The authors underwent the serum lipid study, involving the lipoprotein fraction, and the HDL-cholesterol mean values in normal Korean adults visited to Hanyang University Hospital, and also compared with the previously reported serum lipid studies. The results are as follows; 1) The mean values of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and phospholipid were 103.3+/-17.1mg%, 188.9+/-18.2mg%, and 196.7+/-19.8mg%, respectively. 2) Compared with the past 7 years triglyceride showed increasing tendency with significance, and cholesterol and phospholipid showed slightly increasing tendency. 3) In the serum lipoprotein fraction, the mean values of alpha-lipoprotein, pre-beta-lipoprotein, and beta-lipoprotein were 37.2+/-5.9%, 16.0+/-4.2%, and 48.6+/-5.2%, respectively. 4) Compared with the past 10 years, the alpha-, and pre-beta-lipoprotein showed increasing tendency, meanwhile, beta-lipoprotein revealed decreasing tendency. 5) The mean value of HDL-cholesterol was 52.3+/-14.6mg%, and the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol(HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol) was 28.2+/-7.9. 6) Compared with the past 2 years, HDL-cholesterol level showed slightly increasing tendency.
Adult ; Cholesterol ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; Triglycerides

PURPOSE: This study was to identify health needs of the elderly at nursing homes by long-term care grade. METHODS: The health needs of 116 elders at two nursing homes in Seoul were measured with resident assessment protocols (RAPs), activities of daily living (ADL), and cognitive performance scale (CPS), and pain and depression were measured by resident assessment instrument (RAI). RESULTS: With regard to RAPs, 11 out of 18 items had different distribution in the 3 groups significantly. The 1st-grade elders had a higher percentage of 9 items than the 2nd- and 3rd-grade ones but the 3rd-grade ones had the highest health needs related with activity. The 2nd-grade elders had similar health needs to the 1st-grade ones. In terms of functional level, the 1st-grade elders had the highest percentage of CPS and ADL but the 3rd-grade ones had the highest score of pain and depression out of the 3 groups. The standardized assessment instrument to identify specific health needs by the 3 groups should be developed. Therefore, care plans to meet health needs of the 3 groups will be made. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that nursing care is required to the elderly of the 1st- and 2nd-grade and safe activity and environment to the 3rd-graded ones.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged* ; Depression ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Long-Term Care* ; Nursing Care ; Nursing Homes ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Spleen*

Patients with dementia and concomitant parkinsonism are frequently encountered in the elderly population. When it comes to young adults, however, coexistence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) is rare. We described a case of 47-year old man with presenile onset dementia associated with hemiparkinsonism involving the right extremities. Brain biopsy showed neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques, compatible with Alzheimer's disease. Iodine-123 labelled N-(3-iodopropen-2-yl)-2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-chlorophenyl) tropane ([(123)I]IPT) SPECT, dopamine transporter imaging, revealed a decreased uptake in both basal ganglia, more severe on the left side, particularly the caudal putamen, which is consistent with the finding of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. This case is unique in that damage on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in a patient with Alzheimer's disease was demonstrated by a functional neuroimaging study and that early-onset AD and early-onset PD, two rare conditions, coexist in the same individual.
Aged ; Alzheimer Disease* ; Basal Ganglia ; Biopsy ; Brain ; Dementia ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Extremities ; Functional Neuroimaging ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neurofibrillary Tangles ; Parkinson Disease ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Plaque, Amyloid ; Putamen ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Young Adult

A primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the liver is a rare subtype of a cholangiocarcinoma. Adenosquamous carcinoma is known to have an aggressive biologic behavior and is associated with a poor prognosis. Recently, we experienced a case of a primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the liver. A 69-year-old man was subjected to a right hemicolectomy five months ago due to an ascending colon cancer. At a periodic check-up, abdominal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a ~1.1 cm-sized hepatic mass which was highly suspicious of being a hepatic metastasis from the ascending colon cancer. A hepatic segmentectomy was performed. The tumor was microscopically composed of an adenocarcinoma and a squamous cell carcinoma, and it was different from the previous colon cancer as determined by immunohistochemistry. Three months after the hepatic segmentectomy, multiple hepatic metastasis was found and the patient has been treated as an outpatient with capecitabine.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; Colon* ; Colon, Ascending ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Outpatients ; Prognosis ; Ultrasonography ; Capecitabine

Background: Hand eczema refers to eczema located on the hands, regardless of its etiology or morphology. Despite its high prevalence and significant impact on patients’ quality of life, treatment is frequently challenging because of its heterogeneity, chronic and recurrent course, and lack of well-organized randomized controlled trials of the various treatment options. Objective: These consensus guidelines aim to provide evidence-based recommendations on the diagnosis and management of hand eczema to improve patient care by helping physicians make more efficient and transparent decisions. Methods: A modified Delphi method, comprising two rounds of email questionnaires with face-to-face meetings in between, was adopted for the consensus process that took place between February and September 2020. Forty experts in the field of skin allergy and contact dermatitis were invited to participate in the expert panel. Results: Consensus was reached for the domains of classification, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment; and a therapeutic ladder to manage chronic hand eczema was developed. Conclusion These are the first consensus guidelines for chronic hand eczema in the Asian population, which will help standardize care and assist clinical decision-making in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hand eczema.

Background: Hand eczema refers to eczema located on the hands, regardless of its etiology or morphology. Despite its high prevalence and significant impact on patients’ quality of life, treatment is frequently challenging because of its heterogeneity, chronic and recurrent course, and lack of well-organized randomized controlled trials of the various treatment options. Objective: These consensus guidelines aim to provide evidence-based recommendations on the diagnosis and management of hand eczema to improve patient care by helping physicians make more efficient and transparent decisions. Methods: A modified Delphi method, comprising two rounds of email questionnaires with face-to-face meetings in between, was adopted for the consensus process that took place between February and September 2020. Forty experts in the field of skin allergy and contact dermatitis were invited to participate in the expert panel. Results: Consensus was reached for the domains of classification, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment; and a therapeutic ladder to manage chronic hand eczema was developed. Conclusion These are the first consensus guidelines for chronic hand eczema in the Asian population, which will help standardize care and assist clinical decision-making in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hand eczema.

PURPOSE: This study was to explore adaptation experience to family among women who immigrated for marriage. Specific aims were to identify problems immigrant women face as family members and how they interact with other family members. METHODS: Grounded theory methodology was utilized. Data were collected from iterative fieldwork with individual in-depth interviews from 6 immigrant women as key informants, and 2 of their husbands and 2 of their mothers-in-law as general informants. RESULTS: Through constant comparative analysis, a core category emerged as "tearing down the wall in communicating". Causal conditions were feeling frustrated in one's expectations, differences in language and life style, differences in recognition, and perceptions of discrimination and prejudice. Strategies were learning the Korean language, learning Korean culture, managing stress, mediating differences between family members, and introspecting. Intervening factors were support systems, burdens of child-rearing, and the condition of one's health. Consequences were rooting oneself in one's family and accepting one's life as it is. CONCLUSION: Results of the study indicate that there is a need for nurses to understand differences in communication with family members among immigrant women and to provide information and emotional support to improve the adaptation of these women to their Korean families.
*Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Emigrants and Immigrants/*psychology ; Family/ethnology/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Marriage ; Parenting ; Social Support ; Women

Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) was used to eliminate pentobarbital from the blood of a 30-year-old potentially brain dead male patient with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage after a motorcycle accident. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score of hospital day 1 was 24, but by day 8 it was 36, when the patient was considered to be brain dead. To control seizures and reduce intracranial pressure, pentobarbital had been administered in a continuous flow (2,880 mg/day for 5 days). Coma can be induced by pentobarbital at a serum level of 1~5 mg/dL. However, drug intoxication should be excluded from a brain death evaluation; therefore, the patient was not given any drug for approximately 88 hrs after ceasing pentobarbital in order for serum level to dip below 0.5 mg/dL (which is the hypnotic level). At 48 hours from CVVHDF, the pentobarbital level was close to the hypnotic level (0.1~0.5 mg/dL). Before stopping, the serum level of pentobarbital was 3.89 mg/dL and between 48 and 72 hours from CVVHDF, 4 cycles of pentobarbital half-life elimination (0.24 mg/dL) could be measured. Therefore, we suggest that in case of potential brain dead patients who have been administered pentobarbital, CVVHDF can enhance the elimination of pentobarbital from the circulatory system and shorten the waiting time for a brain death evaluation.
Adult ; APACHE ; Brain ; Brain Death ; Coma ; Half-Life ; Hemodiafiltration ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic ; Intracranial Pressure ; Male ; Motorcycles ; Pentobarbital ; Seizures

BACKGROUND: The application of gel test to routine immunohematologic works brought on easier interpretation of results and better quality control over conventional tube method. Under the current Korean medical insurance system however, it is very difficult to apply gel test to all routine immunohematologic works because of high cost. We tried to assess its applicability to irregular antibody screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antibody screenings of 2,005 sera from transfusion-scheduled patients were carried out using DiaMedTM LISS/Coombs gel card. Antibody identifications of screen-positive or screen-negative but incompatible cross matched sera were done by conventional tube method firstly, and then by DiaMedTM LISS/Coombs gel test or DiaMedTM NaCl/Enzyme gel test in the cases of negative results for conventional tube method. RESLUTS: Total 34 irregular antibodies (8 warm and 26 cold antibodies) were screened by gel test. For warm antibody screening, the reactivity of LISS/Coombs gel test was much higher than that of conventional tube method, and for cold antibodies, tube method or NaCl/Enzyme gel test revealed better reactivity. CONCLUSION: Antibody screening by LISS/Coombs gel test alone appears to be enough for detecting clinically significant warm antibodies.
Antibodies ; Humans ; Insurance ; Mass Screening* ; Quality Control