OBJECTIVES: To determine the level of mRNA expression of various members of the matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitors in uterine leiomyoma compared with unaffected myometrium. Materials & Method: 30 cases of portions of leiomyoma and myometrium were collected immediately followimg hysterectomy. Thirteen cases were from proliferative phase and seventeen were from secretory phase of menstrual cycle. The mean age was 43.7years old. The level of expression of mRNAs of interstitial collagenase, gelatinase, stromelysin, TIMP-1,-2,-3 was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and normalized to GAPDH(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) mRNA. RESULTS: Myometrium and leiomyoma expressed all the members of above mentioned matrix metalloproteinase family and tissue inhibitors. Leiomyoma expressed a significantly higher level of stromelysin-3 during secretory phase, an extremely lower level of 92kDa gelatinase and a significantly lower level of TIMP-3. The immunohistochemical localization of TIMP-3 was smooth muscle cell and arteriole wall of myometrium and leiomyoma. CONCLUSIONS: The increased expression of stromelysin-3 in uterine leiomyoma compared with myometrium suggests that this MMP may be involved in the formation of a more fibrous extracellular matrix in leiomyoma. The extremely lower expression of 92kDa gelatinase of leiomyoma means that leiomyoma do not invade myometrium and forms a separated mass. Decreased expression of TIMP-3 of leiomyoma suggests that TIMP-3 is required for differentiation and homeostasis of extracellular matrix of normal myometrium and function as a suppressive role of tumor development
Animals ; Arterioles ; Extracellular Matrix ; Female ; Gelatinases ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Leiomyoma* ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 ; Menstrual Cycle ; Mice ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Myometrium* ; RNA, Messenger ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3

Ovarian mature cystic teratoma containing benign prostatic tissue is rare and only 11 cases have been reported in the literature to date. We report a case of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary containing prostatic tissue. A 23-year-old female patient came to our hospital complaining of irregular menstruation for 3 months. Her menarche had occurred when she was 13 years old. The patient showed no evidence of virilization nor of endocrinopathy. A goose-egg-sized mass was palpable in the left lower abdomen on physical examination. Ultrasonography revealed a cystic ovarian mass with internal echogenecity. Microscopic finding was consistent with that of usual mature cystic teratoma except for a 1.5 cm focus of prostatic and bladder tissues. Prostatic tissue demonstrated strong immunoreactivity for prostatic specific antigen (PSA), prostatic alkaline phosphatase (PAP) and cytokeratin 7. Basal cells of the prostate glands were positive for high molecular weight cytokeratin (34betaE12). Although ovarian mature cystic teratoma containing prostatic tissue has been reported as a rare occurrence, a careful examination with immunohistochemical staining may increase the detection of prostatic tissue in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary.
Abdomen ; Adolescent ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Female ; Humans ; Keratin-7 ; Keratins ; Menarche ; Menstruation ; Molecular Weight ; Ovary ; Physical Examination ; Prostate ; Teratoma* ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder ; Virilism ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation modeling on the reproductive health behavior of single women with sexual experiences. This study employed Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). METHODS: The data were collected after receipt of consent from 250 single women with sexual experiences, and analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. RESULTS: Model fit indices for the hypothetical model were suitable for the recommended level: x²=362.407, RMR=0.065, RMSEA=0.070, GFI=0.867. TLI=0.927, CFI=0.938, IFI=0.939, and x²/dF=2.237. Intention showed direct effect with the biggest effect being on reproductive health behavior. Attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control were found to have a direct effect on intention. Among them, perceived behavioral control revealed the largest influence. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the TPB is a suitable model in explaining the reproductive health behavior of single women with sexual experience. Strategic plans for educational and intervention programs should be aimed to encourage single women to engage in reproductive health behavior.
Female ; Humans ; Intention ; Reproductive Health* ; Single Person*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels in student nurse of knowledge, compliance and risk factor recognition for needlestick injuries. METHOD: Nine hundred and thirty eight(938) student nurse from 3 universities and 3 junior colleges participated in this study. Completed questionnaires were collected between October and November 2004. They were analyzed by using the descriptive statistics and chi2-test, t-test with the SAS program. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the general characteristics of participants between the two groups - Needlestick Injury(NSI) group and non-Needlestick Injury(non-NSI) group. The scores for knowledge levels of treatment after needlestick injuries and the risk factor recognition level were significantly higher in the NSI group. The scores for performance level as to handling and using needles after needlestick injuries were significantly higher in the non-NSI group. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop a preventive program to decrease the needlestick injury rate among student nurse.
Compliance* ; Humans ; Needles ; Needlestick Injuries* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors*

Eleven patients with proved Bronchiolo-aveolar cell carcinoma were found in the chest department of thenational menical center from 1975 to 1981. The incidence of Bronchiolo-alveolar cell carcinoma is recentlyincreased as primary lung carcinoma. The result as follow. 1. The ratio of male and female was 5:6 and anincidence of 4.4% among total primary lung cancer patients. The highest incidence (3 of cases) was seen in thesixth decade, and the remaining cases were evenly distributed in the third, fourth, and fifth decades of life.Among them youngest was 29 years old and the oldest was 66 years old. 2. Clinical and radiological initialdiagnosis prior to the final diagnosis were as follows; pulmonary tuberculosis; 7 cases, pneumonia; 1 case,bronchiectasis; 1 case, and lung cancer; 2 cases. 3. Radiological examination of chest presented several pictures;most commonly, homogenous or patchy infiltrations; 6 cases, nodular or mass like densities; 2 cases, disseminatednodular or military patterns; 2 cases, and reticular pattern; 1 case. 4. Bronchogram reveald no contributablefindings except one case of complete tappering obstruction of the segmental bronchus. Therefore we arrive at theconclusion that early diagnosis will result in increased resectability and improved survival so aggressivediagnositic work-up for suspicious pulmonary infiltrate is necessary.
Bronchi ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Pneumonia ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Splenoportography has been proved as a useful method for the evaluation of circulatory distrubances in portalhypertension. Authors analyzed the various aspects of these disturbances on splenoportography in 22 cases thatwere performed under the clinical suspicion of portal hypertension during recent 6 years, from May, 1976 to July,1982 at the Department of Radiology, National Medical Center. The results were as follows; 1. Liver cirrhosis wasthe most frequent cause of intrahepatic obstruction type in portal hypertenstion (86%). 2. The portal pressure wasmore than 400 mmH2O in 67% of the cases (range; 300-540 mmH2O). 3. In the majority of the cses, the higher theportal pressure was, the more dilated splenic and portal veins were. The diameter of portal vein was more than15mm in 79%, more than 21 mm in 47% of the cases (range; 10-26mm). The diameter of splenic vein was more than 15mmin 48% of the cases (range; 7-23mm). Especially the diameter of splenic vein was larger than that of portal veinin 20% of the cases. 4. There was no definite correlation between the development of collateral circulation andthe diameter of splenic and portal veins. 5. The filling of collateral circulation was definite sign of portalhypertenstion, though not regular. In portal hypertension, the collateral circulation was formed via coronary vein(91%), short gastric vein (64%), inferior mesenteric vein(36%). 6. Splenic-hilum time was delayed in 64% of thecases. Intrahepatic portal vein emptying time was more than 6 seconds in all the cases. 7. Most of the cases (91%)could be diagnosed as portal hypertension with vasculogram and hepatogram.
Collateral Circulation ; Hypertension, Portal ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Methods ; Portal Pressure ; Portal Vein ; Portography ; Splenic Vein ; Veins

Left atrial myxoma is well-known mimicker of systemic vasculitis. In general, however, these patients showed some symptoms and signs of cardiovascular disease. We experienced a patient with left atrial myxoma who first presented as vasculitis without any symptoms and signs suggesting cardiovascular disorders. A 45 year-old lady showed tender skin nodules, livedo reticuiaris-like skin lesions, severe constitutional symptoms, multiple cerebral infarctions, and elevated ESR and globulin. Skin biopsy findings were thought to be consistent with polyarteritis nodosa. Echocardiography was performed as a routine test for evaluating suspected vasculitis patients and it revealed left atrial myxoma. However, we were not able to detect any auscultation abnormality, even after echocardiography, After echocardiography, we found the tumor emboli in skin biopy specimen with deeper section. This case demonstrated the importance of suspecting the possibility of left atrial myxoma when performing diagnostic work-up for vasculitis.
Auscultation ; Biopsy ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cerebral Infarction ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Myxoma ; Polyarteritis Nodosa ; Skin ; Systemic Vasculitis ; Vasculitis

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cell Adhesion* ; Female ; Leiomyoma* ; Mice ; Myometrium* ; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules*

Purpose: This study investigated metabolic health status as a risk factor for female bladder cancer using the National Health Checkups databases of Korea. Materials and Methods: We defined obesity if body mass index was ≥25 kg/m2 and normal weight as <25 kg/m2. Metabolic unhealthiness was defined when 3 or more criteria of metabolic syndrome were met. A total of 11,461,618 women who took National health Checkups between 2009 and 2012 were categorized as metabolic healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolic unhealthy normal weight (MuHNW), metabolic health obese (MHO), and metabolic unhealthy obese (MuHO). Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was done to analyze the hazard ratio of bladder cancer. Results: The mean age was 48±11.55 years and body mass index was 23.19±2.13 kg/m2. During 5.4±1.1 years of follow-up, 3,893 patients were newly diagnosed with bladder cancer. Compared to MHNW group, the hazard ratio of MuHNW group and MuHO group were 1.237 and 1.288, respectively, while 0.997 in the MHO group. As the number of metabolic unhealthy criteria increased, the cumulative incidence of bladder cancer increased. Conclusions As a result of a large-scale study conducted on the female population in Korea, the risk of bladder cancer increased with metabolic unhealthiness. Even with normal weight, if metabolically unhealthy, the risk of bladder cancer increased. The greater the degree of metabolic unhealthiness, the higher the risk of bladder cancer. Education on metabolic healthiness concerning female bladder cancer is necessary.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate nurses' perception of clinical nutrition services. A cross-sectional survey design was performed. The research was accomplished by using questionnaires developed for this study and administered from September 12 to December 31, 2013 to 343 nurses at 43 tertiary hospitals and 20 general hospitals. The percentage of nurses who recognized clinical nutrition certificate as issued from nation was 27.8%. The mean scores of perceived usefulness on clinical nutrition services was 4.23/5.00, whereas that of perceived implementation was 3.76/5.00. The mean scores of necessity of disease-specialized clinical dietitian at capital hospitals were significantly higher for obesity (P<0.01), cancer (P<0.05), and infant & childhood disease (P<0.01) than at local hospitals. The rates of nurses' experience in group education on cancer at capital hospitals (21.7%) was significantly higher than that at local hospitals (10.3%) (P<0.05). The mean scores of perceived importance of clinical nutrition services were 4.46/5.00 for 'group nutrition education', 4.46/5.00 for 'individual consultation', and 4.40/5.00 for 'nutrition management for enteral nutrition (EN) patients'. The most common reason why clinical nutrition services are important was 'improving malnutritional status'. To activate clinical nutrition services especially at local hospitals, clinical dietitians should give systematic assistance to patients and also institutional supports are needed.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Enteral Nutrition ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infant ; Nutritionists ; Obesity ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tertiary Care Centers