PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and the relationships among PMS, perfection, and anxiety in nursing college students and general college students. METHODS: The questionnaire survey was carried out with a convenience sample of 215 college students. The MDQ (Menstrual Distress Questionnaire), APS-R (Almost Perfect Scale-Revised), STAI (State and Trait Anxiety Inventory) were used. The data were collected from June to October, 2011. Data analysis included frequency, chi2-test, t-test, and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: There were significant differences in PMS and perfection but there not in anxiety between nursing college students and general college students. There were significant correlations among PMS, perfection and anxiety in nursing college students, and there were significant correlations among PMS and anxiety in general college students but not significant correlations among PMS and perfection. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that to provide effective interventions for PMS in college students, it is necessary to design nursing interventions that consider perfection and anxiety.
Anxiety* ; Female ; Humans ; Menstruation ; Nursing ; Premenstrual Syndrome* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Statistics as Topic

This study was conducted to assess needs of self-management nutrition program for diabetic patients. The survey was conducted among 100 diabetic patients, and the mean age of the subjects was 54.2 years old. Thirty three percent of the subjects were diagnosed diabetes less than 2 years ago. The average nutrition knowledge score about diabetes was 10.2 point, and percentages of correct answers were very high in 'foods rich in fiber' (97.0%), 'relevance of exercise and insulin' (97.0%), 'quantity of insulin injection' (91.0%), and 'diabetes menu' (91.0%). The sources of nutrition information were hospitals/healthcare centers (56.1%), TV/radio (19.2%), and internet (13.1%). Sixty nine percent of the subjects have experienced nutrition education on subjects as 'menu planning skills' (22.4%), 'selecting foods' (22.4%), 'relevance of blood glucose and eating foods' (21.5%) by personal counseling (54.4%). The total score of eating behavior was higher after diagnosed diabetes (35.3) than before (30.0) (p < 0.001). The preferred topics in developing diabetes nutrition information websites were 'diabetes mellitus', 'relevance of blood glucose and foods', and 'selecting foods for diabetes'. The subjects wanted the websites developed by 'using mainly illustrations, pictures, tables' (22.8%) and 'using simple design' (19.6%). The preferred contents in developing diabetes self-management nutrition program were 'dietary life diagnosis', 'chronic disease risk diagnosis', 'calorie control by selecting foods and cooking skills', and 'dietary assessment'. In designing the program, the subjects' most wanted designs were 'be handy and simple in using' (29.3%), 'using simple design' (17.9%), and 'using mainly illustrations, pictures, tables' (15.7%).
Blood Glucose ; Cooking ; Counseling ; Eating ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Insulin ; Internet ; Needs Assessment ; Self Care

Background: Periodontitis is reported to be associated with preterm birth (spontaneous preterm labor and birth). Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is common during pregnancy and is expected to be related to periodontitis. However, little research has been done on the association among preterm birth, GERD and periodontitis. This study uses popular machine learning methods for analyzing preterm birth, GERD and periodontitis. Methods: Data came from Anam Hospital in Seoul, Korea, with 731 obstetric patients during January 5, 1995 - August 28, 2018. Six machine learning methods were applied and compared for the prediction of preterm birth. Variable importance, the effect of a variable on model performance, was used for identifying major determinants of preterm birth. Results: In terms of accuracy, the random forest (0.8681) was similar with logistic regression (0.8736). Based on variable importance from the random forest, major determinants of preterm birth are delivery and pregestational body mass indexes (BMI) (0.1426 and 0.1215), age (0.1211), parity (0.0868), predelivery systolic and diastolic blood pressure (0.0809 and 0.0763), twin (0.0476), education (0.0332) as well as infant sex (0.0331), prior preterm birth (0.0290), progesterone medication history (0.0279), upper gastrointestinal tract symptom (0.0274), GERD (0.0242), Helicobacter pylori (0.0151), region (0.0139), calcium-channel-blocker medication history (0.0135) and gestational diabetes mellitus (0.0130). Periodontitis ranked 22nd (0.0084). Conclusion GERD is more important than periodontitis for predicting and preventing preterm birth. For preventing preterm birth, preventive measures for hypertension, GERD and diabetes mellitus would be needed alongside the promotion of effective BMI management and appropriate progesterone and calcium-channel-blocker medications.

Chronic constipation has been successfully treated with specific medications and bio-feedback therapy. Surgical manipulation for this condition can be an option when non-surgical interventions fail. We report here on a patient who was diagnosed as having intractable chronic constipation with hypoganglionosis. The patient was a 60 year-old male with the history of seizure and diabetes. This patient did not gain any clinical benefits from non-surgical regimens. Therefore, we performed a laparoscopically assisted total colectomy with J-pouch ileorectal anastomosis on this patient. The patient recovered from the surgery without complications and he had normal bowel functions. The postoperative anatomical pathology revealed a hypogaglionosis. In conclusion, a laparoscopically assisted total colectomy for a patient with intractable chronic constipation with hypoganglionosis is a good option and it may be a curative method.
Colectomy ; Colonic Pouches ; Constipation ; Humans ; Male ; Seizures

Diabetes mellitus (DM) can accompany many musculoskeletal (MSK) diseases. It is difficult to distinguish the DM-related MSK diseases based on clinical symptoms alone. Sonography is frequently used as a first imaging study for these MSK symptoms and is helpful to differentiate the various DM-related MSK diseases. This pictorial essay focuses on sonographic findings of various MSK diseases that can occur in diabetic patients.
Adult ; Cellulitis/ultrasonography ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications ; Diabetic Neuropathies/ultrasonography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Musculoskeletal Diseases/complications/*diagnosis/ultrasonography ; Pyomyositis/microbiology/ultrasonography ; Tenosynovitis/microbiology/ultrasonography ; Vascular Diseases/ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether an early bone marrow edema pattern predicts vertebral deformity types and prognosis in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled 64 patients with 75 acute OVCFs who underwent early MRI and followed up MRI. On early MRI, the low SI pattern of OVCF on T1WI were assessed and classified into 3 types (diffuse, globular or patchy, band-like). On followed up MRI, the vertebral deformity types (anterior wedge, biconcave, crush), degree of vertebral body height loss, incidence of vertebral osteonecrosis and spinal stenosis were assessed for each vertebral fracture types. RESULTS: According to the early bone marrow edema pattern on T1WI, 26 vertebrae were type 1, 14 vertebrae were type 2 and 35 vertebrae were type 3. On followed up MRI, the crush-type vertebral deformity was most frequent among the type 1 OVCFs, the biconcave-type vertebral deformity was most frequent among the type 2 OVCFs and the anterior wedge-type vertebral deformity was most frequent among the type 3 OVCFs (p<0.001). In addition, type 1 early bone marrow edema pattern of OVCF on T1WI were associated with higher incidence of severe degree vertebral body height loss, vertebral osteonecrosis and spinal stenosis on the follow up MRI. CONCLUSION: Early bone marrow edema pattern of OVCF on T1WI, significant correlated with vertebral deformity types on the follow up MRI. The severe degree of vertebral height loss, vertebral osteonecrosis, and spinal stenosis were more frequent in patients with diffuse low SI pattern.
Body Height ; Bone Marrow* ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Edema* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Compression* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Osteonecrosis ; Osteoporosis ; Prognosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine

PURPOSE: Pain is the most common and influential symptom in cancer patients. Few studies concerning pain intensity in the terminally ill cancer patients have been done. This study aimed to identify factors related with more than moderate pain. METHODS: This study used secondary data of 162 terminal cancer inpatients at the palliative ward of six training hospitals in Korea. Physician-assessed pain assessment was by 10 point numeric rating scale. Substantial pain was defined more than moderate intensity by the Korean National Guideline for cancer pain. The Korean version of the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory was self-administered to assess symptoms. Survival prediction was estimated by the attending physicians at the time of admission. RESULTS: Less than six weeks of predicted survival and more than numeric rating of six for worst drowsiness in the previous 24 h were significantly related to substantial pain (P=0.012 and P=0.046, respectively). The dose of opioid analgesics was positively related to substantial pain (P=0.004). CONCLUSION: Factors positively related to substantial pain were less than six weeks of predicted survival and considerable drowsiness. Careful monitoring and active preparation for pain are required in terminal cancer patients having those factors.
Analgesics, Opioid ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Pain Measurement ; Sleep Stages ; Terminally Ill

BACKGROUND: Fatigue is one of the common chief complaints in primary care setting. It causes disability in daily activity and lowers quality of life. This study was intended to investigate the information about fatigue useful in outpatient clinic. METHODS: The data was obtained from the Korean Health and Nutrition Survey 2001. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between self- reported fatigue and several factors including sociodemographic factors, life style factors, stress, depression, and worry about health. RESULTS: The prevalence of fatigue was low in unmarried status, more significantly in men when compared with those in married status. No significant association was found between fatigue and occupation, education level, monthly income, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The risk of fatigue in the exercising group more than 4 times per week was significantly low in women. The risk of fatigue in the group of sleeping duration less than 5 hours was significantly higher than the group of sleeping more than 9 hours. Compared with unemployed state, the daily working duration of more than 9 hours increased the risk for fatigue significantly. Stress perception, sadness or depression during the past 1 year and worry about health were strongly associated with fatigue. CONCLUSION: When evaluating and managing patients with fatigue, we should search for information about the patients' lifestyle such as exercise, daily work hours, sleeping as well as stress perception and depressive mood. Especially among the lifestyle, inquiring about regular exercise and promoting it may be important in order to manage patients with fatigue.
Alcohol Drinking ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Depression ; Education ; Fatigue* ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Occupations ; Prevalence ; Primary Health Care ; Quality of Life ; Single Person ; Smoke ; Smoking

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a risk factor for progression to chronic kidney disease, with even subclinical AKI episodes progressing to chronic kidney disease. Several risk factors such as preexisting kidney disease, hyperglycemia, and hypertension may aggravate renal disease after AKI. However, mechanisms underlying the progression of AKI are still unclear. This study identified the effect of human cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) overexpression on the progression of folic acid-induced AKI. METHODS: Pax8–rtTA/tetracycline response element–human CD36 transgenic mice were used to elucidate the effect of human CD36 overexpression in the proximal tubules on folic acid-induced AKI. RESULTS: Results of histological analysis showed severely dilated tubules with casts and albuminuria in folic acid-treated transgenic mice overexpressing human CD36 compared with folic acid-treated wild-type mice. In addition, analysis of mRNA expression showed a significant increase in the collagen 3a1 gene in folic acid-treated transgenic mice overexpressing human CD 36 compared with folic acid-treated wild type mice. CONCLUSION: Human CD36-overexpressing transgenic mice showed severe pathological changes and albuminuria compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, mRNA expression of the collagen 3a1 gene increased in folic acid-treated transgenic mice. These results suggest that human CD36 overexpression is a risk factor of AKI and its progression to chronic kidney disease.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Albuminuria ; Animals ; Collagen ; Fibrosis ; Folic Acid ; Humans* ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypertension ; Kidney Diseases ; Mice* ; Mice, Transgenic ; Renal Insufficiency ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Risk Factors ; RNA, Messenger

BACKGROUND: Flow cytometric measurement of DNA can reveal G0/G1, S, G2/M phases of cell cycle, and BrdU labeling can determine the percentage of cells in active DNA synthesis. A monoclonal antibody (MoAb), Ki-67, recognizes a protein that is present only in the nucleus of cycling cells but absent in resting cells. We analyzed whether the resting and the proliferating fraction could be differentiated by double staining with Ki-67 MoAb and propidium iodide (PI), and observed the effects of GM-CSF on cell cycle in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells by Ki-67 MoAb. METHODS: Blast cells were prepared from 9 AML patients. The cells were incubated for 48 hours with or without GM-CSF. Cells were stained with BrdU/PI and Ki-67/PI. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The average fraction of G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases was 84.6%, 10.9%, and 4.5 % by BrdU/PI and 87.8%, 8.6%, and 3.7% by Ki-67/PI, respectively. Ki-67/PI staining dis-criminated between G0 and G1 phases and the average was 71.5% and 16.3%, respectively. In cells incubated with GM-CSF, BrdU/ PI method showed that the average S phase fraction (SPF) significantly increased from 10.9 to 16.2% (P=0.01) and the fraction of G0/G1 phase decreased from 84.6% to 78.4% (P= .02). Ki-67/PI method showed that the median SPF significantly increased from 8.6% to 13.7% (P=0.05) and G0 fraction decreased from 71.5% to 58.1% (P=0.02) but G1 fraction increased from 16.3% to 22.3% (P=0.01). CONCLUSION: Cell cycle analysis by Ki-67 MoAb and PI in AML is rapid and simple. It is especially useful to determine the growth fraction and G0 fraction compared to BrdU/PI staining.
Bromodeoxyuridine ; Cell Cycle* ; DNA ; Flow Cytometry ; G0 Phase ; G1 Phase ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* ; Propidium ; S Phase