CT is a valuable method in determining number, location and extent of lesions, although a definite diagnosisis often not possible on CT. In intracranial tuberculosis, CT was helpful in the diagnosis, assessing the degreeof hydrocephalus and evaluating the effectiveness of antituberculous therapy. Twenty-one cases of clinical lyproven intracranial tuberculosis were studied by CT in our hospital during last 3 years. Of them, eighteen caseswere tuberculous meningitis and the rests were tuberculoma. The results were as follows; 1. Tuberculous meningitis presented the following three patterns of CT findings according to its disease process. a. In early stage of the disease, suspcious multiple isodense small nodules in the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres showed dense enhancement in postcontrast scan representing miliary tubercles. b. In later stage of the disease, precontrastscan showed partial or total obliteration of the basal and sylvian cisterns with mild dilatation of ventricularsystem. Postcontrast scan showed dense enhancement of basal and sylvian sisterns. This type of finding was themost common in our series. c. Moderate to marked dilatation of ventricle with or without a cluster ofcalcifications in suprsella area on precontrast scan was seen in far later stage or as a sequellae of the disease. No enhancement was noted in postcontrast study. 2. Tuberculoma showed an isodense or slightly hyperdense area inthe cerebral or cerebellar hemisphere with associated minimal edema in precontrast study. Postcontrast scan showeda small ring enhancement with central lucent area.
Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Edema ; Hydrocephalus ; Methods ; Tuberculoma ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal

The advent of computerized cranial tomography made a greater advance in the diagnosis of very wide variety of intracranial lesions. Authors analyzed 58 pathologically proven sellar and parasellar tumors examined at Kyung Hee Un-iversity Hospital from Oct. 1977 to Jun. 1981 and the results were as follows; 1. The distribution of the tumors is 28 pituitary adenomas, 18 craniopharyngiomas, 5 meningiomas, 4 germinomas, 2 astrocytomas, and 1 sphenoid mucocele. 2. In pituitary adenoma, the precontrast CT scan of tumors appeared as isodensity in 11 cases, mixed density in 8 cases, high density in 6 cases, and low density in 3 cases, and associated with destruction of sellar turcica in 15 cases, calcification in 3 cases, and hydrocephalus in 2 cases. The postcontrast CT scan study revealed 24 cases of contrast enhancement, including 17 cases of homogenous and 7 cases of ring or rim enhancement. 3. In craniopharyngioma, the precontrast CT scan of tumors appeared as low density in 12 cases, isodensity in 4 cases and high density in 2 cases and associated with calcification in 16 cases, hydrocephalus in 15 cases and destruction of sellar turcica in 2 cases. The postcontrast CT scan study revealed no enhancement in 10 cases and contrast enhancement in 8 cases including 6 of ring enhancement and 2 heterogenous enhancement.
Astrocytoma ; Craniopharyngioma ; Diagnosis ; Germinoma ; Hydrocephalus ; Meningioma ; Mucocele ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Paragonimiasis is widely distributed in Far East and Southeast Asia, particularly in Korea. The centralnervous system is the most frequent location for paragonimiasis outside the lungs. We analized the computedtomographic findings of 17 cases which were diagnosed pathologically and clinically as cerebral paragonimiasis.The results were as follows; 1. The ratio of male to female was 10:7 and about 88% of cases were under the age of40 years. 2. The common location so cerebral paragonimiasis were the occipital (12 cases ) and temporal (11 cases) lobes. 3. Precontrast CT findings of cerebral paragonimiasis were low density with calcifications in 6 cases,low and isodensities in 4 cases, mixed densities in 3 cases, only low density in 2 cases and only calcification sin 2 cases. Hydrocephalus (7 cases), mass effect (6 cases), atrophic change(6 cases) and cyst formation (3 cases)were associated. 4. The shape of calcifications in CT scan were soap-bubble or ring in 6 cases, nodular or oval in6 cases, stippled in 4 cases and amorphous conglomerated in 2 cases. 5. The contrast-enhanced 8 cases were 5 ringor rim like, 2 nodular and 1 irregular enhancements, while 9 cases were not enhanced.
Asia, Southeastern ; Far East ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Korea ; Lung ; Male ; Paragonimiasis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

We reviewed the clinical courses and surgical results of 32 children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction since June, 1985. Major presenting features were abdominal mass and urinary infection in children less then 3 years old and pain was the most frequent presenting symptom in older children. Five children had bilateral involvement. Thirty two pyeloplasties and four nephrectomies were done in 36 renal units. Preoperatively six children had been managed with percutanous nephrostomy due to pyonephrosis, azotemia and marginal renal function. Radiographic and/or functional improvement were recognized in 30 kidneys(94%) In solitary kidney, bilateral involvement, severe infection and redo case, stent and/or nephrostomy applied. Neither stent nor nephrostomy was used in 25 operations and the results were satisfactory in all. Urinary infection might have affected the surgical results inspite of preoperative control. Postoperatively transient urinary leakage developed in 4 children and bacteriuria in 11 but disappeared soon. Excretory urography was performed in all and was enough to diagnose in most patients but in recent period we evaluated the ultrasound study and radioisotope renal scan. We feel these methods are satisfactory in the diagnosis and follow-up of UPJ obstruction and IVP is not always mandatory.
Azotemia ; Bacteriuria ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney ; Nephrectomy ; Pyonephrosis ; Stents ; Ultrasonography ; Urography

We reviewed the clinical courses and surgical results of 32 children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction since June, 1985. Major presenting features were abdominal mass and urinary infection in children less then 3 years old and pain was the most frequent presenting symptom in older children. Five children had bilateral involvement. Thirty two pyeloplasties and four nephrectomies were done in 36 renal units. Preoperatively six children had been managed with percutanous nephrostomy due to pyonephrosis, azotemia and marginal renal function. Radiographic and/or functional improvement were recognized in 30 kidneys(94%) In solitary kidney, bilateral involvement, severe infection and redo case, stent and/or nephrostomy applied. Neither stent nor nephrostomy was used in 25 operations and the results were satisfactory in all. Urinary infection might have affected the surgical results inspite of preoperative control. Postoperatively transient urinary leakage developed in 4 children and bacteriuria in 11 but disappeared soon. Excretory urography was performed in all and was enough to diagnose in most patients but in recent period we evaluated the ultrasound study and radioisotope renal scan. We feel these methods are satisfactory in the diagnosis and follow-up of UPJ obstruction and IVP is not always mandatory.
Azotemia ; Bacteriuria ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney ; Nephrectomy ; Pyonephrosis ; Stents ; Ultrasonography ; Urography

Cystic renal cell carcinoma includes any malignant neoplasm of renal tubular epithelium which presents as fluid-filled mass. We reviewed 11 patients of cystic renal cell carcinoma to identify the clinical radiologic and pathologic characteristics of the tumor. The clinical feature of cystic renal cell carcinoma was similar to those which are solid. There are four basic pathologic mechanisms resulting in cystic renal cell carcinoma :intrinsic multiloculated growth (3 patients), intrinsic unilocular growth (1 patient), cystic necrosis (6 patients), and origin from the epithelial lining of a preexisting simple cyst (1 patient). There are three basic radiologic patterns of cystic renal cell carcinoma :unilocular cystic mass (6 patients), multiloculated cystic mass (3 patients), and discrete mural nodule in a cystic mass (2 patients).
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Necrosis

Cardiovascular complications are major sources of morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients. To assess the prevalence of anatomical and functional abnormalities of the heart in such patients, we studied total 67 sujects with systemic hypertension and hypertensive cardiovascular disease by echocardiography. Accordingly normal values of echocardiography from 27 control subjects, we found each significant change(p<0.05). of the septal thickness, left ventricular mass, mitral valve E-F slope and aortic dimension on the both groups, but functional measurements did only show significant change on the hypertensive cardiovascular group in contrast to hypertensive subjects group. The prevalence of the echocardiographic abnormalities on the simple hypertensive subjects group who have no abnormal 12-lead E.C.G. or Chest X-rays are orderly 14 subjects(64%) on the aortic root dimension, 9 subjects (41%) on the left ventricular posterior free-wall thickness and 7 subjects(32%) on the septal thickness. These findings demonstrated a high prevalence of cardiac abnormalities in a population of asymptomatic hypertensive subjects. And these abnormalities can be detected well by echocardiography before they were otherwise apparent.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Echocardiography* ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Mitral Valve ; Mortality ; Prevalence ; Reference Values ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: Nonimmune hydrops fetalis has become an important perinatal problem since it was first described in 1943. Although recent advances in antenatal ultrasound have made it possible to detect and manage nonimmune hydrops fetalis in early pregnancy, the perinatal mortality is still high. OBJECTIVE: To obtain clinically useful data regarding antenatal diagnosis, management, and perinatal outcomes of nonimmune hydrops fetalis, and to assist clinicians offer proper antepartum counseling and obstetric management which may be able to improve prognosis. Study design: We retrospectively reviewed 33 cases of nonimmune hydrops fetalis delivered in our hospital over a 4-year period. RESULTS: The antenatal diagnosis was possible by ultrasonography in all cases. Accumulation of fluid in fetal serous cavity and generalized skin edema were observed in all cases. A probable etiology was found in 23 (69.7%) cases through ultrasonography, various laboratory studies including fetal karyotyping, and autopsies. These were cardiovascular (4), respiratory (6), chromosomal (4), skeletal (1), and others (8). Despite extensive diagnostic studies, no definite etiology was found in 10 (30.3%) cases. Excluding the ten fetuses delivered after induced abortion, eight infants were born alive and six died in the neonatal period. The mortality rate was 91.3% (21/23). CONCLUSION: Nonimmune hydrops fetalis represents a very poor perinatal outcome. It is suggested that to improve the prognosis, various antenatal and postnatal approaches to find associated etiologic factors should be performed, and intensive perinatal cares are needed.
Abortion, Induced ; Autopsy ; Counseling ; Edema ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Hydrops Fetalis* ; Infant ; Karyotyping ; Mortality ; Perinatal Mortality ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiologic findings of granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen cases (fifteen tumors) of pathologically confirmed ovarian granulosa cell tumor were retrospectively analyzed on the basis of CT (n=10), MR imaging (n=4), and ultrasound (n=7) findings. The patients' mean age was 44.3 (range, 5-71) years. RESULTS: The mean diameter of the tumors was 12.1 (range, 5-26.5)cm. Thirteen cases were unilateral, and one was bilateral. Eleven tumors (ten cases) were mainly solid and eight of these had focal cystic components. Multilocular cysts accounted for three cases, and in two of these, mural nodules were present. One case was a unilocular cyst with no mural nodule. Ten cases were well demarcated. All the solid tumors were enhanced on postcontrast CT and MR imaging. Endometrial thickening was seen in five cases, ascites in six, and peritoneal implants or omental fat infiltration in five. One was associated with lymph node metastasis. All the postmenopausal patients had solid tumors, whereas 66.7% (4 of 6 cases) of young adults and children had cystic tumors. CONCLUSION: Granulosa cell tumors of the ovary were solid or cystic; the former were more common. There were no characteristic findings which permitted definitive differentiation from other ovarian tumors.
Ascites ; Child ; Female ; Granulosa Cell Tumor* ; Granulosa Cells* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovary* ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
alpha-Fetoproteins* ; Mass Screening*