One hundred fifty-seven patients wha underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for FIGO stage IB and IIA carcinoma of the cervix between February l975 and May 1987 were retros-pectively analysed to identify specific risk factors associsted with treatment failures. Prognostic factors inciuded clinical stage, histologic cell type, degree of differentiation, size of primary tumor, depth of stromal invasian, lymph-vaseular space invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Treatment results were evaluated according to the recurrence rate and 2-year absolute recurrence-free survival(NED) rate by the prognostie faetors and treatment modalities. Patients with lymph node me tases had a significantly higher incidence of bulky primary(-> 4cm), depth of stromal invasion(> 60% thickness), and lymph-vascular invasion(P<0.005). There was significant difference in the recurrence rate and 2-year, NED rate between cervical carcinoma stage IB and I1A(P <0.005). The pat,ients who had bulky primary tum~or(>4cm) and/or depth of stromal invasion (>60% thickness) had a higher recurrence and lower 2-year NKD rate(P<0.025, P<0.005), Unfortunately, it was not possible to demonstrate that these detrimentel effects could be overeorne by postoperetive radiation. When adjoined for these risk group, traditionally reported poor prognostic factors such as nodal metatasis, cell type and differentiation, lyrnphi-vascular mvasion assume less importance in our studies. In this study, prognosis is most inf1ueneed by clinical stage, depth of stromal invasion, and size of primary tumor,
Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Incidence ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Failure*

No abstract available.
Osteochondroma*

No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.
Deoxyglucose* ; Shock*

Intrathecal administration of methotrexate(IT-MTX) has constituted the standard approach to prophylaxis and treatment of central nevous system(CNS) leukemia. We experienced a quadriplegia and motor aphasia in a 14-year-old boy following repeated IT-MTX for the prophylaxis of meningeal leukemia. He was diagnosed as ALL without CNS involvement and treated by CCG- 1882 protocol. IT-MTX was administered for CNS prophylaxis. The patient began complaining of urinary incontinence, motor aphasia and weakness in his right leg from 12 days after the 5th dose of the IT-MTX therapy. Even though the IT-MTX was discontinued, loss of muscle power progressed upward resulting in quadriplegia. The patient showed slow and partial recovery on right extremities over 3 months. We report this case with brief review of literature.
Adolescent ; Aphasia, Broca* ; Extremities ; Humans ; Leg ; Leukemia ; Male ; Methotrexate* ; Quadriplegia* ; Urinary Incontinence

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the relations among gratitude, depression, and psychological well-being among clinical nurses. METHODS: The participants were 411 clinical nurses, working in U city. Data were collected during the four months, April to June, 2012. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. RESULTS: The mean scores for gratitude and psychological well-being were above average. The mean score for depression presented a probable depression level. Psychological well-being in clinical nurses was significantly correlated with gratitude (r=.55, p<.001) and depression (r=-.62, p<.001). The significant predictors of psychological well-being for clinical nurses were depression (beta=-.47, p<.001) and gratitude (beta=.34, p<.001), which explained 48.0% of the variance in psychological well-being. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that it is necessary to develop depression reduction and gratitude enhancement programs to improve the psychological well-being of clinical nurses.
Depression*

No abstract available.
Thioctic Acid*

PURPOSE: Many studies from the past have indicated that women tend to have lower self- esteem than men. This cross-sectional study looks for this tendency in a medical school in Korea, where men are still thought to comprise much of a dominating force despite the current growth in number of female students in student body. Along with the cross-examination of possible gender difference in self-esteem, the significant and relevant factors will also be sought and discussed. METHODS: Questionnaires were obtained from 202 junior and senior students (125 male and 77 female students) in a medical school in Korea. Self-esteem was determined using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (reliability = 86% in our study). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine gender difference in self-esteem and statistical relevance in each covariate. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in self-esteem between male and female medical students. Significant factors related to self-esteem include school rank, physical attractiveness, and depression, among which of them, depression was the strongest. CONCLUSION: Innate limitation of cross-sectional studies and evaluation of selected junior and senior students of a single medical school could possibly explain for the absence of gender difference in self-esteem in this study. Academic achievement and physical attractiveness are shown to be positive factors for self-esteem, while depression puts negative force in one's self-esteem.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Schools, Medical ; Students, Medical* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: p53 gene mutations, one of the most common alterations found in human tumors, has also been detected in gastric carcinoma, and shown to have a crucial and early role in gastric carcinogenesis of intestinal type and mainly associated with tumor progression in the cancer of diffuse type. We tried to investigate the frequency of p53 mutations in 27 gastric carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fresh tumor tissue from a series of gastric carcinoma was screened for p53 mutations by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) with silver staining and confirmed by direct-sequencing in 27 cases of gastric carcinoma. Immunohistochemical method for p53 protein accumulation was also performed in the same cases. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry revealed 20 of 27 cases of gastric carcinoma, positive for p53. PCR-SSCP analysis of p53 exons 5-8 detected mobility shift in 4 out of 20 p53-positive tumors; three from exon 5 and the other from exon 7, respectively. DNA sequencing of exon 5 showed CGC to CAC point mutation in one of three cases; exon 7, ATC to AAC point mutation. It seemed that there was no correlation between genetic alterations of p53 gene detected by PCR-SSCP and expression of p53 protein by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIOAS: Our results suggest that mutations of the p53 gene are rare genetic events in carcinogenesis of gastric carcinomas. There was discrepancy between mutations screened by PCR-SSCP and overexpressions in immunohistochemical staining.
Carcinogenesis ; Exons ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational* ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Silver Staining