No abstract available.
Dwarfism*

Diencephalic syndrome is a rare cause of failure to thrive in infancy and early childhood. The syndrome is characterized by profound emaciation with normal appetite, loss of cutaneous adipose tissue, hyperactivity, euphoria, and nystagmus. It commonly occurs in association with chiasmatic and hypothalamic gliomas. It has also been described in association with other histologic types. There is the marked increase of serum growth hormone, which may exhibit an inappropriate, even paradoxical response in stimulation test. A male infant of 12 months of age, showed markedly elevated growth hormone but he had failure to thrive findings. Evenly enhanced round mass was seen at suprasella area in brain CT. Its histological findings was "Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma", very rare histologic type. Here we report a case of diencephalic syndrome presented by failure to thrive in association with hypothalamic tumors.
Adipose Tissue ; Appetite ; Brain ; Emaciation ; Euphoria ; Failure to Thrive ; Glioma ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Hypothalamic Neoplasms ; Infant ; Male

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis, characterized by dry, flasky, easily irritated skin, is the most common form of dermatitis seen during childhood. Infants with atopic dermatitis and other eczematous conditions need special dermatologic care to hydrate their skin and to minimize contact with irritants or allergens. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the skin products developed for children. METHODS: Twenty-eight normal children and 26 children with atopic dermatitis were evaluated clinically after using following commercal skin products : (lotion, cream, shampoo, soap, face wash wash) for 2 weeks. Water content of the skin of 14 volunteers was measured serialy over 8 haurs at 2 hour intervals after the application of each skin product. The skin pH of 16 volunteers was also measured serialy over 60 minutes at 30 minute intervals after application. We performed visual skin erythema grading, skin erythema grading by dermaspectrometer, transepidermal water loss measurement, skin water content measurement, and keratinocyte morphology observation by D-squame after the application of the skin products to 13 volunteers for 4 days.
Allergens ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Child ; Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Erythema ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infant ; Irritants ; Keratinocytes ; Keratosis, Seborrheic ; Skin* ; Soaps ; Volunteers

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular injury is a potentially fatal complication of blunt chest trauma. The diagnosis of cardiovascular injury in blunt chest trauma is not easy because of concomittent injuries of thoracic cage or lungs and early death from cardiovascular injury. Diagnostic tools such as electrocardiography or cardiac enzyme studies are not specific to cardiovascular injury. Two-demensional echocardiography can visualize anatomic and functional disturbances from cardiovascular injuries in patients with blunt chest trauma. Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of echocardiography in detecting cardiovascular injury of patients with blunt chest trauma. METHODS: We performed echocardiography for detecting cardiovascular injury in 151 patients with significant blunt chest trauma including sternal fracture, multiple rib fractures or pulmonary contusion. Echocardiography was performed within 6 hours since patient arrived emergency department. Electrocardiography was traced on arrival and 24 hours after admission. Serial determinations of cardiac enzymes including MB fraction of creatinine phosphokinase were also performed every 8 hours after admission. RESULTS: 37(25%) patients had echocardiographic evidences of cardiovascular injury. Abnormal echocardiographic findings were 10 pericardial effusion, 9 regional wall motion abnormality(RWMA) outright ventricle, 5 aortic injuries, 4 reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, 3 RWMA of left ventricle, 2 right ventricular dilatation, 2 valve injuries, and 2 other cardiovascular injuries. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were associated with echocardiographic findings. However, CK-MB/CK ratio was not associated with echocardiographic findings. Significant proportion(65%) of patients with abnormal echocardiographic findings needed cardiovascular management during hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Two-dimensional echocardiography is useful for detecting cardiovascular injury. Echocardiographic abnormality in blunt chest trauma is associated with high probability of need of cardiovascular management.
Contusions ; Creatinine ; Diagnosis* ; Dilatation ; Echocardiography* ; Electrocardiography ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Lung ; Pericardial Effusion ; Rib Fractures ; Stroke Volume ; Thorax*

Hemiplegic migraine is characterized by the occurrence of migraine attacks with unilateral weakness. The attack usually starts in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The diagnosis may be delayed if there is no relevant family history. We experienced two cases of hemiplegic migraine of 8 and 14 years old girls whose neuroimaging studies including MRA showed no abnormal findings in the acute phases and the ictal EEG findings also revealed normal. The hemiplegic attacks associated with sensory disturbance were improved by calcium channel blocker(Flunarizine). Hemiplegic migraine should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a pediatric hemiparesis even if there is no familial migraine history.
Adolescent ; Calcium Channels ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Flunarizine ; Humans ; Migraine Disorders* ; Neuroimaging ; Paresis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the experience of Korean graduate nursing students' stressor, response, and coping. METHODS: Interviews were conducted with 37 students using broad, open-ended questions. Individual demographics were also collected. Focus Group Research was used to investigate the experience of these graduate nursing students. Data were gathered through audio taped interviews and analyzed using the Collazzi method. RESULTS: The findings related to stressors revealed 5 major themes (loading related to study, conflicts with hospital and occupation, difficulty of home management, destruction of biorhythm, loading of economy and pay for photocopying) and 15 relevant subthemes. The findings related to responses revealed 4 major themes (negative change in body, negative change in mental state, negative emotion and response about family, psychosocial loading - and 32 relevant subthemes. The findings related to coping revealed 12 major themes; for example, social support, interpretation positively, self disclosure, devoted study, temporary avoidance - and 16 relevant subthemes. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that nurses, hospitals, and other graduate schools should continue to develop of stress management programs and their linkages with more comprehensive integrated health delivery system.
Demography ; Focus Groups* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Occupations ; Periodicity ; Self Disclosure ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs for pediatric palliative care (PPC) among parents of children with complex chronic conditions (CCCs) and to investigate differences in the needs for PPC according to their general characteristics. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between March 28 and May 18, 2018. Parents (N=96) who had a child under 18 years with a CCC were recruited. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The overall average need for PPC was 3.58±0.33 out of 4.00. In terms of care for the subjects' children, the highest need was physical care, followed by psychosocial and spiritual care. In the sub-dimensions, preservation of physical function received the highest score. Of the items, the highest need was for seizure control. In terms of care for the subjects themselves, the highest need was for psychosocial care, followed by bereavement and spiritual care. In the sub-dimensions, communication received the highest score. Of the items, the highest need was for smooth communication with medical staff. Differences in needs for PPC according to participants' general characteristics were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Medical staff should provide PPC according to the priorities of parents' perceived needs.
Bereavement ; Child* ; Chronic Disease ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Medical Staff ; Needs Assessment ; Palliative Care* ; Parents* ; Seizures

No abstract available.
Receptors, Nicotinic*

Black-pigmented bacteria have been implicated in the endodontic infections. This group of microorganisms includes Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescens. The organisms display a wide variety of virulence factors that may be pertinent to acute endodontic infections. The aim of this study was to identify P. endodontalis, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and P. nigrescens by using special potency disk test, filter paper spot test, 16S rRNA gene-directed PCR, and API 32A. Microbial samples were collected from root canals of 33 intact teeth with necrotic pulp and/or apical periodontitis. Conventional laboratory methods were used for identification of the strains of black pigmented bacteria. Eighteen of 33 samples were positive for the growth of black-pigmented bacrteria. Five colonies were cultured from each pure cultured colonies from Brucella agar plate. Seventy seven colonies were positive for the growth of black-pigmented bacteria. Thirty three of 77(42.6%) were identifed as P. nigrescens, 10 of 77(12.9%) were P. gingivalis, 6 of 77(7.8%) were P. endodontalis, 10 of 77(12.9%) were P. intermedia. On the contrary the reference strains of P. nigrescens, experimental strains of P. nigrescens was sensitive to kanamycin in special potency disk test. 16S rRNA gene PCR and API test after rapid presumptative identification methods, such as special potency disk test and filter paper spot test, would be accurate detection methods for black-pigemented bacteria.
Agar ; Bacteria ; Brucella ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Genes, rRNA ; Kanamycin ; Periapical Periodontitis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Porphyromonas endodontalis ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Prevotella intermedia ; Prevotella nigrescens ; Tooth ; Virulence Factors

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of ear infections. We attempted to evaluate the clinical usefulness of arbekacin in treating chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) by comparing its clinical efficacy and toxicity with those of vancomycin. Efficacy was classified according to bacterial elimination or bacteriologic failure and improved or failed clinical efficacy response. Ninety-five subjects were diagnosed with CSOM caused by MRSA. Twenty of these subjects were treated with arbekacin, and 36 with vancomycin. The bacteriological efficacy (bacterial elimination, arbekacin vs. vancomycin: 85.0% vs. 97.2%) and improved clinical efficacy (arbekacin vs. vancomycin; 90.0% vs. 97.2%) were not different between the two groups. However, the rate of complications was higher in the vancomycin group (33.3%) than in the arbekacin group (5.0%) (P=0.020). In addition, a total of 12 adverse reactions were observed in the vancomycin group; two for hepatotoxicity, one for nephrotoxicity, eight for leukopenia, two for skin rash, and one for drug fever. It is suggested that arbekacin be a good alternative drug to vancomycin in treatment of CSOM caused by MRSA.
Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage ; Chronic Disease ; Dibekacin/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/*drug effects ; Middle Aged ; Otitis Media, Suppurative/diagnosis/*drug therapy/microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis/*drug therapy/microbiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Vancomycin/*administration & dosage ; Young Adult