This erratum is being published to revise the website address of the Korean Reference Genome Database (KRGDB) and correct two typographical errors in the article.

Septo-optic dysplasia, as first described by de Morsier, is a rare developmental anomaly of absent or hypoplastic septum pellucidum, a primitive optic vesicle, and dysplasia of the optic nerve, chiasm, and optic tracts. It is a common cause of hypopituitarism in children and has variable hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. We experienced a case of septo-optic dysplasia in 5 month old female baby who presented with developmental delay and seizure. A magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed absence of the septum pellucidum and the fundoscopic examination disclosed the absence of left optic disc and atrophy of right optic disc.
Atrophy ; Brain ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hypopituitarism ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Optic Nerve ; Seizures ; Septo-Optic Dysplasia* ; Septum Pellucidum ; Visual Pathways

Eating ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Mandibular Fractures ; Respiration ; Tooth ; Violence

The standard treatment of adult femoral shaft fractures is the closed intramedullary nailing using a fracture table, but in polytraumatized patients, this method may be difficult due to concomitant adjacent injury. So, we report on the technique of closed intramedullary nailing without a fracture table for adult femoral shaft fracture using "joystick" technique on radiolucent table in supine position. Among 15 cases, two were open fractures, three were proximal 1/3, seven were middle 1/3, two were distal 1/3, and theree were segmental fractures. According to the Winquist Hansen classification, five type I, four type II, three type III, three were type IV. The eleven patients out of the fifteen were operated within 48 hours. The average operation time was 105 minutes, and the amount of bleeding was below 300cc. Forty-seven percent was anatomically reduced, forty percent had below five degree of angular deformity or below five milimeter of shortening, thirteen percent had above five degree of angular deformity of above five milimeter of shortening. The closed intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures without fracture table using radiolucent table and "joy stick" technique is an effective and safe method in multiple injuries. And it reduced the operation time by reducing the preoperation time including preparing of a fracture table.
Adult ; Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Femoral Fractures ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Open ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Methods ; Multiple Trauma ; Supine Position

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BACKGROUND: Post-intubation injury is known to be the most common cause of tracheal stenosis. Treatment strategy for tracheal stenosis varies accoring to the extent of pathologic lesion. Focal mucosal lesion can be treated with laser photoablation, but full thickness tracheal lesion should be treated with resection and anastomosis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From Aptil 1998 to May 1999, twelve patients suffering from tracheal stenosis as a complication of endotracheal intubation were managed by resection and end-to-end anastomosis in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital. RESULT: There was no operative mortality. Five temporary vocal cord paralysis and one wound infection occurred as early complications. During 18 months of follow-up, re-stenosis was not found. CONCLUSION: Tracheal resection and anastomosis can be considered as an excellent surgical treatment for tracheal stenosis which developed as a complication of endotracheal intubation.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Mortality ; Tracheal Stenosis* ; Vocal Cord Paralysis ; Wound Infection

Medicolegal autopsy is a vital tool for obtaining reliable injury mortality data. This study statistically analyzed data obtained from medicolegal autopsies performed in Korea in 2013. The aim of this study was to analyze various aspects of the 4,861 deaths that were categorized as unusual in Korea in 2013. A total of 4,861 deaths were analyzed by gender, age, manner of death, and cause of death. Of the 4,861 deaths, 3,542 (73.3%) were of men and 1,302 (26.7%) were of women. With respect to the manner of death, 54.4% were recorded as unnatural deaths, 38.8% were natural deaths, and 6.9% had unknown causes. Of the 2,642 unnatural deaths, 45.0% were determined to be accidental deaths, 26.3% suicidal, 16.9% homicidal, and 11.8% undetermined. Of the total number of unnatural deaths, 42.1% were trauma-related deaths, for which falling down accounted for 33.8%. Asphyxiation accounted for 16.0% of unnatural deaths, and of these, the predominant cause was hanging (58.8%). In addition, 14.4% of deaths were due to drowning, 12.9% poisoning, 11.0% thermal injuries, 1.8% complications arising from medical procedures, and 0.8% electrocution, starvation, or neglect. Among the 1,886 natural deaths, heart diseases accounted for 52.0% and vascular diseases accounted for 16.9%. Of the 196 deaths among children under the age of 10 years, 41.8% were recorded as unnatural deaths, 45.1% were natural deaths, and 1.5% had unknown causes.
Autopsy* ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Drowning ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Mortality ; Poisoning ; Starvation ; Vascular Diseases

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases*

PURPOSE: To correlate MR findings with histologic findings in avascular necrosis(AVN) of the femoral head. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging was performed with 8 femoral head specimens using T1- and proton density weighted coronal SE sequences, and compared with contact radiography and histologic sections. RESULTS: In each specimen, necrotic zone in the superior portion of femoral head, repair zone located inferior to the necrotic zone, and rim adjacent to normal bone marrow could be defined. Necrotic zone showed high signal intensity on both T1- and proton density- weighted images in 3 cases which were composed of necrotic bone and marrow, and low signal intensity on both sequences in 2 cases which were composed of necrotic bone marrow with amorphous cellular debris. Mixed high and low signal intensities were seen in 3 cases. The repair zone showed low signal intensity on Tl-weighted image and high signal intenisty on proton density weighted image in 5 cases which were composed of thickened trabecular bone and meSenchymal tissue and also showed intermediate signal intensity on T1 weighted image and high signal intensity on proton density weighted image in 3 cases which were composed of osteoid, chondroid and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. Rim shown as the low signal intensity on T1 weighted image in all cases was corresponded to viable thickened trabecular bone. CONCLUSION: MR imaging would be the best modality in the diagnosis of avascular necrosis of fernoral head and when used in conjuction with degree and location of signal intensity, the prediction of histologic finding may be possible.
Bone Marrow ; Diagnosis ; Head* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Necrosis* ; Protons ; Radiography

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A blood transfusion is almost inevitable in neonatal cardiac surgery. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using autologous cord blood for a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) priming as an alternative to an allo-transfusion in neonatal cardiac surgery. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From January 2012 to December 2014, cord blood had been collected during delivery after informed consent and was stored immediately into a blood bank. Eight neonatal patients had their own cord blood used for CPB priming during cardiac surgery. RESULTS: All patients underwent surgery for their complex congenital heart disease. The median age and body weight at surgery was 11 days (from 0 to 21 days) and 3.2 kg (from 2.2 to 3.7 kg). The median amount and hematocrit of collected cord blood was 72.5 mL (from 43 to 105 mL) and 48.7% (from 32.0 to 51.2%). The median preoperative hematocrit of neonates was 36.5% (from 31.0 to 45.0%); the median volume of CPB priming was 130 mL (From 120 to 140 mL). Seven out of eight patients did not need an allo-transfusion in CPB priming and only one neonate used 20 mL of packed red blood cells in CPB priming to obtain the target hematocrit. CONCLUSION: Autologous cord blood can be used for CPB priming as alternative to packed red blood cells in neonatal congenital cardiac surgery in order to reduce allo-transfusion.
Blood Banks ; Blood Transfusion ; Body Weight ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass* ; Erythrocytes ; Fetal Blood* ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Informed Consent ; Thoracic Surgery*