No abstract available.
Ambulatory Care* ; Osteoarthritis*

No abstract available.
Blood Glucose* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature*

PURPOSE: Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease has been made by fetal echocardiography and its clinical impact on the outcome of CHD cases has been analysed. METHODS: A prospective study was performed for the fetal diagnosis of CHD for the standard risk pregnancy, confirmed postnatally or at second study and/or at autopsy and/or follow up at CHA hospital in 2001. Incidence of CHD has been calculated and compared to the incidence of CHD of the prescreening period(1992.3-1995.2). RESULTS: There were 66 cases of CHD prenatally during the study period. CHD consisted of 7 cases of ventricular septal defects(VSD), 7 cases of tetralogy of Fallot(TOF), 5 cases of heterotaxy, 5 cases of double outlet right ventricle(DORV), 5 cases of severe pulmonary stenosis(PS), 3 cases of hypoplastic left heart syndrome(HLHS), 3 cases of coarctation, 3 cases of critical aortic stenosis(AS), 3 cases of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum(PA IVS). Among 66 fetal CHD cases, 30 cases of CHD has been terminated, 1 case died in utero and 23 cases has been delivered at cardiac center through planned delivery. The most common factors of termination were extracardiac and chromosomal anomaly. 17 cases of false negative diagnosis were small VSD and mild PS that couldn't be diagnosed in fetal stage. There was no false positive diagnosis. There were 30 cases of CHDs born in 2001 at CHA hospital. 28 cases were diagnosed postnatally. Among 30 cases of CHDs, there were 18 cases of VSD(17 small VSD), 6 cases of mild PS, 4 ASD, 1 PDA. Incidence rate of CHD in 2001 and period 1992.3-1995.2 were 5.95 and 10.15/1,000 livebirth respectively. CONCLUSION: The data suggested that all of the significant CHDs could be diagnosed prenatally accurately by fetal echocardiography. And the incidence rate of CHD has been decreased by 41.4%. And the most of the complex CHD has been transferred to the cardiac center for planned delivery or has been terminated. The rate of termination was 45.5%.
Autopsy ; Diagnosis* ; Echocardiography* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Incidence ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Prospective Studies ; Pulmonary Atresia

Approximately 50 % of patients with scleritis are known to be associated with systemic connective tissue diseases or vasculitic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Wegener's granulomatosis, relapsing polychondritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The patients with scleritis in association with Behcet's disease (BD) have been rarely described in the literature. We report a 46-year-old female patient with BD who developed the nodular scleritis.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use ; Behcet's Syndrome/drug therapy ; Behcet's Syndrome/diagnosis* ; Behcet's Syndrome/complications* ; Case Report ; Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Human ; Middle Age ; Prednisolone/therapeutic use ; Scleritis/drug therapy ; Scleritis/diagnosis* ; Scleritis/complications*

OBJECTIVE: Cartoons have been known to motivate learners and make learning process easier by combining verbal and visual effects. But they are mostly applied to motivate the less able learners, and have limits in delivering comprehensive information. Thus, more careful and scientific validation for the pros and cons of using cartoons for everyday use in various subjects is in need. METHODS: In this research, we used Electroencephalography(EEG) to compare cartoon learning and text learning by measuring four characteristic brainwaves including theta, alpha, sensory motor rhythms(SMR), and beta, from the left and right brain. The EEG signals acquired from 24 subjects are analyzed using the mean difference of the left and right brain and canonical correlation analysis. RESULTS: The theta brainwave of the left brain and right brain shows significant differences (p<0.05) from cartoon learning versus text learning in the theta brainwave while the other brain waves show similar patterns. CONCLUSION: Cartoon learning produced significantly stronger theta brainwaves than text learning implicating that cartoon learning reduces more focused attention, SMR brainwaves and beta brainwaves from the left brain explained cartoon learning and text learning process while alpha brainwaves explained those processes in the right brain.
Brain ; Brain Waves ; Electroencephalography ; Learning

No abstract available.
Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Immunoglobulin A*

This study was carried out to investigate the morphologic characteristics and localization of antigenic molecules of Pneumocystis carinii in experimentally induced P. carinii pneumonia in rats. After six weeks of administration of low protein diet and dexamethasone, Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed to submit lungs or bronchoalveolar lavage for the study. Monoclonal (092, 900, 902, and 904) and polyclonal (SP-D) antibodies were used for immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy (ITEM and ISEM). Immunohistochemically P. carinii organisms were well identified as clusters or separated forms in the alveolar spaces being frequently attached to the alveolar walls. Immunoelectron microscopically the adherences of gold particles were observed on the surface of all stages of the P. carinii. Occasionally positive immunogold labeling was observed in the cytoplasm of the trophozoites and on the pellicle of the intracystic bodies within the cysts. The monoclonal antibodies 092, 900, 902, and 904 reacted mainly with pellicles of P. carinii, whereas SP-D labeled on the pellicles, intracystic bodies, cytoplasms of the alveolar macrophages, and free floated surfactant material in the alveolar spaces. The immunogold particles were observed more diffusely and intensely in the cysts than in the trophozoites. These results indicate that antigen is mainly localized on the pellicles, and accumulated during development from the trophozoite to the cyst stages.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Cytoplasm ; Dexamethasone ; Diet, Protein-Restricted ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Pneumocystis carinii* ; Pneumocystis* ; Pneumonia ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Trophozoites

This study was carried out to investigate the mechanisms of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis of rats after the intratracheal administration of bleomycin. Both lungs after bleomycin injection were examined by light and electron microscopy. The results are as follows: Light microscopically, 1 or 2 weeks after bleomycin injection acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrates and edema in the interstitium and alveolar spaces were observed. Proliferation of alveolar type II pneumocytes was also found at 4 to 6 weeks after bleomycin injection, chronic inflammatory infiltrates with interstitial fibrous thickening were noted. Electron microscopically, the number of type II pneumocytes and irregular lamellar bodies were increased and blunted microvilli were noted at 2 weeks. 4 to 8 weeks, proliferation of fibroblasts with deposition of abundant collagen fibrils in the thickened interstitium revealing irregular or collapsed alveolar spaces were observed. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that bleomycin-induced interstitial pulmonary fibrosis is considered to pass from an early acute inflammation of the interstitium and alveolar spaces to an interstitial fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition to the length of the period after injection.
Rats ; Animals

No abstract available.
Humans ; Longitudinal Ligaments* ; Spine*

The pulmonary microvasculatures of rats were studied by injection replicas prepared from Mercox. This medium enabled us to easily obtain consistent, stable, and complete injected replicas of the pulmonary vasculature. In order to investigate the three dimensional structures of the tributaries of the bronchial artery, such as the capillary plexus and vasa vasorum, we performed a scanning electron microscopic(SEM) study of the vascular casts, using Mercox CL-2B as a media. The alveolar capillaries revealed hexagonal or pentagonal rings of vascular networks. In some areas, the vascular rings composed a square network, The bronchial tree was supplied by the bronchial arteries which form a coarse capillary extending as far as the terminal bronchioles. Occasionally the capillary plexus was connected with adjacent capillary networks in and around the alveolar walls. The walls of the pulmonary artery revealed only a single layer of the vasa vasorum, but those of the pulmonary vein were surrounded by more complicated and well developed vasa vasorum than the pulmonary arterial side. The mean diameters of the venous vasa vasorum are greater than the arterial vasa vasorum.
Rats ; Animals