No abstract available.
Solvents*

No abstract available.
Ankle Fractures* ; Ankle*

59 children seen from Jan. 1990 to Jun. 1994 with epilepsy were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate the tendency of recurrence and the risk factors after the antiepileptic drug discontinuation. The population consisted of 59 children who were seizure free for more than 2 years and followed up for more than 1 year after the discontinuation via department of pediatrics, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine. We analyzed risk factors of recurrence(age of seizure onset, seizure frequency before treatment, interval from seizure onset to start of treatment, duration from neurologic disorders, and EEG done just before discontinuation) between non-recurrent group(43 patients) and recurrent group(16 patients). The results were as follows: 1) In 59 patients with epilepsy, 16(27.1%) patients showed recurrence after the discontinuation and 14(87.5%) patients of those were developed during taperring and within less than 1 year. The probability of recurrent seizure by Kaplan-Meier curve at 12 and 24 months after discontinuation are 23.7% and 33.6% respectively. 2) There were significant differences on seizure frequency before treatement, duration from start of treatment to control (9.5months vs 31.1months), and associated neurologic disorders(11.6% vs. 56.2%) between non-recurrent and recurrent group. 3) There were no significant differences on age at seizure onset(70.6 months vs. 58.5months), interval from seizure onset to start of treatment(9.5months vs. 6.6months), length of seizure free(49.7months vs 39.3months), abnormal EEG finding done just before withdrawal(23.2% vs. 25.0% ) between non-recurrent and recurrent group.
Child ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy* ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases ; Pediatrics ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Seizures

A 25 year old patient who had low back pain and sciatica was diagnosed as having a lumbar intraspinal extradural synovial cyst adjacent to a facet joint between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae. The extradural defects defined with positive contrast myelography and postmyelographic computed tomographic scanning were posterolateral to the dural sac. Biopsy revealed the findings compatible with synovial cyst. Treatment consisted of laminectomy and surgical excision of the cyst.
Biopsy ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Low Back Pain ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Myelography ; Sciatica ; Synovial Cyst ; Zygapophyseal Joint

The association of thymoma with pure red cell aplasia has been well documented, but amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia is not a recognized paraneoplastic syndrome complicating thymoma. We report a case of thymoma-complicated pure red cell aplasia and amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia in a 73-yr-old woman. Pure red cell aplasia was diagnosed seven months after the detection of thymoma. One year after the diagnosis of pure red cell aplasia and seven months after thymectomy, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy showed an absence of megakaryocytes, marked erythroid hypoplasia with normal myeloid series. A diagnosis of amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia and pure red cell aplasia was made. Oral steroid maintenance therapy resulted in recovery of platelet count. She has still transfusion-dependant anemia but platelet and neutrophil counts had been maintained in normal range for more than five months, until the last follow-up. We think that autoreactive T cells may induce a clinical autoimmune response even after eradication of thymoma, and aplastic anemia as a late complication following thymectomy was described in previous cases. This patient also has to be under a close observation because of the possibility to evolve into aplastic anemia.
Aged ; Bone Marrow/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Imidazoles/therapeutic use ; Megakaryocytes/pathology ; Pregnadienetriols/therapeutic use ; Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure/complications/*diagnosis ; Thrombocytopenia/*diagnosis/drug therapy/*etiology ; Thymectomy/*adverse effects ; Thymoma/*complications/diagnosis/surgery ; Thymus Neoplasms/*complications/diagnosis/surgery

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationships between spinal canal occlusion and neurologic deficits, and between spinal canal decompression and neurologic recovery in thoracolumbar burst fractures. Kyphotic deformities, based on the fracture types in short-segment instrumentation and fusion, were evaluated to determine effective operative methods. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: In thoracolumbar burst fractures, the relationship between spinal canal occlusion and neurologic deficits remains controversial; and definitive guidelines for short-segment instrumentation and fusion have not been established . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Surgically treated thoracolumbar burst fractures (N=112) were analyzed retrospectively. Spinal canal occlusion in both neurologically intact and deficient groups, and neurologic recovery as a result of spinal canal decompression, were evaluated based on Frankel's grades. Kyphotic deformities based on the Denis classification and McCormack's load sharing classification were evaluated in 86 short-segment instrumentation patients. RESULTS: Spinal canal occlusion in the neurologically deficient group (51.8%) was significantly higher than that in the neurologically intact group (31.4%) (p < 0.05). Although 29 patients who recovered neurologically and 25 who did not, demonstrated 20.4% and 19.5% of spinal canal decompression, respectively, it was not significant (p > 0.05). Kyphotic deformities were increased significantly in Denis type A, B and groups with more than 7 points in the load sharing classification (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In thoracolumbar burst fractures, the degree of initial spinal canal occlusion was more significantly related with neurologic deficits than with postoperative spinal canal decompression. Extended instrumentation and fusion is recommended for reducing postoperative kyphotic deformities in Denis type A, B and groups with more than 7 points in the load sharing classification.
Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Decompression ; Humans ; Neurologic Manifestations* ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Canal

Pulmonary thromboembolism is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgery. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are important clinical challenges. In this case, massive pulmonary embolism causing sudden cardiac arrest was attributed to use of tourniquet inflation during lower extremity orthopedic surgery. Resuscitation procedures were initiated and transesophageal echocardiography revealed pulmonary thromboembolism. Patients with high suspicion for the presence of deep vein thrombus must be monitored thoroughly during limb exsanguinations.
Anesthesia, Spinal ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Early Diagnosis ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Extremities ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Inflation, Economic ; Lower Extremity ; Orthopedics ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Resuscitation ; Thrombosis ; Tourniquets ; Veins

The original article contained an error in Figure 1.

Precision medicine stands for 4Ps - precise, preventive, participatory, and personal; in which “precision” is important because the current modern medicine starts from “trial and error,” and “one does not fit all”. Current targeted therapies for cancer have changed treatment approaches and led the precision medicine; however, clinical use of liquid biopsy, using blood or other liquid specimens to characterize circulating tumor cells (CTC) or tumor genes instead of biopsies of tumor tissues, still awaits availability of more information regarding non-invasive cancer detection and characterization, prediction of treatment response, monitoring the disease course and relapse possibilities, identification of mechanisms of drug resistance, and newer pathogenesis. In this review, we will introduce the basic concept of CTC, circulating cell free DNA, and exosomes and their possible application for gastric cancer relevant with Helicobacter pylori infection.
Biopsy* ; DNA ; Drug Resistance ; Exosomes ; Helicobacter Infections* ; Helicobacter pylori ; Helicobacter* ; History, Modern 1601- ; Humans ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating ; Precision Medicine ; Recurrence ; Stomach Neoplasms*

The original article contained an error in Figure 1.