PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting job embeddedness of nurses in trauma centers. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional study using structured questionnaires completed by 140 nurses in three regional trauma centers in Korea. Data were collected from July 15 to September 10, 2017, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. RESULTS: The mean score of organizational commitment was 3.65±0.75, positive psychological capital was 3.00±0.45, and job embeddedness was 3.00±0.45. The organizational commitment showed a significant positive correlation with positive psychological capital (r=.36, p<.001) and job embeddedness (r=.60, p<.001), and positive psychological capital also showed a significant positive correlation with job embeddedness (r=.74, p<.001). The factors affecting job embeddedness of nurses in trauma centers were positive psychological capital (β=.61, p<.001), organizational commitment (β=.38, p<.001), and marital status (β=-.14, p=.017). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that to enhance job embeddedness, it is necessary to develop education and programs to strengthen organizational commitment and positive psychological capital of nurses in trauma centers. In addition, for unmarried nurses, interest and consideration are needed to enhance job embeddedness and to reduce turnover.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Marital Status ; Single Person ; Trauma Centers

Granular cell tumor is not uncommon and is a well recognized entity which may arise at virtually any site of the body. However, occurrence in the thyroid is extremely rare and has not been described well. Only three cases could be found in the English literatures. We report a case of granular cell tumor of the thyroid in a 30 year-old woman. The tumor was illdefined, infiltrative and was composed of diffuse sheets of polygonal to fusiform cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. The tumor showed evidence of Schwann cell differentiation in immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examinations. Differentiation from more common thyroid tumors having oncocytic granular cytoplasm should be made by immunohistochemistry or electron microscopy.
Adult ; Cell Differentiation ; Cytoplasm ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Granular Cell Tumor* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microscopy, Electron ; Thyroid Gland*

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the expression of TSP-1 and -2 in eutopic endometrium of advanced endometriosis and control patients. METHODS: The 33 endometriosis patients and 32 controls were enrolled. Endometrial samples were obtained from 65 premenopausal women aged 29-44 years, undergoing laparoscopic surgery or hysterectomy for non-malignant lesions. Sufficient samples were collected from 33 patients with endometriosis stage III and IV and 32 controls without endometriosis confirmed by laparoscopic surgery. The mRNA expression from eutopic endometrium for TSP-1 and -2 were analyzed by RT-QC PCR. RESULTS: The mRNAs of TSP-1 and -2 were expressed in eutopic endometrium from endometriosis and normal controls throughout the menstrual cycle. There were no significant differences in expression of TSP-1 and TSP-2 in eutopic endometrium between controls and endometriosis patients. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that TSP-1 and -2 had no crucial role compared to other molecules in the regulation of angiogenesis. These findings also suggest that dysregulation of other angiogenic regulators would be concerned in pathophysiologic role in endometriosis development.
Endometriosis* ; Endometrium ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Laparoscopy ; Menstrual Cycle ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger* ; Thrombospondin 1 ; Thrombospondins

If orthodontists and restorative dentists establish the interdisciplinary approach to esthetic dentistry, the esthetic and functional outcome of their combined efforts will be greatly enhanced. This article describes satisfying esthetic results obtained by the distribution of space for restoration by orthodontic treatment and porcelain laminate veneers in uneven space between maxillary anterior teeth. It is proposed that the use of orthodontic treatment for re-distribution of the space and the use of porcelain laminate veneers to alter crown anatomy provide maximum esthetic and functional correction for patients with irregular interdental spacing.
Crowns ; Dental Porcelain ; Dentistry ; Dentists ; Humans ; Tooth

If orthodontists and restorative dentists establish the interdisciplinary approach to esthetic dentistry, the esthetic and functional outcome of their combined efforts will be greatly enhanced. This article describes satisfying esthetic results obtained by the distribution of space for restoration by orthodontic treatment and porcelain laminate veneers in uneven space between maxillary anterior teeth. It is proposed that the use of orthodontic treatment for re-distribution of the space and the use of porcelain laminate veneers to alter crown anatomy provide maximum esthetic and functional correction for patients with irregular interdental spacing.
Crowns ; Dental Porcelain ; Dentistry ; Dentists ; Humans ; Tooth

PURPOSE: To determine the effects of hand massage on nausea and vomiting, and anxiety in children with lymphocytic leukemia receiving high dose chemotherapy. METHOD: The children were assigned to an experimental group(15) or a control group(15). All of the children were diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia and admitted for high dose chemotherapy at C University Medical Center in Seoul. The hand massage was performed for 10 minutes twice a day over three days. To measure the effects of hand massage, the Index of Nausea and Vomiting by Rhodes et al. and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for children by Spielberger were used. The level of anxiety was measured by systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate. RESULTS: The score for nausea and vomiting decreased in the experimental group. State anxiety for the experimental group was significantly more positive than for the control group at the 2nd measurement. There was a significant difference in systolic blood pressure between the two groups. The level of diastolic blood pressure in the two groups decreased significantly over time. CONCLUSION: Hand massage could be effective in decreasing nausea and vomiting, state anxiety, pulse rate and blood pressure in children with acute leukemia receiving high dose chemotherapy.
Academic Medical Centers ; Anxiety* ; Blood Pressure ; Child ; Drug Therapy* ; Hand* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Leukemia* ; Leukemia, Lymphoid ; Massage* ; Nausea* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Seoul ; Vomiting* ; Child Health

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the expression of uPA and uPAR in eutopic endometrium of advanced stage endometriosis and control patients. METHODS: The 33 endometriosis patients and 32 controls were enrolled. Endometrial samples were obtained from 65 premenopausal women aged 29~44 years, undergoing laparoscopic surgery or hysterectomy for non-malignant lesions. Sufficient samples were collected from 33 patients with endometriosis stage III and IV and 32 controls without endometriosis confirmed by laparoscopic surgery. The mRNA expression of uPA and uPAR from eutopic endometrium were analyzed by RT-QC PCR. RESULTS: The mRNAs of uPA and uPAR were expressed in eutopic endometrium from endometriosis and normal controls throughout the menstrual cycle. Uterine endometrium from women with endometriosis expresses significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of u-PA mRNA than endometrium from normal women without endometriosis in the proliferative phase. There were no significant differences in expression of uPAR in eutopic endometrium between controls and endometriosis patients. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that eutopic endometrium from endometriosis patients may be more invasive and prone to peritoneal implantation because of greater u-PA mRNA expression than endometrium from women without endometriosis. Thus, increased proteolytic activity may be one etiology for the invasive properties of the endometrium resulting in the development of endometriosis.
Endometriosis* ; Endometrium* ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Laparoscopy ; Menstrual Cycle ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proteolysis ; RNA, Messenger* ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator

BACKGROUND: There is concem about the rising incidence of skin cancer. However, few articles have reported the change in the clinical and epidemiological aspects of skin cancer. OBJECTIVE: We performed this study in order to clarifiy the recent changes in cutaneous premalignant and malignant lesions. METHODS: A statistical analysis was made using 101 cases of cutaneous premalignant lesions and 205 cases of ma]ignant tumors out of a total number of 20,175 new outpatients that visited the Department of Dermatology at the Seoul National University Hospital during a 6 year period(1990-1995). RESULTS: The frequency of premalignant lesions was 0.50% and that of malignant tumors was 1.02%. The frequency showed an increasing tendency compared to previous reports. In the premalignant lesion cases, actinic keratosis was most common and represented a figure of 82.2%. Among the malignant tumors, basal cell carcinoma was most frequent at 24.4%. Age, sex and anatomical site distribution of basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma was no different. The mean age of squamous cell carcinoma was greater than in previous reports and main preceding lesions were actinic keratosis and cheilitis. The frequency of lymphoma was markedly increased but the reason for this remains to be determined. CONCLUSION: Our findings showed the continous increasing incidence of skin cancers and emphasize the need for public eduacation, early diagnosis and proper treatment.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cheilitis ; Dermatology ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Keratosis, Actinic ; Lymphoma ; Melanoma ; Outpatients ; Seoul ; Skin Neoplasms ; Statistics as Topic*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to obtain the fundamental data on prevention and management of musculoskeletal symptoms, and to assess the prevalence, risk factors and job characteristics of musculoskeletal symptoms in hotel employees. METHODS: The work sampling analysis was carried out by OWAS, and the prevalence was surveyed in term of NIOSH diagnostic criteria and work related risk factors on 263 hotel employees in Busan, Korea, using structured self-administered questionnaire from Jan. 20 to Feb. 26, 2010. The collected data were analysed by the SPSS 18.0. RESULTS: 1) The prevailing rate of musculoskeletal symptoms by NIOSH diagnostic criteria was 43.80% for total subjects and 27.91% for shoulders, 12.79% for neck, and 11.24% for back/waist, respectively. 2) Factors affecting the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms were examined and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. As a result, women, having a burden of musculoskeletal work, increased work time in case of a higher risk of the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms (P<0.1). 3) The body parts and the department with the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms showed a significant difference (P<0.05) compared with symptoms on shoulders, arms/elbows, and ankles/feet. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms by NIOSH diagnostic criteria in hotel employees was relatively high showing 43.80% for total subjects and higher in departments of laundry, reservations, cooking, food&beverage, dishwashing, and room cleaning than others.
Cooking ; Female ; Human Body ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) ; Neck ; Prevalence ; Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Shoulder

Over the past 30 years, there has been an increase in the incidence of multifetal pregna-ncies, primarily because of the introduction of ovarian stimulants for ovulation induction and assisted reproductive technology ( ART ) in infertile patients. It is well established that multifetal pregnancies are associated with an increased frequency of the maternal complications and gre-ater perinatal morbidity and mortyality. The adverse outcome of multifetal pregnancies is dire-ctly proportional to the number of fetuses, primarily as an consequence of prterm delivery. Re-duction in the number of fetuses in multifetal pregnancies has been proposed as a way to impr-ove the perinatal outcome in this situation. Therefore, selective fetal reduction ( SFR ) is sugges-ted as a therapeutic option for continuation of pregnancy with fetuses mature enough to survi-ve. In this paper, we report our infertility clinic experiences with 6 patients who carried mult- ifetal pregnancies including 1 quintuplet, 1 quadruplet, and 4 triplets. from January, 1991 to May, 1996, transabdominal SFR was accomplished by fetal intrathoracic KCl injection at 9~10 weeks of gestation. After the prcedure, 4 patients remained as twin pregnancies, and 2 patients as single pregnancy. There have been 3 sets of twin deliveries and the 2 sets of single delivery. One case was aborted. Two patients were delivered after 37 weeks of gestation, 2 patients were at 35 weeks, and 1 patient at 24 weeks. All babies have been healthy after birth in patients after 35 weeks gestation. There was no fetal anomaly related to the procedure in the 6 cases. We concluded that transabdominal SFR is a rather safe and useful procedure that may improve the outcome of multifetal pregnancies.
Fetus ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infertility ; Ovulation Induction ; Parturition ; Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal* ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Quadruplets ; Quintuplets ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Triplets ; Twins