PURPOSE: This study was conducted to verify how a program for family caregivers can affect the negative effects of loss of sleep, depression, burden of caring and poor quality of life in people who care for a family member suffering from dementia. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study using a single-group pre-test-post-test design. This study was conducted between March 28, and May 30, 2013 in A city. The program was provided for 9 weeks. Eleven caregivers with a family member suffering from dementia participated in this study. RESULTS: The second hypothesis on lowering the depression index (Z=-2.93, p=.003) and fourth hypothesis on improving quality of life (Z=2.02, p=.044) were supported. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that the program for family caregivers is effective in lowering the depression index and improving quality of life of people who care for a family member who is a patient with dementia. More programs for caregivers are needed and should be developed and provided for family caregivers in the near future.
Caregivers* ; Dementia ; Depression* ; Humans ; Quality of Life*

No abstract available.
Antibody Formation* ; Lymphocytes* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium*

Some of the proteins of mycobacteria are preferentially associated with the cell wall and are powerful immunogens, and humoral antibody responses to these mycobacterial antigens may occur in patients with tuberculosis. In this study, Triton X-100 solubilized protein (TSP) antigen was isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv by overnight shaking with 1% Triton X- 100/PMSF and 10-90% ammonium sulfate precipitation. IgG and IgM antibody levels against TSP, crude protein from the unheated cultrue filtrate (CF#) and 30 kDa antigens were determined in the sera of 80 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 99 healthy controls with PPD (+) and (-). High IgG reactivity to TSP and CF antigen was observed in tuberculosis patients. Mean IgG antibody titers against all of three mycobacterial antigens were differed significantly (P<0.01) between patients and controls but IgM showed no difference. By the cut-off value adding 2 standard deviation to the mean absorbance of controls, the sensitivity and specificity of the IgG antibody to TSP antigen were 93.9% and 77.5%. The specificity to TSP antigen was a litttle higher than those obtained by CF and 30 kDa antigen. From the above results, the TSP antigen may be useful for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis.
Ammonium Sulfate ; Antibody Formation ; Cell Wall ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Neptune* ; Octoxynol* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serologic Tests ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

BACKGROUND: Through the control of tuberculosis at 22 public health centers under the National Tuberculosis Control Program, this study is purposed to examine the situation of the tuberculous patients and the characteristics of the therapeutic regimens. METHODS: The data was obtained from 8091 medical records of pulmonary tuberculous patients who were registered for treatment at public health center in Seoul during the year of 1993. It was comparatively analysed by the general characteristics(gender, age, chest X-ray findings, sputum results, treatment results, side effects, combined diseases and accompanied extra-pulmonary tuberculosis) according to various regimens of the tuberculosis. RESULTS: The male patients were 5144, the female were 2947. 34.1% of patients were between 21 and 30years of age. Short course regimen was 97.1% and long course regimen was 2.9%. According to chest X-ray findings minimal 53.5%, moderately advanced 41.2%, far advanced 5.3%. Sputum AFB negative was 52.2% and positive was 47.8%. Therapeutic efficiency was high in short course regimen. Among the side effects, dermatologic problems was high and at the regimen of EHRZ side effects were developed highly. Combined diseases were liver diseases(5.2%), DM(4.2%). Accompanied extrapulmonary tuberculosis were pleurisy(5.4% ), superficial lymphadenitis(0.4% ). CONCLUSIONS: There was great effects in the treatment of tuberculosis with short course regimen in the National Tuberculosis Control Program. But only 38% among the expected patients were treated in this country. So the greater efforts were needed to find and treat more patients effectively.
Female ; Humans ; Liver ; Male ; Medical Records ; Public Health* ; Seoul* ; Sputum ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

No abstract available.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Sputum*

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Lymphokines* ; Monocytes* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium*

No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus* ; Tuberculosis*

Purpose: In 2014, Pusan National University Hospital developed an electronic system for the monitoring and management of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to iodinated contrast media (ICM) and premedication. We analyzed the prevalence of hypersensitivity reactions (HRs) and the effect of premedication after system development. Methods: We analyzed immediate HRs to ICM recorded from January 2015 to September 2018 and the annual incidences were compared. Results: Patients with immediate HRs to ICM were at a mean age of 54.6 ± 14.3 years and 53.8% were female. The overall frequency of HRs was 0.328%. In the classification according to the degree of severity, 87.2% of the cases were mild, 11.0% were moderate, and 1.8% were severe. The ICM most commonly inducing an HR was iomeprol (0.529%), followed by iohexol (0.371%), ioversol (0.359%), iobitridol (0.310%), iopamidol (0.152%), iopromide (0.128%), and iodixanol (0.036%). ICM was readministered to 49.2% of the patients, and immediate HRs recurred in 16.2%. There was no correlation between premedication with an antihistamine and HR recurrence, but premedication with corticosteroids reduced the rate significantly. After development of the electronic monitoring and management system, the HR incidence increased 1.25-fold per year, but most cases were mild and the rate of severe reactions tended to decrease. Conclusion Because ADRs to ICM are difficult to predict, appropriate strategies to prevent their development are needed. A system that documents ADRs to ICM can improve patient management.

This study purposed to analyze the relationship between spatial distribution of Diabetes prevalence rates and regional variables. The unit of analysis was administrative districts of city·gun·gu. Dependent variable was the age- and sex- adjusted diabetes prevalence rates and regional variables were selected to represent three aspects: demographic and socioeconomic factor, health and medical factor, and physical environment factor. Along with the traditional ordinary least square (OLS) regression analysis, geographically weighted regression (GWR) was applied for the spatial analysis. Analysis results showed that age- and sex-adjusted diabetes prevalence rates were varied depending on regions. OLS regression showed that diabetes prevalence rates had significant relationships with percent of population over age 65 and financial independence rate. In GWR, the effects of regional variables were not consistent. These results provide information to health policy makers. Regional characteristics should be considered in allocating health resources and developing health related programs for the regional disease management.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Disease Management ; Health Policy ; Health Resources ; Prevalence* ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Spatial Analysis

BACKGROUND: In the Korean Red Cross Blood Center, ABO blood typing are routinely performed only via red cell grouping at blood donations sites. However, when an error occurs in this process, it is impossible to issue a blood product contrary to the result of the blood type of the Blood Laboratory Center, thereby resulting in delayed supply. Therefore, efforts are needed to reduce typing errors at blood donation sites. METHODS: We analyzed 656,786 donor screenings between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016;we also analyzed the statistical data of donor ABO typing between 2013 and 2015. To reduce ABO typing error, we notified and trained nurses at Busan, Gyeongnam, Ulsan, and Daegu-Gyeongbuk Blood centers in June, 2016. We tried to confirm the improvement of ABO typing error at blood donation sites by comparing ABO typing before and after training. For data comparison, chi-square test was conducted (95% confidence interval, 0.05 significant level). RESULTS: The blood typing error rate was significantly lower (P=0.003) four months after training (0.005%) than before training (0.015%), and the blood typing error rate was significantly higher for the first blood donor (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Educational training for nurses at blood donation sites may be effective in reducing ABO typing error. Continuous and regular training seems to be needed in future to reduce ABO typing error.
Blood Donors* ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching* ; Busan ; Donor Selection ; Humans ; Red Cross ; Tissue Donors ; Ulsan