PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop and implement a case-based small group learning program on the care of children with infectious disease, and to examine its effects on knowledge, attitude and preventive practice behaviors of daycare center teachers compared to a control group. METHODS: Based on the need assessment, the case-based learning program for the management of infectious children was developed. For this quasi-experimental study, 69 teachers were recruited from 14 child daycare centers in a city located in J province. Thirty four teachers were assigned to experimental group and participated in the case-based small group learning once a week for 5 weeks. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program to perform chi2-test and t-tests. Analysis of covariance was used to treat the covariate of the number of assigned children between experimental and control groups. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significantly higher posttest scores in knowledge, attitude and preventive practice behaviors than those of control group (p<.001). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that case-based small group learning is an effective educational strategy for daycare center teachers to learn infection management through the emphasis of self-reflection and discussion.
Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Attitude to Health ; Case-Control Studies ; Child Day Care Centers ; Child, Preschool ; Communicable Disease Control/*standards ; Faculty ; Female ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Infant ; *Program Development ; Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate psychological capital, sense of community and stress in relation to school adjustment and to identify factors influencing school adjustment in middle school students. METHODS: This study population consisted of 150 middle school students. Data were analyzed using t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean score for school adjustment in middle school students was 3.68 out of 5 points. School adjustment explained 34% of the variance in sense of community (β=.39, p < .001), positive psychological capital (β=.35, p < .001), academic performance (β=.26, p < .001), and stress (β=−.21, p < .001). CONCLUSION: The results of our research suggest that sense of community is an important variable influencing school adjustment in middle school students. Therefore, to promote school adjustment in middle school students, it is necessary to develop and implement active educational strategies promoting sense of community, positive psychological capital, academic perfomance, and controlling stress.
Adolescent ; Humans

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Entecavir is a synthetic nucleoside analogue, cyclopentyl guanine nucleoside, which has a potent antiviral effect and the least viral breakthrough in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Entecavir has been available in Korea since 2007 but there are few reports on its effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the virological response (VR) and biochemical response (BR) to entecavir in HBV patients at 3, 6 and 9 months after treatment with entecavir. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three chronic hepatitis B patients who took entecavir for at least 9 months were enrolled. We investigated VR and BR by retrospectively reviewing medical records. Patients who satisfied the following criteria were chosen: 1) initial alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels = 1.5upper limit of normal (ULN) and 2) initial HBV DNA levels = 5 log10 copies/ml. We measured ALT levels every 3 months until month 9. HBV DNA was measured every 2 or 3 months by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS: Most patients taking entecavir showed good BR (ALT < 40 IU/L). The BR rates were 61%, 73% and 67% at months 3, 6 and 9, respectively. VR (HBV DNA < 5 log(10) copies/ml or 2 log lower than initial HBV DNA) rates were 82%, 91% and 91% at months 3, 6 and 9, respectively. Undetectable HBV DNA (HBV DNA < 4 log(10) copies/ml) rates were 49%, 73% and 85% at months 3, 6 and 9, respectively. Two patients presented with virological breakthrough without adverse effects until month 9. CONCLUSIONS: Entecavir showed good BR and VR from month 3 and these effects continued through the 9-month observation period. This suggests that entecavir is also a good choice for the first line treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Further studies are needed to determine the long-term efficacy and drug resistance of entecavir in Korean CHB patients.
Alanine Transaminase ; DNA ; Drug Resistance ; Guanine ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.

This study examined foodservice management performance in child-care centers and suggests ways in which meal service quality can be improved. Questionnaires were distributed to 51 child-care facilities. The majority of respondents were facility directors (dietitians) and their facility type was tax-paid (92.2%). The dietitian response rate was 51.0%, and the majority (96.2%) were hired with co-management status, visiting a facility once a week (76.0%). Only 52.1% of the facilities had menu planning by a dietitian, and improvements were needed in terms of planning menus with standardized recipes, especially for infant meals. The monthly food cost per child was 47,394 won, and the labor cost for a co-management dietitian was 3,670 won per child, indicating 21.8% and 1.8% of the tuition fee, respectively. Other necessary improvements included: more reliable food purchasing management, securing additional foodservice equipment, and better sanitation management. In addition, respondents rated the following as requirements to ensure high quality meal service: 'modernized foodservice equipment and facilities', 'government financial support', and 'information on nutrition and foodservice management provided by dietitians'. Based on the study results, the following are recommendations for improving meal service quality in child-care centers: Dietitian placement should be extended to facilities of over 50-capacity in addition to their current placement in facilities of over 100-capacity, and co-management dietitians should have their control span restricted to two facilities instead of five. Finally, nationwide nutrition support plans and nutrition education programs should be developed and implemented by dietitians, and their roles should be extended to foodservice mangers as well as nutrition teachers.
Child ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Dietary Sucrose ; Fees and Charges ; Humans ; Infant ; Meals ; Menu Planning ; Sanitation

Two distinct hantaviruses have been isolated from Apodemus agrarius in 1976 and Rattus norvegicus in 1980 in Korea. Since our serosurveys conducted in 1994, a genetically distinct hantavirus from Apodemus peninsulae has been investigated. To isolate hantavirus from A. peninsulae captured in Korea, the lung homogenate of seropositive A. peninsulae inoculted Vero E6 cells. Viral antigen was detected in a progressively higher percentage of cells with subsequent passage after 80 days postinoculation. The new isolate from seropositive Apodemus peninsulae was designated Suchong virus after Suchong valley located in northeastern region of South Korea. Comparing with hantaan virus 76-118 strain, Suchong virus-1, 2, 3 and 4 showed the similarity of 71.0~91.8% at nucleotide and 90.9~94.8% at amino acid sequences in 231 nucleotides region of M segment, and the similarity of 75.1~81.0% at nucleotide and 97.5~100% at amino acid sequences in 237 nucleotides of S segment.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Hantaan virus ; Hantavirus* ; Korea ; Lung ; Murinae* ; Nucleotides ; Population Characteristics* ; Rats

PURPOSE: Pressure garment is the most effective tool in treatment of burn scar hypertrophy. But most patients feel discomfort to pressure garment. So tubular compressive bandage (TCB; Tubifast™) is widely used as a substitute. We checked daily pressure of tubular pressure bandage for 6 days and tried to find out the proper use. METHODS: Three doctors and two nurses were included in this study. They wore the TCB on both arms. One arm worn with one layer and the other arm with two layers. For six days, we checked the average pressure on arm and forearm with Picopress®. We used the SPSS (PASW statistics 18) as a statistics. RESULTS: During the first three days the pressure was markedly declined on both arm and forearm when with two layers. After then the pressure showed plateau. But one layer showed slow and continuous declining. The plateau pressure was above 10 mmHg with two layers and below 7 mmHg with one layer. CONCLUSION: Wearing the tubular compressive bandage (TCB; Tubifast™) is better with two layers than one layer and must be changed it in every 4 days.
Arm ; Bandages* ; Burns ; Cicatrix ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Clothing ; Forearm ; Humans ; Hypertrophy

BACKGROUND: Mutations of p53 gene, rarely found in leukemia, result in accumulation of mutated p53 protein in the nuclei of tumor cells, which can be detected by immunohistochemistry. Lately, anti-p53 antibodies were found in the sera of patients who had solid tumors as a result of immune response to accumulation of mutated p53 protein in tumor cells. METHODS: For investigation of the clinical implication of cellular p53 protein overexpression and serum p53 antibody, immunohistochemical staining for p53 protein of B-5 fixed paraffin embedded bone marrow biopsies and enzyme immunoassay for the presence of anti-p53 antibodies of sera were performed simultanously; in 58 cases of AML, 34 cases of ALL, 11 cases of acute leukemia at relapse, 13 cases of CML in chronic phase and 5 cases of CLL. RESULTS: Overexpression of p53 protein was found in 9.1%(11/121) of all leukemias, with 8.6% of AML with predominance of M6, 5.9% of ALL, 18.2% of acute leukemia at relapse and 40% of CLL, but not found in CML. Serum anti-p53 antibodies were found in 5.8%(7/121) of all leukemias, with 6.9% of AML and 5.9% of ALL, 9.1% of acute leukemia at relapse, but not found in chronic leukemias. In AML and ALL, age, sex, hemoglobin, leukocyte count, platelet count and blast % were not related with p53 protein expression. The AML patients with p53 protein overexpression have more unfavorable karyotypes(complex karyotype, -5, -7 and t(10;11)), with shorter overall survival as compared to those without p53 protein overexpression. The presence of serum anti-p53 antibodies was not related with clinical findings of leukemias. CONCLUSIONS: The indications are that p53 gene alterations will contribute to disease development and progression in some specific patients with leukemia, due to the rare frequency of overexpression of p53 protein and serum anti-p53 antibodies in leukemia. Analysis of the p53 protein and serum p53 antibodies could screen p53 gene mutation and predict prognosis for some leukemias.
Antibodies* ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Immunohistochemistry ; Karyotype ; Leukemia* ; Leukocyte Count ; Paraffin ; Platelet Count ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

Malignant mixed mullerian tumor of the ovary are very aggressive tumors that were usually diagnosed at an older age. They are usually at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis, and survival after diagnosis varies by stage of disease and histological type. Despite aggressive treatment that includes surgery and chemotherapy, women with these tumors have a significantly increased risk of death giving them a very poor prognosis. The poor prognosis associated with this rare disease represents a need to new therapeutic regimens to improve patients' survival. We experienced two cases of primary malignant mixed mullerian tumor of the ovary.
Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Ovary* ; Prognosis ; Rare Diseases

Focal nodular hyperplvasia (FNH) is a rare benign hepatic tumor that likely represents a local hyperplastic response of hepatocytes to a congenital vascular anomaly. FNH is typically asymtomatic and has a benign course. Hepatic resection is performed when the lesions are large, symptomatic and complicated or when the diagnosis remains uncertain. Although many cases of FNH in children have been described to date in other countries, only one Korean case of multiple FNH has been reported on English literature. We recently experienced a rare case of multiple FNH in a 10-year-old boy, that was confirmed by right inferior subsegmentectomy, left lateral segmentectomy and left medial tumorectomy. We report this case with brief review of literature.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia* ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Liver* ; Male ; Mastectomy, Segmental