OBJECTIVES: To determine the level of mRNA expression of various members of the matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitors in uterine leiomyoma compared with unaffected myometrium. Materials & Method: 30 cases of portions of leiomyoma and myometrium were collected immediately followimg hysterectomy. Thirteen cases were from proliferative phase and seventeen were from secretory phase of menstrual cycle. The mean age was 43.7years old. The level of expression of mRNAs of interstitial collagenase, gelatinase, stromelysin, TIMP-1,-2,-3 was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and normalized to GAPDH(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) mRNA. RESULTS: Myometrium and leiomyoma expressed all the members of above mentioned matrix metalloproteinase family and tissue inhibitors. Leiomyoma expressed a significantly higher level of stromelysin-3 during secretory phase, an extremely lower level of 92kDa gelatinase and a significantly lower level of TIMP-3. The immunohistochemical localization of TIMP-3 was smooth muscle cell and arteriole wall of myometrium and leiomyoma. CONCLUSIONS: The increased expression of stromelysin-3 in uterine leiomyoma compared with myometrium suggests that this MMP may be involved in the formation of a more fibrous extracellular matrix in leiomyoma. The extremely lower expression of 92kDa gelatinase of leiomyoma means that leiomyoma do not invade myometrium and forms a separated mass. Decreased expression of TIMP-3 of leiomyoma suggests that TIMP-3 is required for differentiation and homeostasis of extracellular matrix of normal myometrium and function as a suppressive role of tumor development
Animals ; Arterioles ; Extracellular Matrix ; Female ; Gelatinases ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Leiomyoma* ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 ; Menstrual Cycle ; Mice ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Myometrium* ; RNA, Messenger ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the attributes, antecedents, and consequences of nurse's work interruptions. METHODS: Walker and Avant's concept analysis method was used to analyze this concept. Relevant articles published before August 2018 were searched through MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, KISS, and RISS databases using “interruption,” “work or task,” and “nurse” as keywords. RESULTS: The attributes of work interruption by nurses were as follows: 1) new tasks to do; 2) cognitive transition of work priorities; 3) loss of work continuity; 4) tasks to be resumed. The antecedents of work interruption were intrusion of unplanned events, internal and external factors that result in nurses forgetting their original intentions, an unpredictable work environment, and cultural climate where interruptions are considered as a part of the work process. The consequences of work interruption were decline in job satisfaction, trigger of work errors, lengthening of work completion time, decline in work productivity, increase in work stress, and delay of transferring needed information in a timely manner. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide basic data to reduce the negative consequences of nurses' work interruptions, and contribute to expanding the knowledge necessary for improving patients' safety and nurses' performance.
Climate ; Efficiency ; Intention ; Job Satisfaction ; Methods ; Walkers ; Work Performance

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cell Adhesion* ; Female ; Leiomyoma* ; Mice ; Myometrium* ; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine subjective happiness related factors in Korean nursing students. METHODS: A purposive sample of 200 nursing students was recruited for the cross-sectional survey design. The instruments were perceived stress scale, major satisfaction scale, resilience scale, and subjective happiness scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, hierarchical linear regression, and the Sobel test for testing mediating effects. RESULTS: The mean score of stress, major satisfaction, resilience and subjective happiness was 2.21, 3.95, 3.60 and 5.03, respectively. Perceived health status, stress_positive perception, stress_negative perception, resilience_self confidence, resilience_positivity, resilience_social support had significant effects on subjective happiness. Explained variance for the subjective happiness was 53.4%. Resilience had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between stress and subjective happiness (Sobel test: Z=-5.67, p<.001). Also, resilience had a mediating effect in the relationship between major satisfaction and subjective happiness (Sobel test: Z=5.65, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, nursing intervention programs focusing on improving resilience are recommended to improve subjective happiness in nursing students.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Happiness* ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Negotiating ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare knowledge level of those clinical nurses who received HPV vaccine and those who did not and their perception of the relatedness of HPV vaccine to causes of cervical cancer. METHODS: A total of 249 clinical nurses were surveyed from June to July, 2009. The questionnaire originally developed by Kim & Ahn (2007) examined HPV-related knowledge originally and the tool for perception of the causes of cervical cancer was originally developed by Kim (1993). The total number of subjects equaled to: vaccination group of 52 (20.9%) and non-vaccination group of 197 (79.1%). RESULTS: Vaccination group showed significantly higher score of both knowledge of HPV vaccination and the perception of the cause of cervical cancer in comparison to the nonvaccination group at (p<.05). Among 4 subscales of the perception of causes of cervical cancer, destiny and constitution subscale scores were significantly different between the two groups at (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Clinical nurses need to constantly update with current knowledge of HPV and be prepared with currently changing cancer prevention strategies, especially in cervical cancer.
Constitution and Bylaws ; Humans ; Nurse Clinicians ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vaccination

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level and factors influencing depression among nursing students. METHODS: The data were collected from nursing students attending 3 universities who expressed a willingness to participate in the study through a questionnaire which surveyed them about depression, stress, social support, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and wellbeing in May, 2012. The collected data from 235 nursing students were analyzed using a SPSSWIN 19.0. RESULTS: The mean score of depression (using MDI) among nursing students was 16.7, which denotes a minor depressive mood. 49.1% of variance with regard to depression among nursing students was explained by stress, self-esteem, wellbeing and self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: There is a need to develop a depression prevention program for nursing students and to reduce stress and increase self-esteem, wellbeing and self-efficacy in order to establish an effective program.
Depression* ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing*

Verumontanum mucosal gland hyperplasia (VMGH) is a relatively common benign proliferative lesion which was first described by Gagucas et al in 1995. VMGH is usually found in radical prostatectomy or transurethral resection specimens and rarely in needle biopsy specimens. The histologic feature of VMGH is characterized by well-circumscribed proliferation of small glands and thus VMGH may mimic low grade adenocarcinoma. We report a case of VMGH from a 61-year-old man. The lesion coexisted with prostatic adenocarcinoma on radical prostatectomy specimen. The lesion was a well circumscribed microacinar proliferation which was present between the openings of ejaculatory ducts. The acini consisted of two cell layers with inner secretory cuboidal epithelium and outer basal cell. Typically, the lumen contained many corpora amylacea. Nuclear pleomorphism, prominent nucleolus, or mitotic figure was not identified. Because of small gland proliferation of VMGH, this lesion can be confused with other small gland proliferative lesions, such as low grade adenocarcinoma, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, basal cell hyperplasia, mesonephric hyperplasia, and nephrogenic adenoma. To avoid misdiagnosis of VMGH as carcinoma, one should be familiar with this lesion.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma ; Biopsy, Needle ; Diagnostic Errors ; Ejaculatory Ducts ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the history of exposure to obscene material, and examine sexual attitudes and intercourse experience in order to develop an effective program for university students. METHOD: The data were collected in May, 2012 from 385 students attending 3 universities in Korea. An independent t-test and ANOVA were used to determine the differences with regard to sexual attitudes and intercourse experience according to general characteristics and history of exposure to obscene material. RESULTS: Sexual attitudes significantly differed according to timing of first exposure to obscene material (p<.001). Intercourse experience was significantly different according to timing of first exposure to obscene material (p=.016) and type of exposure to obscene material (p=.032). There was a negative correlation between first exposure to obscene material and sexual attitudes (p<.001), and a positive correlation between first exposure to obscene material and intercourse experience (p=.017). CONCLUSION: Results of this study indicate that history of exposure to obscene material should be considered as an important variable in managing the sexual health of university students.
Humans ; Korea ; Reproductive Health ; Sexual Behavior

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting clinical nurses’ attitude toward reporting child abuse. Methods: The participants in this study were 200 clinical nurses. Data were collected as structured self-report questionnaires through the online portal site for nurses from November 24 to December 7, 2021. The questionnaires included general characteristics, knowledge of child abuse reporting, perception of child abuse, moral sensitivity, and attitude toward reporting child abuse. The SPSS/WIN 25.0 program was used for data analysis which included descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression. Results: As knowledge of child abuse reporting, perception of child abuse and moral sensitivity were increased, the attitude toward reporting child abuse was significantly increased. Multiple regression analysis showed that knowledge of child abuse reporting (β=.32) and perception of child abuse (β=.21) were significant influencing factors of attitude toward reporting child abuse. Conclusion These findings implied that knowledge of child abuse reporting and perception of child abuse would be related to attitudes toward reporting child abuse among clinical nurses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop education programs and public policies to improve the knowledge and perception of child abuse reporting among clinical nurses so that attitudes toward reporting child abuse can be improved.

Purpose: : This study aims to identify job stress, emotional intelligence, and exhaustion of the nurses in comprehensive nursing service units and then verify the moderating and mediating effects of emotional intelligence on the relationship between job stress and exhaustion. Methods: : Participants are 118 nurses working in two general hospitals. The collected data are analyzed using the SPSS WIN 27.0 and AMOS 18.0 programs by assessing frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis and bootstrapping. Results: : Exhaustion has a statistically significant positive correlation with job stress (r=.40, p ＜.001) and a statistically significant negative correlation with emotional intelligence (r=-.26, p =.004). A partial mediating effect of emotional intelligence is found between job stress and exhaustion, however, there is no moderating effect. Conclusion : It is expected that to reduce the exhaustion of nurses in comprehensive nursing service units, it is necessary to assess job stress and emotional intelligence, and strengthen emotional intelligence along with job stress intervention.