition. We recommend to evaluate inpatients' nutritional status periodically and to develop nursing intervention to solve their nutritional problems.
Hematocrit ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Malnutrition ; Nursing ; Nutritional Status* ; Serum Albumin ; Weight Loss

Antioxidant enzymes levels were determined in monocytes during phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced differentiation. PMA induced the differentiation of a human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 into macrophage-like cells as indicated by activity of acid phosphatase and morphological changes. The level of Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) was selectively increased in PMA-treated THP-1 cells after one day of culture, while the levels of Cu/Zn-SOD and catalase were progressively decreased by Western blot analysis. In contrast, levels of Cu/Zn-SOD and catalase protein and enzyme activitiy remained unchanged in THP-1 cells after transforming growth factor-p, treatment. Cu/Zn-SOD is oxidatively inactivated by exposure to H,O, which is produced by PMA-treated THP-1 cells, and then the inactivated enzyme undergoes proteolysis and fragmentation as analyzed by radiolabeled method. Thus monocytes have a coordinated system for synthesis and degradation of antioxidant enzymes during PMA-induced differentiation.
Acid Phosphatase ; Blotting, Western ; Catalase ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Monocytes* ; Proteolysis ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

PURPOSE: To examine the effects of power walking exercise on fatigue and overweight in college students with Taeumin constitution. METHODS: According to results of the constitution diagnosis (QSCC II), 58 students who were identified as Taeumin, whose BMI was over 23 were assigned to one of three groups. The power walking group walked fast at a speed of 7,000 steps per hour using a pedometer, and the walking group walked at a speed of 5,000 steps per hour. There was no treatment with control group. Each group's fatigue level, blood lipids and body composition before and after the experiment were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: Total fatigue and total cholesterol decreased significantly in the power walking group compared to the walking group and the control group. Weight decreased significantly in the power walking group compared to the control group, and percentage of body fat decreased significantly in both the power walking group and the walking group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: When power walking exercise was used with overweight Taeumin students, fatigue, blood lipid, weight and percentage of body fat decreased significantly.
Adipose Tissue ; Body Composition ; Cholesterol ; Constitution and Bylaws ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Overweight ; Walking

BACKGROUND: It is well known that neuronal degeneration can occur after a brief deprivation of energy source. To investigate whether glial astrocyte can induce a phenomenon of delayed cell death after transient energy loss and to see how different are the effects of nifedipine, lidocaine, carnosine and hypothermia on delayed toxicity in astrocyte. METHODS: Human astrocytoma cells (U1242MG) were used in this study. To assess the astrocyte survival during post-ischemic period after transient histotoxic hypoxia, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5, diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test was used. Compared to MTT test, tryphan blue test was also used to demonstrate membrane damage of affected cells. Studies on intracellular calcium dynamics during ischemic and post-ischemic period were carried out with fluo-3 and flow cytometry system. RESULTS: The percentage survival of astrocyte during post-ischemic period was decreasing with time. Calcium channel blocker nifedipine, sodium and calcium channel blocker lidocaine and free radical scavenger carnosine could not prevent post-ischemic cell damage. But, hypothermia was only an effective method in ameliorating post-ischemic cell death. Intracellular calcium increase during ischemia and post-ischemia was dependent on extracellular calcium influx. CONCLUSIONS: Only hypothermia was effective in reducing astrocyte death during post-ischemia after transient energy depletion. Intracellular calcium alterations during post-ischemia was from extracellular space.
Anoxia* ; Astrocytes* ; Astrocytoma ; Calcium ; Calcium Channels ; Carnosine ; Cell Death ; Extracellular Space ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Hypothermia* ; Ischemia ; Lidocaine ; Membranes ; Neurons ; Nifedipine ; Sodium

Demacre', a new topical steroid cream containing 0.025% beclomethasone dipropionate, was used in several kinds of dermatoses. Total 35 patients including ll cases of contact dermatitis, 5 of atopic dermatitis, 3 of hand eczema, 3 of seborrheic dermatitis, 2 of neurodermatitis, 2 of nummular eczema, 2 of autosensitization dermatitis, 1 of chronic eczema, 3 of psoriasis, 1 of insect bite, 1 of miliaria rubra, and 1 of intertrigo were treated by Demacre'. Among these patients, we observed excellent effects in 4 patients (11%), good effects in 22 patients (63%), and fair effects in 3 patients (9%). Namely, among these 35 patients, 26 patients (74%) revealed excellent to good therapeutic effects on their skin conditions with Demacre'. No untoward side effects were noted in all subjects treated with Demacre.
Beclomethasone ; Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Dermatitis, Seborrheic ; Eczema ; Hand ; Humans ; Insect Bites and Stings ; Intertrigo ; Miliaria ; Neurodermatitis ; Psoriasis ; Skin ; Skin Diseases*

Pigmented contact dermatitis, firstly reported by Dr. Osmudsen in 1970, is a disease result from recurrent contact dermatitis due to hypersensitivity to cosmetic companents, which produces secondary bizarre dark brown hyperpigmentation. Histological examination of this condition reveals liquefaction degeneration of the basal cells of the epidermis and melanophages in the upper dermis. However, this entity has not been reported in the Korean literature until now. We report three cases of pigmented contact dermatitis which were diagnosed by the histological examinations and the patch tests.
Dermatitis, Contact* ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Hyperpigmentation ; Hypersensitivity ; Patch Tests

A Listeria monocytogenes infection is relatively rare in healthy adults. However, the chance of an infection increases almost 17 times in pregnancy due to changes in the immune function. A Listeria monocytogenes infection results in characteristic gross and microscopic features in the placenta, including multiple yellowish nodules showing microscopic intervillous abscess and intervillositis. We describe the placental findings of a Listeria monocytogenes infection that was complicated by maternal sepsis, myocarditis and congestive heart failure. The infection was discovered in the 34th week of a twin gestation in a 28 year-old woman. This case should emphasize the importance of this condition to pathologists. Antibiotic treatment was started based on the placental histologic findings before a maternal blood culture confirmed growth of Listeria monocytogenes. Both the mother and twin babies were healthy at the time of this report.
Abscess ; Adult ; Female ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Listeria monocytogenes* ; Listeria* ; Mothers ; Myocarditis ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin* ; Sepsis

We reviewed 35 patients who received an operation for the Spondylolisthesis from July 1980 to July 1985. The follow-up period between operation and evaluation was at least 14 months and average 32 months. we obtained the following results. 1. The age distribution was from 23 years of age to 70 years of age and the prevalent decade was at the 5th. 2. Sex difference showed male 9 cases and female 26 cases, that is, female preponderance about 3 times. 3. 24 cases were isthmic type and 11 cases were degenerative type. The ratio between isthmic type and degenerative type was about 2: l. 4. Isthmic type was found at the 4th and 5th decades frequently and degenerative type was at 5th and 6th decade frequently. 5. The displacement between L4 and L5 was 21 cases and the displacement between L5 and sacrum was 14 cases. 6. In isthmic type, the displacement between L4 and L5 was 11 cases and the displacement between L5 and sacrum was 13 cases. In degenerative type, the displacement between L4 and L5 was 10 cases and the displacement between L5 and sacrum was 1 case. So the isthmic defect occurred at 2 levels almost equally and degonerative type occurred at L4-5 predominantly. 7. Overall results are excellent 2 cases(6%), good 29 cases(82%), fair 2 cases(6%), and poor 2 cases (6%).
Age Distribution ; Clinical Study ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Sacrum ; Sex Characteristics ; Spondylolisthesis

No abstract available.
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9