No abstract available.
Blood Pressure* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Cerebral Palsy* ; Early Diagnosis* ; Neurologic Examination*

Over the past decade, practice of sharing brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data is increasing given significance of reproducibility and transparency in human neuroscience. Larger multimodal brain MRI databases are needed for more robust research findings considering potential possibilities of large variability in human neuroscience. There are currently more than tens of thousands of shared brain MRI datasets across multiple conditions and hundreds of neuroimaging studies using multimodality through shared brain MRI data repositories. This article critically reviews aims, procedures, and current state of brain MRI data sharing. This review focuses on projects and research findings using structural and functional MRI open databases and is further divided into T1- and diffusion-weighted images for structural MRI as well as resting-state and task-based functional MRI. The challenges and directions are finally discussed. Advances in brain MRI data sharing will lead to more rapid progression in human neuroscience by fostering effective longitudinal, multi-site, multimodal neuroimaging research.
Brain ; Dataset ; Foster Home Care ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neuroimaging ; Neurosciences ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

No abstract available.
Dexamethasone* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Meningitis, Bacterial*

Although prenatal and neonatal intensive care in recent years improved survival of infants, the risk of cerebral palsy (CP) in infants with perinatal asphyxia persisted. Screening criteria for risk factors of cerebral palsy and delayed development (DD) in term infants with perinatal asphyxia are required so that early diagnosis and rehabilitation and physical therapy could decrease the neurologic complications and maximize quality of life. To identify the risk factors of CP and DD in infants with perinatal asphyxia, we undertook a case-control study of 25 infants with perinatal asphyxia (5 min Apgar score below 6). At one year follow-up, 12 infants developed CP and DD and 13 control infants showed normal development. Risk factors associated with an increased risk of CP and DD were the number of abortion (p=0. 031), history of neonatal seizure (p=0.021), hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (p=0.046), and poor response to resuscitation immediately after birth (p=0.017). In term infants with perinatal asphyxia, the risk factors of CP and DD were increased number of abortion, history of neonatal seizure, and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and poor response to resuscutation. Thus infants with these risk factors should be carefully followed up after hospital discharge and further extensive and prospective study in term infants with perinatal asphyxia could elucidate possible mechanisms related to cerebral palsy and delayed development.
Apgar Score ; Asphyxia* ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Early Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Mass Screening ; Parturition ; Quality of Life ; Rehabilitation ; Resuscitation ; Risk Factors* ; Seizures

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a noninvasive method that supplies pure oxygen under a pressure greater than normal atmospheric pressure to increase the partial pressure of oxygen in the plasma and tissue. Based on the potential mechanisms of HBOT, including neuroprotection and neurological recovery, HBOT has been suggested as a promising therapeutic option for neurological and psychiatric disorders. This review specifically focused on the clinical trials applying HBOT for psychiatric disorders published during the recent decade. We critically reviewed the efficacy and safety of HBOT in psychiatric disorders, and cautiously suggested the future directions for further research.

PURPOSE: The vancomycin dosage regimen is regularly modified according to the patient's glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In the present study, we aimed to assess the usefulness of serum cystatin C (Cys-C) concentration, compared with serum creatinine (SCr) concentration, for predicting vancomycin clearance (CLvcm) in neonates. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the laboratory data of 50 term neonates who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit and received intravenous vancomycin, and assessed the pharmacokinetic profiles. Creatinine clearance (CLcr) and GFR based on Cys-C (GFRcys-c) were estimated using the Schwartz and Larsson formulas, respectively. RESULTS: The mean CLvcm (+/-standard deviation) was 74.52+/-31.17 L/hr, the volume of distribution of vancomycin was 0.67+/-0.14 L, and vancomycin half-life was 9.16+/-17.42 hours. The SCr was 0.46+/-0.25 mg/dL and serum Cys-C was 1.43+/-0.34 mg/L. The peak and trough concentrations of vancomycin were 24.65+/-14.84 and 8.10+/-5.35 mcg/mL, respectively. The calculated GFR based on serum creatinine concentration (GFR-Cr) and GFRcys-c were 70.2+/-9.45 and 63.6+/-30.18 mL/min, respectively. The correlation constant for CLvcm and the reciprocal of Cys-C (0.479, P=0.001) was significantly higher than that for CLvcm and the reciprocal of SCr (0.286, P=0.044). GFRcys-c was strongly correlated with CLvcm (P=0.001), and the correlation constant was significantly higher than that for CLvcm and CLcr (0.496, P=0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that only GFRcys-c was independently and positively correlated with CLvcm (F=41.9, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The use of serum Cys-C as a marker of CLvcm could be beneficial for more reliable predictions of serum vancomycin concentrations, particularly in neonates.
Creatinine ; Cystatin C* ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Half-Life ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Linear Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Vancomycin*

PURPOSE: Inflammation plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Strategies for preventing BPD include respiratory management, antioxidants, nutritional treatment, and others such as anti-inflammatory agents. We aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of montelukast (MK), a cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor antagonist, as an add-on therapy in BPD. METHODS: In addition to currently available standard measures such as oxygen supplementation, bronchodilators, nutritional support, and/or diuretics, montelukast was administered to 15 preterm infants with BPD. MK was given orally (1 mg/kg/d) for a mean period of 12 weeks. We compared safety and efficacy parameters with historical controls. RESULTS: All 15 patients survived, and no differences were found in the incidence of adverse reactions between the 2 groups. The ventilation index was significantly improved after 2 weeks in MK group compared with historical controls. There were no significant differences in other respiratory parameters (MAP, oxygen dependency, and ventilator dependency) between the groups, but the MK group showed trends of greater improvement. CONCLUSION: Administration of MK 1 mg/kg/d was well tolerated in preterm BPD patients as an add-on therapy. We demonstrated that after 2 weeks of MK administration of 1 mg/kg/d, MK had beneficial therapeutic effects on BPD patients as an add-on to the standard therapy. Further multicenter randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of MK as a useful supplement to standard therapy for BPD patients.
Acetates ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Antioxidants ; Bronchodilator Agents ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Dependency (Psychology) ; Diuretics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Inflammation ; Nutritional Support ; Oxygen ; Quinolines ; Ventilation ; Ventilators, Mechanical

PURPOSE: Growth factors such as keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) have been shown to stimulate alveolar proliferation and pulmonary surfactant production in neonatal animals, raising the question of their antenatal uses. We studied the effects of antenatal administration of recombinant human KGF (rhKGF), recombinant human EGF (rhEGF), or dexamethasone (Dexa) in mouse pups on mRNA synthesis of surfactant proteins A, B, and C. METHODS: Time-dated pregnant mice were divided into 5 groups. At gestational day 16, the pregnant mice received intraperitoneal injection of saline, rhKGF, rhKGF+Dexa, Dexa alone, or rhEGF. Fetuses were delivered by cesarean section 24 h later. Lung tissues were obtained for isolation of RNA and realtime RT-PCR for SP-A, -B, and -C. RESULTS: Relative SP-A mRNA levels of any of the treatment groups were not significantly different from the control group. Either KGF or Dexa group did not show higher levels of SP-B mRNA than control group. Relative mean values of SP-B mRNA of KGF+Dexa and EGF groups were higher than the control group, but not statistically significant. Even though there was a trend of increasing levels of SP-C mRNA in all the treatment groups, the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Antenatal intraperitoneal administration of KGF, EGF, or dexamethasone to pregnant mice did not increase the mRNA expressions of surfactant proteins in preterm mouse pups. However, the effects of different doses, timing, and routes of administration are important factors that may influence the outcomes and should further be investigated in the future.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cesarean Section ; Dexamethasone* ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Female ; Fetus ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 7* ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Keratinocytes* ; Lung* ; Mice* ; Pregnancy ; Pulmonary Surfactants ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger*