PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing patient privacy protection behavior among nursing students and examine the relationships between these factors. METHODS: Participants in this study were 144 nursing students who have experienced clinical practice. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with IBM SPSS Win 23.0 program. RESULTS: Professional self-concept and ethical values were factors influencing patient privacy protection behavior among nursing students. These variables explained 21.9% of the variance for patient privacy protection behavior. A higher level of patient privacy protection behavior was associated with higher levels of professional self-concept and ethical values. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate that strategies for enhancing patient privacy protection behaviors of nursing students should include methods for forming images of positive nurses and firming ethical values.
Ethics ; Humans ; Medical Informatics ; Nursing* ; Privacy* ; Professionalism ; Self Concept ; Students, Nursing*

Four cases of incontinentia pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger type) in a mother and three her daughter were presented and literatures were reviewed. In all three daughters vesicles appeared on toes at three weeks after birth and ehanged to pigmented patches surrounded by erythematous verrucous margin, which were then gradually spread to whole body. Pigmentation is dirty, irregular and bizarr. Severe itching sensation was complained and vesicles or bulla were formed easily due to scratching and external trauma. In mother, onset of the disease was not clear but generalized dirty pigmentation is showed. Dentition was delayed in 3rd daughter (Dental eruption was begun at 10 month old and 11 teeth was showed at now, 2 year old). Histopathological findings are compatible with incontinentia pigmenti and epidermo-dermaI separation is observed in a experimentally induced bullae, indicating a characterized epidermolysis bullosa. Strict limitation in the occurence of disease in females of one family, accompanying with epidermolysis bullosa simplex is unusual and interesting in genetical aspects and pathogenesis.
Dentition ; Epidermolysis Bullosa ; Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex ; Female ; Humans ; Incontinentia Pigmenti* ; Infant ; Mothers ; Nuclear Family ; Parturition ; Pigmentation ; Pruritus ; Sensation ; Toes ; Tooth

Nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn is a hamartoma of the skin with the potential to develop benign and malignant neoplasms. This case was characterixed by multiple basal cell epitheliomas, clinically one reddish nodule and multiple pigmented papules, arising in the nevus sebaceus. Histologically, epithelial papillomatous hyperplasia and high-positioned hyperplastic sebaceous glands were found, and tumor nests consisting of basaloid cells with peripheral palisading arrangements were mainly situated in the upper dermis without significant infiltrative growth. We report a rare case of nevus sebaceus with multiple basal cell epitheliomas in the right cheek of a 49-year-old woman.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Cheek ; Dermis ; Female ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Middle Aged ; Nevus* ; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn* ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin

No abstract available.
Asthma* ; Child* ; Eosinophils* ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: Korea (ranked 16th) and Japan (ranked 13th) show similar rankings, skills, and performance in basketball. However, the countries differ in size and the number of players in the national women's basketball system. The current study aimed to compare the psychological factors (anxiety, and temperament and character) and the national teams' players' characteristics between 80 Korean (WKBL players) and 76 Japanese (WJBL players) female basketball players in six professional teams each. METHODS: All players were asked to complete demographic characteristics including age, career years, position, number of past and presents positions, and clinical scales, including sports anxiety, state anxiety, trait anxiety, and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Hierarchical logistic regression analyses among individual factors, physical factors, basketball status, anxiety factors, and temperamental conditions were conducted. RESULTS: In all basketball players, all five models were significantly associated with national team players. The TCI factors were the strongest predictive factors for Korean national team players, while the anxiety factors were the strongest predictive factors for Japanese national team players. WKBL players in all positions showed higher sports anxiety and harm avoidance than WJBL players. WJBL players scored higher on self-directedness and cooperativeness than WKBL players. CONCLUSION: For predicting national team players, temperament and character were crucial factors in WKBL players where anxiety was the most important one for WJBL players.
Anxiety ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Basketball ; Female ; Humans ; Japan ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Psychology ; Sports ; Temperament ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine whether transabdominal ultrasound can detect different hepatic stiffness between patients with cirrhosis and control subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sevent-three patients (Child-Pugh class A stage) with liver cirrhosis and 57 control subjects were included in this study. All patients were subdivided arbitrarily into two groups: early cirrhosis (n = 53) and overt cirrhosis (n = 20). Two sagittal images of the left lobe of the liver were obtained in the left hepatic vein level during the resting state and at full inspiration while pushing their belly out, by abdominal US (i.e., resting and stress image). The length between the inferior hepatic angle and the midpoint of the liver dome was measured in all images for the evaluation of liver distortion. The elongation was calculated by a formula: (L2-L1/L1) x 100(%); where L1 and L2 are the length of the liver for both the resting and stress image. The calculated elongated length (L2-L1, EL) and elongation rate were compared between cirrhotic patients and control subjects. RESULTS: For the control subjects, early cirrhosis, and overt cirrhosis groups, the mean ELs (elongation rate) were 2.34+/-0.98 cm (30.2+/-13.2%), 1.18+/-0.73 cm (14.9+/-9.5%) and 0.53+/-0.54 cm (6.3+/-6.6%), respectively. This difference among the three groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). A possible best cut-off value of liver elongation rate is 17% for the prediction of cirrhosis (sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 75.3%). CONCLUSION: The liver of patients with liver cirrhosis is stiffer than that of control subjects. Calculation of the elongation rate in the left lobe of the liver during a respiratory maneuver may be used as an ancillary method of US for the evaluation of liver cirrhosis.
Fibrosis ; Hepatic Veins ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Respiration

OBJECTIVE: Botulinum toxin works at the neuromuscular junction by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine from the presynaptic membrane. It has been indicated for limb spasticity in patients with upper motor neuron lesions. The paralytic effect of this toxin usually lasts for 3 to 4 months, and repeated injections are needed to maintain the effect. This study was performed to investigate whether electrical stimulation can prolong the paralytic effect induced by botulinum toxin type A. METHOD: Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats, 30 for control and 60 for experimental, were studied. Botulinum toxin type A (Dysport ) was injected into the gastrocnemius muscle in the experimental groups (10 units for group 1 and 5 units for group 2), and normal saline 0.05 ml was injected into the same muscle in the control group. Thirty minutes of electrical stimulation was applied to the injected muscle with surface-stimulating electrodes. The stimulation was given once a day for 3 times in subgroup E1 and once every other day for 6 times in subgroup E2. No electrical stimulation was applied to subgroup N. Amplitudes of action potentials were measured serially on the injected muscles. At the third week, hematoxylin-eosin stained sections and synaptophysin immunohistochemical stained sections were examined. RESULTS: 1) At the second week after the toxin injection, amplitudes of action potentials maximally declined to 2.1~3.7% in group 1 and to 4.0~5.3% in group 2, compared to the initial amplitude. The amplitudes were beginning to recover from the third week. 2) Electrically stimulated groups demonstrated significantly more depressed amplitudes than non-stimulated group N. These effects lasted till week 2~4. 3) Hematoxylin-eosin staining for muscle sections showed degenerative changes of muscle fibers. Synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the muscle demonstrated multiple synaptophysin-positive areas in a muscle fiber of the toxin injected muscle. CONCLUSION: Transient electrical stimulation to the botulinum toxin injected muscles seems to enhance the paralytic effects of the toxin.
Acetylcholine ; Action Potentials ; Botulinum Toxins* ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A* ; Electric Stimulation* ; Electrodes ; Extremities ; Humans ; Male ; Membranes ; Motor Neurons ; Muscle Spasticity ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles ; Neuromuscular Junction ; Paralysis* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Synaptophysin

Botulinum toxin develops muscular paralysis through the inhibition of acetylcholine release from presynaptic membrane in neuromuscular junction. It has been used clinically to treat strabismus, blepharospasm and spasmodic dysphonia. Recently it was introduced for the treatment of limb spasticity as well. Serial compound muscle action potential(CMAP) amplitudes were measured and repetitive nerve stimulation test(RNST) was performed with 2Hz and 30Hz on the rat gastrocnemius muscle to observe the effect of muscle paralysis. Also, Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining sections of the muscle for glycogen was studied to quantify the degree of muscular paralysis. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats, 10 for control and 20 for experimental group were studied for 12 weeks. Normal saline 0.025 ml and 0.125 ml was injected into gastrocnemius muscle in cotrol group 1 and 2, respectively. Botulinum toxin type A(Botox) was injected 5.0U/0.025 ml in experimental group 1, 2.5U/0.025 ml in group 2, 2.5U/0.125 ml in group 3, and 0.5U/0.025 ml in group 4. The amplitudes of CMAP declined markedly by 81.1% to 96.5% of basal amplitudes on the first week after Botox injection, but slightly recovered on 12th week by 20.8% to 42.2% with greater recovery in lower dose group. RNST with 2Hz produced no remarkable 1 : 5 amplitude change in experimental group. RNST with 30Hz produced marked increment in 1 : 5 amplitude up to 24.4%. PAS staining for muscle sections showed residual glycogen after tetanic stimulation due to neuromuscular block by Botox.
Acetylcholine ; Action Potentials* ; Animals ; Blepharospasm ; Botulinum Toxins* ; Dysphonia ; Extremities ; Glycogen ; Membranes ; Muscle Spasticity ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Junction ; Paralysis ; Periodic Acid ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Strabismus

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the effect of different sites of recording electrodes on auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in healthy adults and to analyse these potentials properly. METHOD: Eleven healthy adults, 7 males and 4 females, without any history of disease or conditions causing hearing difficulties were selected. AEPs were performed on these subjects with 4 different methods, i.e. different recording sites, Cz-Ai, Cz-Fpz, Ai-Ac, and Ai-Cs7. Auditory stimulation was given by rarefaction clicks of 75dB intensity and 11.1 Hz frequency, and responses were recorded with surface electrodes. RESULTS: The amplitudes of peak I and V were larger with vertical recordings, that is the vertex-auricle (Cz-Ai) or vertex-7th cervical spine (Cz-Cs7) recordings, compared to horizontal recordings of both auricle (Ai-Ac) or extracephalic electrodes. The largest amplitude ratio of peak V/I was with vertex-7th cervical spine (Cz-Cs7) recording. CONCLUSION: Changes in AEPs with respect to the sites of recording and reference electrodes are thought to be due to the vector of brain stem auditory nuclei and pathways. It might be helpful to consider these changes in the evaluation of brain stem lesions.
Acoustic Stimulation ; Adult* ; Brain Stem ; Electrodes* ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory* ; Female ; Hearing ; Humans ; Male ; Spine

Helicobacter pylori has been well known to cause gastritis, peptic ulcers, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, and gastric cancer. The importance of H. pylori eradication has been emphasized; however, the management of H. pylori infection is difficult in clinical practice. In both Eastern and Western countries, there has been a constant interest in confirming individuals who should be tested and treated for H. pylori infection and developing methods to diagnose H. pylori infection. Many studies have been implemented to successfully eradicate H. pylori, and various combinations of eradication regimens for H. pylori infection have been suggested worldwide. Based on the findings of previous studies, a few countries have published their own guidelines that are appropriate for their country; however, these country-specific guidelines may differ depending on the circumstances in each country. Evidence-based guidelines and clinical practice updates for the treatment of H. pylori infection have been published in Korea and the United States in 2021. This review will summarize the similarities and differences in the management of H. pylori infection in Korea and the United States, focusing on indications, diagnosis, and treatments based on recent guidelines and recommendations in both countries.