PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop and implement a case-based small group learning program on the care of children with infectious disease, and to examine its effects on knowledge, attitude and preventive practice behaviors of daycare center teachers compared to a control group. METHODS: Based on the need assessment, the case-based learning program for the management of infectious children was developed. For this quasi-experimental study, 69 teachers were recruited from 14 child daycare centers in a city located in J province. Thirty four teachers were assigned to experimental group and participated in the case-based small group learning once a week for 5 weeks. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program to perform chi2-test and t-tests. Analysis of covariance was used to treat the covariate of the number of assigned children between experimental and control groups. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significantly higher posttest scores in knowledge, attitude and preventive practice behaviors than those of control group (p<.001). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that case-based small group learning is an effective educational strategy for daycare center teachers to learn infection management through the emphasis of self-reflection and discussion.
Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Attitude to Health ; Case-Control Studies ; Child Day Care Centers ; Child, Preschool ; Communicable Disease Control/*standards ; Faculty ; Female ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Infant ; *Program Development ; Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate psychological capital, sense of community and stress in relation to school adjustment and to identify factors influencing school adjustment in middle school students. METHODS: This study population consisted of 150 middle school students. Data were analyzed using t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean score for school adjustment in middle school students was 3.68 out of 5 points. School adjustment explained 34% of the variance in sense of community (β=.39, p < .001), positive psychological capital (β=.35, p < .001), academic performance (β=.26, p < .001), and stress (β=−.21, p < .001). CONCLUSION: The results of our research suggest that sense of community is an important variable influencing school adjustment in middle school students. Therefore, to promote school adjustment in middle school students, it is necessary to develop and implement active educational strategies promoting sense of community, positive psychological capital, academic perfomance, and controlling stress.
Adolescent ; Humans

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Entecavir is a synthetic nucleoside analogue, cyclopentyl guanine nucleoside, which has a potent antiviral effect and the least viral breakthrough in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Entecavir has been available in Korea since 2007 but there are few reports on its effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the virological response (VR) and biochemical response (BR) to entecavir in HBV patients at 3, 6 and 9 months after treatment with entecavir. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three chronic hepatitis B patients who took entecavir for at least 9 months were enrolled. We investigated VR and BR by retrospectively reviewing medical records. Patients who satisfied the following criteria were chosen: 1) initial alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels = 1.5upper limit of normal (ULN) and 2) initial HBV DNA levels = 5 log10 copies/ml. We measured ALT levels every 3 months until month 9. HBV DNA was measured every 2 or 3 months by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS: Most patients taking entecavir showed good BR (ALT < 40 IU/L). The BR rates were 61%, 73% and 67% at months 3, 6 and 9, respectively. VR (HBV DNA < 5 log(10) copies/ml or 2 log lower than initial HBV DNA) rates were 82%, 91% and 91% at months 3, 6 and 9, respectively. Undetectable HBV DNA (HBV DNA < 4 log(10) copies/ml) rates were 49%, 73% and 85% at months 3, 6 and 9, respectively. Two patients presented with virological breakthrough without adverse effects until month 9. CONCLUSIONS: Entecavir showed good BR and VR from month 3 and these effects continued through the 9-month observation period. This suggests that entecavir is also a good choice for the first line treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Further studies are needed to determine the long-term efficacy and drug resistance of entecavir in Korean CHB patients.
Alanine Transaminase ; DNA ; Drug Resistance ; Guanine ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.

This study examined foodservice management performance in child-care centers and suggests ways in which meal service quality can be improved. Questionnaires were distributed to 51 child-care facilities. The majority of respondents were facility directors (dietitians) and their facility type was tax-paid (92.2%). The dietitian response rate was 51.0%, and the majority (96.2%) were hired with co-management status, visiting a facility once a week (76.0%). Only 52.1% of the facilities had menu planning by a dietitian, and improvements were needed in terms of planning menus with standardized recipes, especially for infant meals. The monthly food cost per child was 47,394 won, and the labor cost for a co-management dietitian was 3,670 won per child, indicating 21.8% and 1.8% of the tuition fee, respectively. Other necessary improvements included: more reliable food purchasing management, securing additional foodservice equipment, and better sanitation management. In addition, respondents rated the following as requirements to ensure high quality meal service: 'modernized foodservice equipment and facilities', 'government financial support', and 'information on nutrition and foodservice management provided by dietitians'. Based on the study results, the following are recommendations for improving meal service quality in child-care centers: Dietitian placement should be extended to facilities of over 50-capacity in addition to their current placement in facilities of over 100-capacity, and co-management dietitians should have their control span restricted to two facilities instead of five. Finally, nationwide nutrition support plans and nutrition education programs should be developed and implemented by dietitians, and their roles should be extended to foodservice mangers as well as nutrition teachers.
Child ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Dietary Sucrose ; Fees and Charges ; Humans ; Infant ; Meals ; Menu Planning ; Sanitation

Two distinct hantaviruses have been isolated from Apodemus agrarius in 1976 and Rattus norvegicus in 1980 in Korea. Since our serosurveys conducted in 1994, a genetically distinct hantavirus from Apodemus peninsulae has been investigated. To isolate hantavirus from A. peninsulae captured in Korea, the lung homogenate of seropositive A. peninsulae inoculted Vero E6 cells. Viral antigen was detected in a progressively higher percentage of cells with subsequent passage after 80 days postinoculation. The new isolate from seropositive Apodemus peninsulae was designated Suchong virus after Suchong valley located in northeastern region of South Korea. Comparing with hantaan virus 76-118 strain, Suchong virus-1, 2, 3 and 4 showed the similarity of 71.0~91.8% at nucleotide and 90.9~94.8% at amino acid sequences in 231 nucleotides region of M segment, and the similarity of 75.1~81.0% at nucleotide and 97.5~100% at amino acid sequences in 237 nucleotides of S segment.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Hantaan virus ; Hantavirus* ; Korea ; Lung ; Murinae* ; Nucleotides ; Population Characteristics* ; Rats

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is characterized by large numbers of adenomatous polyps in the colon and inherited as an autosomal dominant disease. Gardner's syndrome is a form of FAP accompanied by extra-colonic tumors and desmoid tumors. Desmoid tumors are rare, and benign tumors characterized by fibroblastic proliferation of fascial and musculoaponeurotic components. There is an approximate 1,000 times higher incidence of desmoid tumors in patients with FAP compared with the general population. Desmoid tumors in Gardner's syndrome occur in the small bowel mesentery in 80% of all cases, and the other 20% in the abdominal wall or the extremities. Almost all cases of desmoid tumors in Gardner's syndrome were incidentally found after prophylactic total proctocolectomy for colon cancer prevention in the patients with FAP. We report a case of Gardner's syndrome associated with codon 1099 mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene, in which the patient was initially found to have desmoid tumors and subsequently diagnosed as FAP by screening colonoscopy.
Abdominal Wall ; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli ; Adenomatous Polyps ; Codon ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colonoscopy ; Extremities ; Fibroblasts ; Fibromatosis, Aggressive ; Gardner Syndrome ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mass Screening ; Mesentery

Malignant mixed mullerian tumor of the ovary are very aggressive tumors that were usually diagnosed at an older age. They are usually at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis, and survival after diagnosis varies by stage of disease and histological type. Despite aggressive treatment that includes surgery and chemotherapy, women with these tumors have a significantly increased risk of death giving them a very poor prognosis. The poor prognosis associated with this rare disease represents a need to new therapeutic regimens to improve patients' survival. We experienced two cases of primary malignant mixed mullerian tumor of the ovary.
Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Ovary* ; Prognosis ; Rare Diseases

The p53 gene, which resides on the short arm of chromosome 17, has been described as a tumor suppressor gene playing a role of G1 checkpoint monitering DNA damage, but mutation of this gene has been shown in numerous types of human cancers. The nm23-H1 gene encodes human NDP(nucleotide diphosphate) kinase. The expression of nm23-H1 gene was postulated to inversely correlate with metastatic potential of malignant tumors. We examined immunohistochemical expression in 30 cases of stomach cancers including 10 cases each of early gastric cancers(EGC), advanced gastric cancers without lymph node involvement, and advanced gastric cancers with lymph node involvement, which were stained with mouse monoclonal antibody of p53(PB53-12) and nm23-H1. Positive nuclear staining of p53 was frequently found in advanced gastric cancers with lymph node involvement (80%). The lymph node positive group showed high expression of p53(80%), and low expression of nm23-Hl(30%) than lymph node negative group. There was no significant correlation of p53 and nm23-H1 expression with tumor size, invasion depth, TNM stages, distant metastasis and histologic differentiation. Based on the present study, the expression of p53 and down regulation of nm23-H1 are thought to be correlated with tumor progression and lymph node involvement, and may be a useful prognostic factor in gastric cancers.
Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Genes, p53

PURPOSE: We'd like to evaluate the relationship between the degree of cardiac damage and that of cardiac function according to the total injected dose of doxorubicin. METHODS: 12 rabbits(body weight : 2.0-3.2 kg) were used and 30 mg/m2/week of doxorubicin hydrochloride was injected intravenously. The cardiac function was checked under anesthesia, after which the thorax was opened and cardiac samples were evaluated with light and electron microscopics. RESULTS: Regardless of total injected dose of doxorubicin, there was no difference between the general appearance, sizes and thickness of both atria and ventricles of doxorubicin injected rabbits and those of normal control. The rabbits with total cumulative dose <180 mg/m2 showed no differences with the rabbits of normal control in the cardiac histology. The rabbits with cumulative doses of 210 mg/m2 had an increased number of vacuoles in the interspaces of the myofibrils and glucogen granules in myocytes. The rabbits with the cumulative dose of 240 mg/m2 had focal necrosis and degeneration of myocytes with fibrous cells infiltration. The rabbits with cumulative doses of 300 mg/m2 demonstrated severe and diffuse degenerations with markedly decreased numbers of myocytes and increased intracellular vacuoles. All the rabbits with total cumulative doses <240 mg/m2 showed no difference in the aortic pressure, left ventricular(LV) maximal dP/dt and left ventricular end diastolic pressure(LVEDP) compared to normal control. The rabbit with total cumulative doses of 300 mg/m2 showed no difference in the aortic pressure and LV maximal dP/ dt, but revealed significantly elevated LVEDP compared to normal control. CONCLUSION: These results showed doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity is dose related and may be certain at total cumulative dose >200 mg/m2, although cardiac function is normal.
Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Doxorubicin* ; Muscle Cells ; Myofibrils ; Necrosis ; Rabbits* ; Thorax ; Vacuoles ; Ventricular Function, Left*