No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Female ; Ovary* ; Paclitaxel*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the concept of happiness among pregnant women. METHODS: Walker and Avant's method for concept analysis was used. RESULTS: The defining attributes of happiness among pregnant women were 1) period of pregnancy, 2) emotional dimension (positive affect), and 3) cognitive dimension(existence need-satisfaction, relatedness need-satisfaction, growth need-satisfaction). The antecedents of happiness among pregnant women were 1) intrapersonal characteristics, 2) reproductive history and related characteristics, 3) interpersonal relationship, and 4) external factors. The consequences included 1) pregnant women's well-being, 2) fetal well-being, 3) maternal well-being, and 4) child's happiness. CONCLUSION: Although further studies are required to refine the diverse attributes of the concept, the results of this study contribute to explaining happiness among pregnant women. In addition, the development of adequate interventions to increase prenatal happiness is needed.
Female ; Happiness* ; Humans ; Methods ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women* ; Reproductive History ; Walkers

Hemodialysis(HD)-associated hypotension is a frequent complication, but it is difficult to manage. Until now, several maneuvers have been tried to prevent the HD-associated hypotension. Of these, the sodium content of dialysate was regarded as an important factor for maintaining blood pressure during HD. In this study, we evaluated the effect of hypertonic dialysate on blood pressure, interdialytic weight gain and the incidence of thirst. The study was done for 6 weeks successively with 3 different groups. Each patient was dialysed with 3 different dialysates for 2 weeks: Group I(Conventional HD: sodium concentration: 137 mEq/L), Group II(Hypertonic HD: 147 mEq/L) and Group III (Sequential HD: from 147 to 140 mEq/L). Hemodynamic parameters(blood pressure, pulse rate and ultrafiltration rate), biochemical parameters(hematocrits, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, osmolality, sodium, potassium, chloride, fasting blood sugar) and complications (interdialytic weight gain &thirsty sensation) were compared among 3 groups. The results were as follows: 1. Decline of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure at the time of a 3 hour check during hemodialysis was lower in the Group II than Group I and III (p=0.002; p=0.012). and decline of diastolic blood pressure at the time of a 4 hour check during hemodialysis was lower in the Group II and III than Group I(p=0.04). 2. ncidence of hypotensive episodes during dialysis was significantly lower in Group II than group I (p=0.0287). 3. The ultrafiltration in Group III at the time of 1 hour, 2 hour and 3 hour check during hemodialysis was higher than that in Group I and II at the time of 1 hour, 2 hour and 3 hour check during emodialysis respectively (p=0.0001; p=0.0001; p=0.0004). 4. Interdialytic weight gain was higher in Group II(3.1+/-0.8) than GroupI(2.8+/-0.8) and III (2.9+/-0.9) (p=0.0422). 5. Hematologic and biochemical results were not significantly different among 3 Groups. 6. Frequency of thirst was different in Group I, II and III, 0.05+/-0.12, 0.41+/-0.24 and 0.22+/-0.29 respectively (p=0.0259). The results suggest that hypertonic HD was effective in preventing HD-associated hypotension but interdialytic weight gain and thirst sensations were increased as compared with a conventional method. In this situation, sequential HD seems to be an alternative method to minimizes the side effect of hypertonic HD.
Blood Pressure* ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Creatinine ; Dialysis ; Dialysis Solutions ; Fasting ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence* ; Osmolar Concentration ; Potassium ; Renal Dialysis* ; Sensation ; Sodium ; Thirst* ; Ultrafiltration* ; Weight Gain*

BACKGROUND: In the Korean Red Cross Blood Center, ABO blood typing are routinely performed only via red cell grouping at blood donations sites. However, when an error occurs in this process, it is impossible to issue a blood product contrary to the result of the blood type of the Blood Laboratory Center, thereby resulting in delayed supply. Therefore, efforts are needed to reduce typing errors at blood donation sites. METHODS: We analyzed 656,786 donor screenings between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016;we also analyzed the statistical data of donor ABO typing between 2013 and 2015. To reduce ABO typing error, we notified and trained nurses at Busan, Gyeongnam, Ulsan, and Daegu-Gyeongbuk Blood centers in June, 2016. We tried to confirm the improvement of ABO typing error at blood donation sites by comparing ABO typing before and after training. For data comparison, chi-square test was conducted (95% confidence interval, 0.05 significant level). RESULTS: The blood typing error rate was significantly lower (P=0.003) four months after training (0.005%) than before training (0.015%), and the blood typing error rate was significantly higher for the first blood donor (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Educational training for nurses at blood donation sites may be effective in reducing ABO typing error. Continuous and regular training seems to be needed in future to reduce ABO typing error.
Blood Donors* ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching* ; Busan ; Donor Selection ; Humans ; Red Cross ; Tissue Donors ; Ulsan

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between nutrient intake and bone mineral density (BMD) of elderly women in Daegu, Korea. In this study, the bone mineral densities of 101 elderly women in Daegu were measured, and their nutrient intake, dietary habits, and maternal factors were determined through a survey. The subjects were divided into the normal group, the osteopenia group, and osteoporosis group to find out if there is a correlation between bone mineral density and maternal factors, dietary habits, and nutrient intake through their T-scores, analyzed according to the standards of WHO. Classification by T-scores of the participants were the normal group 25.7%, the osteopenia group 39.6%, the osteoporosis group 34.7%. Menopause age of the osteoporosis group was lower, postmenopausal period was longer, and last delivery age was significantly higher than the normal group (p<0.05). Osteoporosis group had a lower percentage of 'everyday' fruit and vegetable intakes and higher percentage of 'never' dairy intake than of the normal group. Vitamin A, vitamin B1, and vitamin B2 intakes of participants in the osteoporosis group were lower than those in the normal group (p<0.05). In conclusion, nutritional education is necessary to encourage high intake of milk and vegetables and fruits along with calcium, vitamin A, B1, and B1 intakes and low intake of sodium for the prevention of elderly women's osteoporosis.
Aged* ; Bone Density* ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Calcium ; Classification ; Daegu* ; Education ; Female ; Food Habits ; Fruit ; Humans ; Korea* ; Menopause ; Milk ; Osteoporosis ; Postmenopause ; Riboflavin ; Sodium ; Thiamine ; Vegetables ; Vitamin A

BACKGROUND: The E2F family (E2F1 to E2F6) of transcription factors plays a key role in cell cycle progression. Some act as oncogenes and others act as tumor suppressor genes (TSG) in a tissue-specific manner. E2F4 may function as a TSG. However, the role of E2F4 in breast carcinogenesis remains controversial. Also the clinical impact of E2F2 expression on breast cancer remains unknown. METHODS: Expressions of E2F4 and E2F2 were assessed immunohistochemically in 113 breast carcinomas and were compared with clinicopathological variables, expressions of G1/S checkpoint proteins (p16, cyclin D1 and Rb), and DNA ploidy to identify their possible role and to assess their prognostic value in breast cancer. RESULTS: Expressions of E2F4 and E2F2 were detected in 48 cases (42.5%) and 66 cases (58.4%), respectively. Expressions of E2F4 and E2F2 were significantly correlated with large tumor size (p<0.001) and lymph node metastasis (p<0.001). There was no correlation between expressions of E2F4 or E2F2 and any other variables, including age, histologic grade, DNA ploidy and expressions of p16, cyclin D1 and Rb. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that expressions of E2F4 and E2F2 are associated with growth and spread of breast cancer and indicate poor prognosis.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Cycle ; Cyclin D1 ; DNA ; E2F2 Transcription Factor* ; E2F4 Transcription Factor ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Oncogenes ; Ploidies ; Prognosis ; Transcription Factors

PURPOSE: Women's weight perception and obesity-related quality of life were analyzed according to BMI (Body Mass Index). METHODS: A survey was conducted using self-report questionnaires from 178 participants. The data analysis included descriptive statistics, frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Fisher's exact test and Kendall's tau using the SPSS version 14.0. RESULTS: There were significant differences in BMI according to age (F=8.037, p=<.001), weight perception (F=60.71, p<.001), weight control experience (F=2.504, p=.013), weight control method (F=5.839, p=.001) and weight control success (F=-2.451, p=.016). There was a significant difference in obesity-related quality of life according to weight perception in the low weight group (F=5.587, p=.021) and in the obesity group (t=3.419, p=.003). Higher correlations were found between the women's BMI group, weight perception and obesity-related quality of life. CONCLUSION: A program to provide appropriate information for weight perception is needed for the low weight group. There is a need for a program about weight reduction as well as weight perception for the obesity group.
Body Mass Index ; Obesity ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Statistics as Topic ; Weight Loss ; Weight Perception

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Small Cell* ; Prognosis*

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Choriocarcinoma* ; Female ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Pregnancy

PURPOSE: A large number of studies have demonstrated that bronchiolitis by RSV can develop into recurrent wheezing or asthma in infancy. The severity on first attack, atopic finding and evironmental factors can be a risk factors for this recurrent wheezing but not yet defined clearly. We studied to know the risk factors to cause recurrent wheezing after bronchiolitis by RSV. METHODS: Sixty three children who were hospitalized for bronchiolitis by RSV from June 1996 through May 1997 were followed-up. They were classified into recurrent group with wheezing of more than 3 times and no-recurrent group and compared. RESULTS: 1) The recurrent group was 46%(29 of 63 cases) and was higher in both male and whom first wheezing occured in less than 6 months of age. 2) On the first admission, the degree of respiratory distress was more severe in recurrent group. 3) On the first admission, serum ECP was more higher in the recurrent group. And during follow-up, frequency of increased serum IgE and positive skin test to D.p, D.f was higher in the recurrent group. 4) The household environment, personal history of patients and familial history of atopy did not affect on recurrence of wheezing. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that younger age of lesser than 6 month of age and severity of respiratory distress on the first admission and positive skin test to D.p, D.f and higher serum IgE during follow-up had significant association with recurrent wheezing.
Asthma ; Bronchiolitis* ; Child ; Family Characteristics ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Male ; Recurrence ; Respiratory Sounds ; Risk Factors ; Skin Tests