PURPOSE: The aim was to explore the relationship between health status/life style and prevalence of atopic dermatitis in adolescents. METHODS: Data from 1,743 adolescents (aged 13 to 18 years) derived from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were analyzed using binary logistic regression and the classification and regression tree (CART) model. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of atopic dermatitis was 10.3%. Third quartile income class (OR=2.19, 95% CI=1.20-4.00), fair and unhealthy self-rated health (OR=1.49, 95% CI=1.06-2.11; OR= 2.73, 95% CI=1.64-4.55), past or current smoker (OR=0.41, 95% CI=0.20-0.85; OR=0.44, 95% CI=0.21-0.92), and more than average stress (OR=1.43, 95% CI=1.03-1.99) were related with increased prevalence of atopic dermatitis. The high prevalence risk groups for atopic dermatitis were adolescents who perceived themselves to be healthy on self-rated health and had more than average stress and those who perceived themselves to be unhealthy and who never smoked. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that health status, smoking, and stress are associated with a prevalence risk for adolescent atopic dermatitis in different degrees. Therefore, for control of atopic dermatitis, various interventions for smoking and stress need to be reinforced for the high prevalence atopic dermatitis groups.
Adolescent ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Nutrition Surveys ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Child Health

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with early initiation of cigarette smoking among Korean adolescents. METHODS: A secondary analysis was conducted on the 2012 Korea Youth Risk BehaviorWeb-based Survey data using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: Early smoking initiation was associated with being male, having a positive subjective health status, perceiving oneself as thin or average weight (body image), having an average happiness level, being stressed, consuming alcohol, having suicidal ideation, experiencing sexual intercourse, having low or average academic grades, having a parental education level of high school or below, not taking a family trip in the previous 12 months, and having a family that approves of smoking in the home. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions targeting the prevention of smoking initiation among adolescents should include individual factors such as health status, body weight, perceived mental health status, health-risk behaviors, and academic characteristics as well as family factors that reinforce family cohesion and home smoking bans. Moreover, male adolescents aged 12e13 years and their parents should be the main target of these interventions.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior/*psychology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors ; *Smoking/epidemiology/psychology ; Time Factors

Tumor thrombus in the portal vein without any liver parenchymal abnormality is extremely rare. In the liver, the primary tumor most frequently presenting with intravascular tumor thrombi is hepatocellular carcinoma and lymphoma is rarely considered. Even though thrombosis occurs quite often in lymphoma, cases of tumor thrombus are rare and cases of tumor thrombus in the portal vein are even rarer. Only four cases of lymphoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis have been reported to date and all cases were the result of direct extensions of a dominant nodal or extra-nodal mass. To our knowledge, there has been no report on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) presenting only within the lumen of the portal vein and not intravascular B-cell lymphoma. We present the first case of DLBCL presenting only within the lumen of the portal vein in an immunocompetent patient.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify current health care management and barriers in health care management according to ecological systems, and to develop an ecological model for enhancing health care in child care centers. METHODS: Focus group interviews were conducted with directors and teachers of child care centers, and with parents of children enrolled in child care. Data were analyzed by the latent content analysis method. RESULTS: Twelve categories of health care management were identified. Barriers to child health care included knowledge deficit and lack of competence in health care by teachers, lack of useful health care manuals, non-existence of professional child health care personnel in child care centers, lack of mutual information sharing and disagreement on child health conditions between child care personnel and parents, lack of specific health related child care inspection criteria and time flexible child care centers with a lack of policy on collaboration with health care facilities. The ecological model developed included specific strategies to improve health care management in child care. CONCLUSION: The proposed ecological model to improve child health care management should be useful to plan future health care program considering both the immediate and indirect social environment surrounding children in child care.
Child ; Child Care ; Child Health ; Child, Preschool ; Cooperative Behavior ; Delivery of Health Care ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Mental Competency ; Parents ; Social Environment

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to describe the parenting experience of parents of children with chronic illness in Korea. METHODS: A conventional contents analysis was used for the study. Twelve mothers of chronically ill children participated in the study. Qualitative data were analyzed using the Morse and Field method. RESULTS: Four categories, 10 subcategories and 42 codes emerged from the data on the parenting experience of parents of children with chronic illness. The four categories were 'Sacrifice and full-engagement within self-mortification', 'Renormalization of collapsed daily life', 'Paving a new way for independence' and 'Growing together of myself and the family'. CONCLUSION: Parents of children with chronic illness experienced not only negative aspects such as a confusion but also re-normalization and growing together. Based on the results, health professionals need to develop effective nursing interventions toward positive parenting for these parents and their children with chronic illnesses.
Child* ; Chronic Disease* ; Health Occupations ; Humans ; Korea ; Mothers ; Nursing ; Parenting* ; Parents* ; Qualitative Research

PURPOSE: Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging-based three-dimensional fiber tractography (DTI-FT) is a new method which demonstrates the orientation and integrity of white matter fibers in vivo. However, clinical application on children with cerebral palsy is still under investigation. We present various abnormal patterns of DTI-FT findings and accordance rate with clinical findings in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy, to recognize the usefulness of DTI-FT. METHODS: The thirteen children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy evaluated at Yeungnam University hospital from March, 2003 to August, 2007 were enrolled in this study and underwent magnetic resonance DTI-FT of the corticospinal tracts. Two regions of interest (ROI) were applied and the termination criteria were fractional anisotropy > or =0.3, angle< or =70degrees. RESULTS: The patterns and distribution of abnormal DTI-based corticospinal tractographic findings were interruption(10 cases, 76.9%), reduction of fiber volume (8 cases, 61.5%), agenesis of corticospinal tract (3 cases, 23.1%), transcallosal fiber (2 cases, 15.4%) and, aberrant corticospinal tracts (4 cases, 30.8%). Abnormal DTI-based corticospinal tractographic findings were in accordance with the clinical findings of cerebral palsy in 84.6% of the enrolled patients. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that DTI-FT would be a useful modality in the assessment of the corticospinal tract abnormalities in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.
Anisotropy ; Cerebral Palsy ; Child ; Diffusion ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Orientation ; Pyramidal Tracts

PURPOSE: Intrauterine growth retardatation(IUGR) is very important because of high mortality and morbidity in the neonatal period. We studied the intrauterine growth retardation pattern in neonates with congenital heart disease(CHD). METHODS: One hundred seventeen cases with CHD(acyanotic, 73 cases; cyanotic, 44 cases) who had no other congenital malformation or maternal diseases that might affect fetal growth were enrolled in this study along with 120 control cases without CHD. We analyzed birth weight, crown-heel length and neonatal ponderal index. RESULTS:The proportion of IUGR infants was 17 out of 237 cases(7.2%). Compared to a normal control group(5/120, 4.2%), the CHD group had more IUGR(12/117, 10.3%)(P=0.006). Low birth weight(LBW) was higher in the CHD group(26/117, 22.2% vs 15/120, 12.5%; P=0.048). Among the CHD group, acyanotic CHD had often more than cyanotic CHD(21/73, 28.8% vs 5/44, 11.4%; P= 0.028). The proportion of IUGR among the LBW was 12 out of 41 cases(16.3%) in total. But, there were no significant difference in the proportion of IUGR among the LBW(10/26, 38.5% vs 2/15, 13.3 %; P=0.089), the proportion of IUGR among the prematurity(3/25, 12.0% vs 2/25, 8.0%; P=0.637) and abnormal neonatal ponderal index(5/12, vs 3/5; P=0.490). The proportion of short crown-heel length was high in the CHD group(7/117, 6.0% vs 1/120, 0.8%; P=0.028). CONCLUSION: Neonates with CHD had greater incidence of LBW, short crown-heel length and IUGR compared to normal neonates. Moreover, symmetrical IUGR was more common in IUGR neonates with CHD. Therefore, intrauterine development might be more influenced by intrinsic fetal factors than hemodynamic alteration of the circulation in CHD with IUGR.
Birth Weight ; Fetal Development ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mortality ; Parturition

Isoniazid is one of the most commonly used antituberculosis drug. Acute into xication is characterized by repetitious convulsions, high anion gap metabolic a cidosis and coma. The basis of theraphy consists of parental pyridoxine admi nistration in a dose equivalent to that of isoniazid ingested. Here we present a case of seizure and metabolic acidosis due to only renal adjustment dosage of Isoniazid in an elderly woman.
Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Acidosis* ; Aged* ; Coma ; Female ; Humans ; Isoniazid* ; Parents ; Pyridoxine ; Seizures*

BACKGROUND: Changes in the volume of the fluid space expanded by i.v. infusion of crystalloid solution have been analysed recently using mathematical models. The models are based on the assumption that the body strives to maintain volume homeostasis of fluid spaces and that the rate of restoration is a function of deviation from resting volume. METHODS: In this work mathematical models were developed to represent the kinetics of volume changes of fluid spaces associated with infusion of Ringer's solution. Based on the characteristics of fluid transportation, two expansion models were tested. The single-fluid space model has a single volume into which fluid is fed and from which fluid is left, and the two-fluid space model has another space in addition to the first volume so that fluid exchanges between these two spaces are possible. Volunteers (six men) were given Hartman's solution for 30 min and the changes in blood hemoglobin were detected. RESULTS: From the comparison with experimental data, the single-fluid space model was found to represent adequately in all volunteers, however, two-fluid space model was found to represent 75% of volunteers. CONCLUSIONS: These models may be useful in the description and analysis of the effects of i.v. fluid therapy.
Blood Volume ; Body Fluids* ; Fluid Therapy ; Homeostasis ; Kinetics ; Models, Theoretical ; Space Simulation ; Transportation ; Volunteers

No abstract available.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn*