This study investigated the effect of nutritional improvement of 1-5 year children participated in NutriPlus program. The program was carried out at Public health Center, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon from March 2009 to April 2011. The subjects were selected among applicants for low-income family financing of the government and included 90 children and their parents. they were divided into 2 groups (less than 6 months and more than 6 months of participation in the study). We analyzed the effects of NutriPlus program and nutrition education in both study groups. The results of this study were summarized as follows: The number of children with less than 10th percentile in height and weight and weight for height was decreased. The anemia prevalence rate was reduced from 64.4% to 8.9%. NAR value of subjects increased for energy, protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C. The education program improved knowledge and attitude of the parents. In nutrition knowledge according to the income level, there were greater changes in the group of less than 100% compared to the subsistence. In nutrition attitude according to the education level, there were greater changes in the group of middle school graduates than in high school graduates or college graduates. There were no difference between less than 6 months group and more than 6 months group in improvement of hemoglobin level, anthropometric data and nutrients intakes. Based on these results, we conclude that providing supplementary food to children and nutrition education brought positive effects on growth of the children.
Anemia ; Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Child ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Iron ; Niacin ; Nutritional Status ; Parents ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Riboflavin ; Vitamin A

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate nurses' clinical competence and its relationship with perception of and compliance with standard precautions. METHODS: From January 12 to January 20, 2011, a total of 134 nurses working at a university hospital in Gyeonggi province completed a structured questionnaire on clinical competence and perception of and compliance with standard precautions. The data were analyzed with independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation analysis. RESULTS: The mean score for clinical competence was 3.53, and showed significant differences according to age, gender, education level, marital status, monthly income, and years of experience. The mean scores for perception of and compliance with standard precautions were 4.67 and 4.00 respectively. Perception of standard precautions showed a significant difference according to years of experience. There were significant positive correlations among clinical competence and perception (r=0.234, P=0.007), clinical competence and compliance (r=0.363, P<0.001), and perception and compliance (r=0.406, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: To improve nurses' compliance with standard precautions educational and administrative policies to improve clinical competence should be considered.
Clinical Competence ; Compliance ; Infection Control ; Marital Status

No abstract available.
Hazardous Substances* ; Occupations* ; Skin*

As the incidence of dermographism in our urticaria clinie is quite high comparing data in other country, we have tried to survey the incidence of ermographism in the general population of Korea using a dermographic tester designed by other author. Total 8g7 healthy persons were included in this study from March J98$ to .December 1983. The study result was summarized as follows, 1. Male to female ratio was 2. 5: 1 and the peak age of the subjects was third(47 8%), fourth and fith decades in ecreasing order, The overall incidence of dermographisrn from the pressure of 48ppg/cm was 4.4% and there were no significa.nt difference in the incidences between male(4, 2%) and female(4 7%) (p>0. 1), and between the different age groups(p>0 l)
Female ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Korea ; Male ; Urticaria

One hundred fifty-seven patients wha underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for FIGO stage IB and IIA carcinoma of the cervix between February l975 and May 1987 were retros-pectively analysed to identify specific risk factors associsted with treatment failures. Prognostic factors inciuded clinical stage, histologic cell type, degree of differentiation, size of primary tumor, depth of stromal invasian, lymph-vaseular space invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Treatment results were evaluated according to the recurrence rate and 2-year absolute recurrence-free survival(NED) rate by the prognostie faetors and treatment modalities. Patients with lymph node me tases had a significantly higher incidence of bulky primary(-> 4cm), depth of stromal invasion(> 60% thickness), and lymph-vascular invasion(P<0.005). There was significant difference in the recurrence rate and 2-year, NED rate between cervical carcinoma stage IB and I1A(P <0.005). The pat,ients who had bulky primary tum~or(>4cm) and/or depth of stromal invasion (>60% thickness) had a higher recurrence and lower 2-year NKD rate(P<0.025, P<0.005), Unfortunately, it was not possible to demonstrate that these detrimentel effects could be overeorne by postoperetive radiation. When adjoined for these risk group, traditionally reported poor prognostic factors such as nodal metatasis, cell type and differentiation, lyrnphi-vascular mvasion assume less importance in our studies. In this study, prognosis is most inf1ueneed by clinical stage, depth of stromal invasion, and size of primary tumor,
Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Incidence ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Failure*

No abstract available.
Osteochondroma*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the attitude of persons with an mental disability to marriage. METHODS: The Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the individual's subjectivity was used. The 30 participants classified 36 selected Q-statements on a 9 point scale to make a normal distribution. The collected data was analyzed by a PC Quanl Program. RESULTS: Four types of attitude of persons with an mental disability to marriage were identified. Type I: Actively supportive-resistant against social bias, Type II: Passively supportive-reliant on others, Type III: Intensively desiring-less sense of reality, Type IV: Controlling desire-more sense of reality. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest a need develop a variety of programs specifically designed for each type of attitude to change attitudes to marriage for persons with an mental disability.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Humans ; Marriage* ; Mentally Disabled Persons

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have documented increased release of endothelin(ET) during acute attack of asthma. The purpose of this study is to observe the link between plasma level and urinary excretion of each and changes during acute exacerbation. METHOD: Plasma and 24 hour urine were collected from sixteen asthmatics during acute exacerbation, twice ; first day of symptomatic exacerbation and two weeks after treatment. Controls were ten healthy normal subjects. All patients were treated with corticosteroid and beta-2 adrenergic agonist on admission. ET was determined by radioimmmunoassay and had 100% cross reactivity with ET-1, 67% with ET-2, 84% with ET-3, and 8% with Big-ET. RESULTS: Plasma ETs were significantly elevated during acute attack of asthma compared with those in remission and controls. However, there was no significant changes in urine ET concentrations or total ET amounts in 24 hour urine during exacerbation upto two weeks. Those levels of urine ET in asthmatics were still higher than controls. ET concentrations in plasma or urine were not correlated with pulmonary functional parameters and hypoxemia. CONCLUSION: The findings suggests that increased plasma ETs are related with exaggerated release during acute asthma. Urinary ET excretion is increased in asthma. However, urine ET changes during exacerbation should be observed in a larger and longer scale.
Adrenergic Agonists ; Anoxia ; Asthma* ; Endothelin-2 ; Endothelins* ; Humans ; Plasma*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the relations among gratitude, depression, and psychological well-being among clinical nurses. METHODS: The participants were 411 clinical nurses, working in U city. Data were collected during the four months, April to June, 2012. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. RESULTS: The mean scores for gratitude and psychological well-being were above average. The mean score for depression presented a probable depression level. Psychological well-being in clinical nurses was significantly correlated with gratitude (r=.55, p<.001) and depression (r=-.62, p<.001). The significant predictors of psychological well-being for clinical nurses were depression (beta=-.47, p<.001) and gratitude (beta=.34, p<.001), which explained 48.0% of the variance in psychological well-being. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that it is necessary to develop depression reduction and gratitude enhancement programs to improve the psychological well-being of clinical nurses.
Depression*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide a critical assessment of evidence-based Korean pediatric research that can inform clinical practicability of, and future research on distraction interventions for pediatric procedural pain management. METHODS: A critical review of evidence-based Korean pediatric research was conducted. Databases were searched to identify research that included an evaluation of a distraction intervention as an intervention for pediatric procedural pain management. The search yielded 68 studies. RESULTS: From these studies, 14 were included for this review and all were recently published (2003-2014). Quasi experimental designs were most frequently used (n=12) and for 71.4% the focus was preschoolers. Audiovisual techniques were the most common form of distraction. In most studies clinical utility of the distraction intervention was not examined. Fairly consistent reductions in behavioral measures of pain in association with the distraction intervention were found but less consistent results were found for physiological measures. CONCLUSION: Lack of methodological rigor limits the evidence for distraction interventions to reduce pain and fear experienced by children during painful procedures. Further research to analyze the cost and time-effectiveness and to identify consumer and provider satisfaction with distraction interventions is needed to determine whether distraction interventions are clinically relevant.
Child* ; Humans ; Pain Management ; Research Design