Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of depression on relationship between sense of loss and suicidal ideation among Rural Elders use Primary Health Care Post's Services. Methods: This study was conducted using a descriptive survey design. Participants were 345 rural elders use Primary Health Care Post's Services in Jeollanam-do. Data were collected from August 1 to 31, 2017 using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, hierarchical regression and Sobel test with SPSS 21.0. Results: There were significant positive correlations between sense of loss, depression and suicidal ideation. It was found that physical loss is very high and significantly different only subjective health status on suicidal ideation. Also, Depression partially mediated the relationship between sense of loss and suicidal ideation of Rural Elders. Addtionally, The results show that depression plays a key role in suicidal ideation of Rural Elders. Conclusions Based on the present findings, nursing interventions should be developed to decrease depression, with additional consideration towards sense of loss, specially physical loss, in order to prevent suicidal ideation among Rural Elders use Primary Health Care Post's Services.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of experiential avoidance on the impact of childhood trauma and parent problem drinking on problem drinking of the university student children of theses parents. METHODS: This study was conducted using a descriptive survey design. Participants were 250 university students from four universities in Gwangju city, Jeollanam-do, Jeollabuk-do, and Gyongsangnam-do. Data were collected from March 2 to March 31 2015 using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0. RESULTS: There were significant positive correlations between childhood trauma, parent problem drinking, experiential avoidance and university students' problem drinking. It was found that experiential avoidance partially mediated the relationship between parent problem drinking and university students' problem drinking. Also, it was found that experiential avoidance fully mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and university students' problem drinking. CONCLUSION: Based on the present findings, nursing interventions should be developed to decrease experiential avoidance, with additional consideration of childhood trauma and parent problem drinking, in order to prevent problem drinking among university students.
Alcohol Drinking ; Child* ; Drinking* ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Jeollanam-do ; Negotiating* ; Nursing ; Parents

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of alcohol outcome expectancy and depression on the relation between parents' problematic drinking and their collegiate children's problematic drinking. METHODS: This study was conducted using a descriptive survey design. Subjects were 342 university students from three universities in Gwangju city and Jeollanamdo. Data were collected from November to December 2013 using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0. RESULTS: Of the participants, 31.0% were in the adult children of alcoholics (ACOA) group. The ACOA group scored significantly higher on problem drinking, alcohol outcome expectancy, and depression measures than did the non-ACOA group. There were significant positive correlations between parent problematic drinking and university students' alcohol outcome expectancy, depression and, problematic drinking. It was also found that alcohol outcome expectancy partially mediated the relationship between parent problematic drinking and their children's problematic drinking. This was not found for depression. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the present findings, nursing interventions should be developed to decrease alcohol outcome expectancy, with additional consideration regarding depression, in order to prevent problematic drinking among ACOA.
Adult Children ; Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholics ; Child* ; Depression* ; Drinking* ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Negotiating* ; Nursing ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to construct and test a hypothetical model about impact of parents' problem drinking on suicidal ideation of their children who are university students and the multiple mediating effects of childhood trauma, experiential avoidance, and depression based on stress-vulnerability model. METHODS: A purposive sample of 400 university students was recruited from three universities in provincial areas and the data were collected between October and November 2016. The collected data were then analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 programs. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were performed. Multiple mediating effects analysis using phantom variable and bootstrapping were implemented to verify the mediating effect of the research model. RESULTS: We found no significant direct effect on depression and suicidal ideation of parents' problem drinking, but multiple mediating effects of childhood trauma and experiential avoidance between parents' problem drinking and depression (B=.38, p=.001). The path from parents' problem drinking to suicidal ideation was significantly mediated by childhood trauma and depression (B=.02, p=.016) and by childhood trauma, experiential avoidance, and depression (B=.05, p=.011), but experiential avoidance did not have a significant direct effect on suicidal ideation (B=.02, p=.616). CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, it can be suggested that in order to decrease depression and prevent suicide of university students, considering of parents' problem drinking and childhood trauma, intervention methods that decreased chronic use of experiential avoidance and strengthen acceptance should be developed and made available to them.
Child* ; Depression* ; Drinking* ; Humans ; Negotiating* ; Parents ; Psychological Trauma ; Statistics as Topic ; Suicidal Ideation* ; Suicide

BACKGROUND: Although lack of exercise is well known to be a risk factor of osteoporosis, it is unclear whether weight-bearing exercise has different effects on bone mineral density compared to non weight-bearing exercise, and the amount of exercise needed to prevent osteoporosis is not clearly defined. This study was performed to clarify the relations between the type and the amount of exercise with BMD. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 3,661 women who had undertaken health screening including BMD measurement at Health Promotion Center of SNUH between May 1997 and March 1999. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, menarche, childbirth andexercise were gathered by means of self-reported questionnaire, and BMD was measured using DEXA. RESULTS: The number of women with lumbar osteoporosis were 601 (16.4%) and femoral neck osteoporosis 372 (10.2%). Lumbar osteoporosis occurred more frequently with increasing age and age at menarche, and in menopausal women, but less frequently with increasing fat-free mass in multiple logistic regression analysis. When adjusted for age, age at menarche, menopause and fat-free mass, lumbar osteoporosis was less common in women who exercised, but the type and the amount of exercise had no bearing. Especially, lumbar osteoporosis was least common in women engaging in moderate amount of exercise. Femoral neck osteoporosis decreased significantly only in weight-bearing exercise group and in women engaging in high amount of exercise. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that lumbar osteoporosis can be prevented through exercise regardless of its type and amount, and high amount or weight- bearing exercise is most effective to prevent femoral neck osteoporosis.
Adult* ; Body Composition ; Bone Density* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Femur Neck ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mass Screening ; Menarche ; Menopause ; Osteoporosis ; Parturition ; Risk Factors ; Weight-Bearing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was done to assess effects of women focused relapse prevention program on abstinence self-efficacy and depression in alcoholic women. METHODS: This study was a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design with two groups, an experimental group (13 patients) and a control group (16 patients). The instruments were the Situational Confidence Questionnaire (SCQ-39) and the Beck depression Inventory (BDI). Data collection was done between July and December, 2008, during which a pre-test, the total of 8 group sessions for four weeks, and a post-test were given to alcoholic women who were admitted to K hospital in U city and D hospital in G city. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test and ANCOVA with SPSS/WIN program. RESULTS: The scores for abstinence self-efficacy were significantly higher and for depression lower, for the experimental group after the women focused relapse prevention program. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the women focused relapse prevention program can be applied as an effective nursing intervention by clinical nurses.
Alcoholics* ; Data Collection ; Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Nursing ; Questionnaires ; Recurrence* ; Statistics, Nonparametric

BACKGROUND: Korea is, known to be an endemic area of viral hepatitis B, and 5-6% of population are carriers. Immunization can reduce the spread of hepatitis B infection. Hower, not all people respond to hepatitis B immunsation. 5-15% of primary vaccinees fail to be immunized. After revaccination, only 37.5 44% of the primary failures elicit antibody response. Recent studies have reported that it is effective to inject a double dose vaccination in immunocompromsed patients. In some country, they recommend that neonate whode mother is HBV carrier shoud receive double dose vaccination. This study documented the results of double dose vaccintion only once to nonrsponders toward the HBV immunzation. METHODS: Healthy nonresponders to Hepatitis B immunization were recuited from Sep. 1995 to Aug. 1996. Subjects with their AST/ALT level over 40, or over 65 years old were excluded. They were received 2ml of plasma-derived vaccine(Hepavax-B) intramuscularly in the deltoid muscle. Anti-HBs antibody testing were performed at 1 to 3 months after vaccintion. RESULTS: 17 healthy nanreponders to Hepatitis B immunization(male 10, female 7) were included. Their mean ages were 47(32 to64), AST/ALT level 20/19(16 to 28/11 to 35), smoking 4.3pys(1 to 7). Seroconversion occured in 13 of them(76.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Nonresponders to Hepatitis B vaccintion respond well to double dose vaccination once.
Aged ; Antibody Formation ; Deltoid Muscle ; Female ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunization, Secondary ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Mothers ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Vaccination*

BACKGROUND: Beta-adrenergic receptor Kinase 1(betaARK1) is a serine/threonine kinase attached, which inhibits the coupling of beta-adrenergic receptor with G-protein. Myocardial betaARK1 level is usually elevated in heart failure and hypertrophy, but it is not known whether the circulating betaARK1 level is related with the degree of cardiac hypertrophy. This study was performed to evaluate the association of the betaARK1 level in circulating mononuclear leukocytes(MNL) in untreated hypertension with left ventricular mass in hypertensive patients. Method: Nineteen non-treated hypertensive patients were included for this study. High blood pressure was confirmed when systolic BP is over 150 mmHg or diastoli BP is over 95 mmHg. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate the degree of hypertrophy by measuring the left ventricular mass index(LVMI) and relative wall thickness(RWT), and test the LV function by measuring the ejection fraction(EF) according to ASE guideline. At the same time, blood was collected from each patient and MNL were isolated by gradient centrifuge with Ficoll-400. Total RNA was purified from MNL and semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed. After reverse transcription, PCR was done with primers for human betaARK1 and GAPDH as external control. betaARK1 levels were expressed by ratio to GAPDH level and estimated the relations with clinical and Echocardiographic parameters. Result: We studied confirmed 19 hypertensive patients(10 men and 9 women, mean age of 50.6 years). Echocardiographically measured indices(mean+/-SD) were as follows; LVMI(137.3+/-30.6g/m2), PWT(0.53+/-0.09) and EF(54.6+/-8.5%). Ratio of betaARK1 levels to GAPDH was from 0.10 to 0.96 (0.62+/-0.25). betaARK1 levels were correlated with LVMI(correlation coefficient: r=.502, p=.029) and RWT(r=.627, p=.004). But Systolic BP(r=0.009, p=.93), diastolic BP(r=.07, p=.85) or EF(r=.045, p=.84) were not related to level of betaARK1. CONCLUSIONS: The betaARK1 level of circulating MNL was correlated well with the degree of the cardiac hypertrophy estimated by LVMI and RWT. This data suggests that activation of sympatho-adrenal system would exert a major role in developing cardiac hypertrophy and we can expect the decreased responsiveness to catecholamine in the heart of hypertensive patients. betaARK1 in circulating MNL might be used as a predictor or marker for LV hypertrophy in hypertensive patients.
beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases ; Cardiomegaly ; Echocardiography ; Female ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; Heart ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertrophy ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear* ; Male ; Phosphotransferases ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA

No abstract available.
Compliance* ; Early Detection of Cancer* ; Family Practice* ; Humans

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among eating habits, eating behaviors, obesity indices and serum leptin levels of 97 school children in the Daegu and Kyungpuk areas. The subjects consisted of 42 boys and 55 girls from the 4th and 5th grades. The prevalence rate of obesity was 63.6% in the males and 36.4% in the females. The nutritional status of the subjects was assessed using 24-hour dietary recalls and blood analyses. The mean serum leptin levels of the obese group (12.84 +/- 6.97 ng/ml) were significantly higher than those of the non-obese group (2.43 +/- 1.53 ng/ml)(p < 0.001). The mean eating behavior scores and MAR were significantly different in the two groups. Nutrient intakes were low and fell short of the RDA. Serum leptin levels showed a significant negative correlation with eating habit (r = -0.24) and eating behavior scores (r = -0.40)(p < 0.05, p < 0.001). It was speculated that nutritional intervention and education about the appropriate nutrient intake requirements of developing children might be necessary.
Child* ; Daegu ; Eating* ; Education ; Feeding Behavior* ; Female ; Humans ; Leptin* ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Obesity* ; Prevalence