No abstract available.
Pierre Robin Syndrome*

Although basic mechanisms of atopic dermatitis remain largely speculative, many studies on pathogenesis suggest the importance of food and inhalent allergens. To evaluate the frequency of food and house dust mite hypersensitivity and differences in this frequency according to ages, we measured the levels of specific IgE antibodies to egg white, egg yolk, milk, soy, and house dust mites in 119 children with atopic dermatitis. The results showed that 53% of patients had positive RAST to any one kind of allergens. The frequency of food and house dust mite hypersensitivity were 34.5%, 30.3 %, respectively. Among allergens, house dust mites and egg white are the most prevalent allergens in all atopic dermatitis patients. The Prevalence of egg white is most common under the age of 2 years, but those of house dust mites are the dust mites are the highest in the ages of 5-12 years. In conclusion, we recommend an egg restriction diet in atopic dermatitis patients who are less than 2 years old when their symptoms do not improve with general skin care.
Allergens ; Antibodies ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Diet ; Dust* ; Egg White ; Egg Yolk ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; Mites ; Ovum ; Prevalence ; Pyroglyphidae* ; Skin Care ; Soy Milk

PURPOSE: This descriptive study was conducted to project the number of critical care APNs needed in critical care units in an acute care hospital setting, up to the year 2020. METHOD: Necessary data and information were collected from various funded reports, professional literature, web-sites and personal visits to national and private institutions. The demand of critical care APNs were projected based on two critical care APNs per critical care units. RESULT: The projected number of critical APNs for the critical care units in acute care hospital settings as follows: 1) The total projected number of critical care APNs needed for critical care units were 1,270 in 2001. 2) By the year 2020, total number of projected critical care APNs needed in critical care units will be 1,080-1,700. CONCLUSION: In order to match the supply to the need, the professional organization should direct their efforts toward enacting legislation. Educational systems should identify strategies in initiation of critical care APN programs in masters level as well as standardizing curriculums across the programs.
Critical Care* ; Curriculum ; Financial Management ; Humans ; Nurse Clinicians ; Nurse Practitioners ; Societies

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationships among mother's perception of her own newborn, her caring-confidence level, and her child-rearing attitude; and to provide data for developing effective nursing education programs on maternal newborn care. METHOD: Explorative survey questionnaires were completed by 159 married mothers of newborns from November 2003 to March 2004. Data were analyzed using SPSS/Win 10.0 by t-test and Pearson's Correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The mean scores of the mother's perception of her own newborn, her caring-confidence level, and her child-rearing attitude were .26, 3.13, and 3.43 respectively. There was a positive correlation between mother's perception of her own newborn and her child-rearing attitude. There was a significant correlation between mothers caring-confidence level and her child-rearing attitude. Score of caring-confidence was significantly different depending on the availability of helper and history of delivery. CONCLUSION: Availability of helper and history of delivery significantly affected mothers caring-confidence. This in turn, along with mothers perception of her own newborn, enhanced mothers child-rearing attitude. Thus, an effective education for mothers should include these factors.
Education ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mothers* ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Obesity is linked to a wide range of respiratory diseases. Several studies have shown that body weight at baseline and weight change were related to pulmonary function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between change in body mass index (BMI) and pulmonary function in adults. METHODS: Of those aged 40-64 years at baseline who had initially visited the health promotion center at one university-level hospital from January 2000 to December 2002, 499 (men: 309, women: 190) patients revisited the center over a 5-year period up to December 2009 and were enrolled in the study. Subjects were classified into 4 groups- group 1: normal-normal, group 2: normal-obese, group 3: obese-normal, and group 4: obese-obese, based on their BMI at baseline and follow-up. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC were measured by spirometry. RESULTS: Change in FEV1/FVC was significantly associated with change in BMI for men in all 4 groups. Change in FEV1/FVC was significantly different between group 1 and 3 and between group 1 and 4. Changes in FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC were significantly associated with change in BMI for women in all 4 groups. Change in FEV1 was significantly different between group 3 and 4, and change in FVC was significantly different between group 1 and 3. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a change in BMI is negatively associated with change in pulmonary function. Obesity itself can be a risk factor for pulmonary dysfunction, and a decrease in BMI through weight reduction could reduce pulmonary dysfunction or improve pulmonary function in adults.
Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; Risk Factors ; Vital Capacity ; Weight Loss

No abstract available.
Humans ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets*

No abstract available.
Pyloric Stenosis*

The ability of to discern distinct sound frequencies is attributed to frequency specificity in various locations in the auditory pathway. The cochlear duct is tonotopically organized along its longitudinal axis so that the basal turn responds to high frequency and the apical turn to low frequency sounds. Since the cochlear duct is comprised of heterogeneous components including sensory hair cells, neurons and other cellular and acellular components, integration of their diverse features is essential for establishment of tonotopicity. Recent studies aim to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the cochlear tonotopicity.
Auditory Pathways ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cochlear Duct ; Hair ; Neurons ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Malignant orbital tumors represent a diverse group of neoplasms such as malignant salivary tumors, squamous cell carcinoma, sarcoma, melanoma etc. A number of orbital tumors have a potential for lymphatic metastasis, but only a little information about the lymphatic drainage and treatment for malignant orbital tumors has been published. The purpose of this study was to review lymphatic spread of malignant orbital tumors and its surgical treatment of orbital cancer when metastasized to the parotid gland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five orbital cancer patients with lymph node metastasis of parotid gland were evaluated retrospectively. They had been treated by resection of primary tumor, parotidectomy, neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy (except one case) from 1994 to 2000. Histopathology revealed squamous cell carcinoma in three patients, malignant melanoma in one and rhabdomyosarcoma in one. RESULTS: There were no complications postoperatively. Four cases had metastasis to intraglandular lymph nodes in the parotid gland and only one case had metastasis to preauricular lymph node. Two cases had metastasis to preglandular lymph nodes and prevascular lymph nodes in the level I lymph node. Three were NED (no evidence of disease), rhabdomyosarcoma case was DOD (died of disease) due to recurrence in submental area and breast and malignant melanoma case was AWD (alive with disease). CONCLUSION: Most orbital cancers with lymph nodes of the parotid gland have metastasis to intraglandular lymph nodes, but some of them does to extraglandular lymph nodes also. The examination of the parotid gland and the cervical lymph node must be considered in orbital cancers that have a potential for lymphatic metastasis. The results of this study indicates the need to include deep lobe and extraglandular lymph node of parotid gland for surgical removal of disease.
Breast ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Drainage ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Melanoma ; Neck Dissection ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Orbit* ; Parotid Gland* ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Sarcoma