We report a case of adult granulosa cell tumor arising in the scrotal tunics. The patient was a 34-year-old man who presented with right scrotal swelling, first noticed four months previously. Under the initial clinical impression of epididymo-orchitis, antibiotic treatment was instituted but there was no response. The paratesticular nodules revealed by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging mimicked intratesticular lesion, and radical orchiectomy was performed. Although several cases of adult testicular granulosa cell tumor, have been reported, the occurrence of this entity in the paratesticular area has not, as far as we are aware, been previously described.
Adult ; Case Report ; Granulosa Cell Tumor/*diagnosis/surgery ; Human ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Scrotum/*pathology/*ultrasonography ; Testicular Neoplasms/*diagnosis/surgery

No abstract available.
Abortion, Induced* ; Contraception* ; Female

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an information protocol for anxiety and nursing satisfaction of family caregivers. The caregivers were caring for a family member who had a CVA (cerebrovascular accident) and who had been admitted to the ICU (intensive care unit). METHOD: The research design was a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. Data were collected from April 1 to October 31, 2005 at D hospital in Busan City. The participants were 40 family caregivers of patients with a CVA admitted to the ICU. Caregivers in the experimental group participated in the information protocol for 30 min. Both groups were pre-tested before the intervention for two variables, anxiety and nursing needs. The post-test of both groups included anxiety and nursing satisfaction. The instruments used in this study were the Spielberger's state anxiety inventory (1976) and the nursing satisfaction scale developed by Molter (1979). RESULTS: Anxiety scores were significantly lower and nursing satisfaction scores were significantly higher for caregivers in the experimental group compared to those in the control group. CONCLUSION: The information protocol was effective in reducing anxiety and increasing the level of nursing satisfaction of family caregivers caring for an ICU patients with a CVA.
Anxiety* ; Busan ; Caregivers* ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Research Design ; Stroke*

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the effects of mutiple indications and age on the likelihood of finding cervical lesion in large loop excision of transformation zone(LLETZ). METHOD: We reviewed the medical records of 471 evaluable LLETZ of cervix for cervical neoplasia at the Yonsei University College of Medicine, from April 1996 to August l998. The indications for the LLETZ were grouped as being for treatment(biopsy-proven disease)(indication A), significant discrepancy among cytologic and histologic results(indication B), unsatisfactory colposcopic finding(transformation zone not fully visualized)(indication C), possible microinva- sion(indication D), and combinations of the above. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of cervical lesion in performed LLETZ for indication A alone, for indication B alone, for a combination of indication A and C, for a combination B and C, and for indication D alone were 85.7%, 56.5%, 82.3%, 42.6%, 95%, respectively. The data were then reanalyzed to determine the likelihood of finding high-grade disease on LLETZ specimen. Overall, those with preoperative high-grade cytologic or histologic characteristics were much more likely to have high grade disease(78.1%) than were those with preoperative low-grade cytologic or histologic characteristics(27.2%)(p<0.001). The influence of age on the likelihood of identifying diasease on the LLETZ is undertermined. CONCLUSION: Neither age nor the preoperative grade of disease are good discriminators of the likelihood that disease will be found on a LLETZ specimen, However, patients with preoperative high-grade disease are much more likely than those with preoperative low-grade disease to have high-grade dysplasia or invasive cancer on LLETZ.
Cervix Uteri ; Female ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Prevalence

PURPOSE: Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) exists in the human population in two genetic forms, usually referred to as type 1 and type 2 which have been defined on the basis of sequence divergence in the EBNA-2 and EBNA-3 family genes. In this study, we were intended to investigate whether the subtypes of EBV in malignant lymphoma in Korea were associated with specific disease entities and geographical distribution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biopsy samples obtained from 18 Korean patients with malignant lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease(3 cases), B cell lymphoma(1 case), and NK/T cell lymphoma(14 cases) were analyzed to determine the subtype of EBV infected therein. DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embeded tissues by ordinary method and specific viral sequences were sought using the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and Southern blot hybridization assay. Oligonucleotide primers used for examination of EBV strain type were derived from the EBNA-3B and EBNA-3C coding regions. As a control, four cases of reactive hyperplasia were analyzed. RESULTS: The two of four reactive hyperplasia cases were associated with type 1 and the rest of two cases with both types. Among the 18 cases with malignant lymphoma, thirteen cases(72%) had type 1, one(6%) had type 2, and four(22%) had dual infections with both types. In case of NK/T cell lymphoma(14 cases) occupying 78% of 18 biopsy samples, 86%(12 cases) were associated with type 1, 7%(1 case) with type 2, and 7%(1 case) with both types. In case of Hodgkin's disease, all of three cases had both types. B cell lymphoma taking only one case of twenty two cases was determined as type 1. CONCLUSION: These observations indicated that type 1 EBV was predominant in Korean patients with malignant lymphoma, especially NK/T cell lymphoma and showed high frequency of dual viral infections(22%) in Hodgkin's disease as well as in reactive hyperplasia.
Biopsy ; Blotting, Southern ; Clinical Coding ; DNA ; DNA Primers ; Genotype ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Korea* ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, B-Cell

PURPOSE: To describe the emergence of the North Texas Korean American Nurses Society (NTKANS) and to examine its sociocultural contributions to Korean immigrant societies in the U.S. for the last half century. METHODS: The study used retrospective historical analysis to explore the first North Texas Korean immigrant nurses' footsteps. Using Christy's historical research methodology, this study explored themes found in the NTKANS Minutes, the directories, and newspapers, and compared them with historical nursing contexts found in documents, immigrant nurse's pictures, and letters. Interviews with twenty first immigrant Korean nurses, the members, were also used as main data. RESULTS: Since its emergence in 1969, the NTKANS have contributed to local Korean societies through community medical services, financial supports to local Korean associations, local publications, and opening Korean school. In addition, the society has contributed to the other Korean immigrant nursing societies in the U.S. CONCLUSION: The sociocultural contributions NTKANS had made to Korean immigrant societies were not possible without its members' enormous efforts, personal struggles, and altruistic dedications. The trials and tribulations these immigrant nurses have overcome and the achievements they made for last half century would greatly inspire students and nurses in Korea who may seek international leadership and scholarship.
Achievement ; Anniversaries and Special Events ; Asian Americans ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; Financial Support ; Humans ; Korea ; Leadership ; Periodicals ; Research Design ; Retrospective Studies ; Societies, Nursing ; Texas

Essential palmar hyperhidrosis is a disease characterized by excessive perspiration on the palms and hands due to the hyperaction of sympathetic nervous discharge. In severe cases, excessive sweating is seen on the face, axilla, trunk, and soles. Several therapeutic modalities were applied but surgical resection of the sympathetic ganglion is the only curative method. Numerous open surgeries of the thoracic sympathetic ganglia for the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis have been advocated, but they have also produced several complications. A new therapeutic technique for this disorder has been introduced by combining a thoracoscope and video system. Nowadays, thoracoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy is accepted as the treatment of choice for essential palmar hyperhidrosis. This technique is safe and easy. It also reduces the operating time and admission period. It has also very few complications. Compensatory hyperhidrosis on the trunk, back, and thigh, etc. is commonly an unwanted and unsolved complication after thoracic sympathectomy. Through my experience of thoracic sympathectomy, I thought that the incidence of compensatory hyperhidrosis was closely related to the extent of thoracic sympathectomy. So I restricted the extent of thoracic sympathectomy as a T2 sympathetic ganglion from September 1995. From Mar., 1989 To Aug., 1995, T2, T3 sympathetic ganglionectomies were performed for palmar hyperhidrosis patients and from Sept. 1995 T2 sympathetic ganglionectomies were performed. Using questionnaires, I compared these 2 groups. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1) Using thoracoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy, operating time, admission period and complications could be reduced. 2) The risk of bleeding during the operation(especially bleeding from the hemiazygous vein) could be reduced in the T2 sympathectomy group. 3) The treatment effect of T2 sympathectomy is no different from T2, T3 sympathectomy for essential palmar hyperhidrosis. 4) The incidence of compensatory hyperhidrosis is less in the T2 sympathectomy group than in the T2, T3 sympathectomy group. From the above results, I concluded thoracoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy is the treatment of choice for essential palmar hyperhidrosis and the adequate extent for sympathectomy is T2 sympathetic ganglion.
Axilla ; Ganglia, Sympathetic ; Ganglionectomy ; Hand ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyperhidrosis* ; Incidence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Sympathectomy* ; Thigh ; Thoracoscopes

No abstract available.
Neurons*

The traditional treatment for the femoral shaft fractures in children is closed reduction by continuous traction, usually for 2–3 weeks, until the fracture has achieved partial stability, followed by spica cast immobilization. Fifty three cases, from 3 to 10 years of age, has been treated with closed reduction and immediate application of hip spica csst; all of them were closed fractures of femoral shaft and were not associated with head, abdominal, or vascular injuries. Any angulations in excess of acceptable ranges were corrected with wedging the cast; any overridings in excess of acceptable ranges were corrected by skeletal traction for 1 week, followed by incorporation of the pin to the cast. The resultant overriding and angulation of fragments were within acceptable ranges, and complications were not significant.This method of treatment not only is likely easy in nursing care and comfortsble to the patients but also has some advantages of short stay in the hospital, better utilization of hospital beds, and costsaving. This immediate hip spica cast immobilization seems to be a good method of treatment for the femoral shaft fracture in children.
Child ; Clinical Study ; Fractures, Closed ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Methods ; Nursing Care ; Traction ; Vascular System Injuries

The purpose of this study was to identify the trends and contents of intervention towards children using meta analysis, to support the basis for using in the field and research method about nursing intervention. We used 27 materials which was reported from 1970 to August, 1999 : dissertation study and Korean Nurses' Academic society Journals, the Journal of Korean Academic society of Adult Nursing, The Korea Journal of Maternal and Child Health Nursing. The types of intervention we used came from 3 different researchers. Snyder showed cognitive, movement, social sensory intervention. McCloskey & Bulechek categorized as the following : self-care assistance, acute care management, life-style alteration, health promotion, life support intervention, Craft & Denehy classified psychosocial intervention and biophysiological intervention. Some findings are summarized as follow : Out of the 27 researches sensory intervention had the most in there thesis, recently cognitive intervention research has a tendency to increase. 18 researches has acute care management in there theses, and health promotion was found the least. Out of the 27 thesis 15 thesis was classified as biophysiological intervention and 12 had psychosocial. 27 thesis had 11 types of interventions which originally was categorized by Snyder, therefore sensory intervention thesis had the most. 11 types of intervention which originally was classified by McClosky & Bulechek, teaching and information had the most out of acute care management. Out of 27 thesis, 14 had dealt with newborns, especially newborns with sensory intervention. Therefore school age and above had cognitive intervention which was used for teaching and information. Infants, preschool, schoolage children received acute care management the most, health promotion intervention was used towards adolescences. Depending on the characteristics of dependent variables, it was analysed using meta however 17 thesis are possible except primary experimental research. Mean effect size comparison by Snyder classification, cognitive intervention was the largest mean(1.51), sensory intervention was larger(0.71) also, movement intervention was in the middle(0.56) as shown. Comparison done by McClosky & Bulechek, the intervention leading to life style alteration was the largest mean(1.97), teaching was used the most. Comparison by Craft & Denehy classification, psychosocial intervention was larger(1.15) than biophysiological intervention (0.67). The result of nursing intervention through age classification, the largest weighted mean effect size in the research was towards infants and neonates. The research which was focused on nursing intervention, has important meaning in nursing practice and knowledge development. When we know that children`s nursing intervention is necessary and overcome our biased view, efficiency of children's nursing intervention are increased and professionalized. Therefore results will be important basic data to guide a development of child nursing intervention & classification.
Adult ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Child Care ; Child* ; Classification ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Life Style ; Nursing* ; Self Care ; Child Health