Reye syndrome is a rapidly progressive encephalopathy with hepatic dysfunction, which often begins several days after apparent recovery from a viral illness, especially varicella or influenza A or B. Salicylate use was identified as a major precipitating factor for the development of Reye syndrome. With the recommendation to avoid use of salicylates in children, Reye syndrome has virtually disappeared in recent years. We report a case of Reye syndrome in a 5-month-old infant who had been treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin under the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease, and showed symptoms of sudden onset of irritability, rigidity, decreased activity, vomiting, poor appetite, lethargy, liver dysfunction without jaundice, coagulopathy, and hyperammonemia.
Appetite ; Aspirin ; Chickenpox ; Child ; Humans ; Hyperammonemia ; Immunoglobulins ; Infant ; Influenza, Human ; Jaundice ; Lethargy ; Liver Diseases ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; Precipitating Factors ; Reye Syndrome ; Salicylates ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate clinical features and causative organisms in febrile infants younger than three months, to help identification of high risk patients for serious bacterial infection (SBI). METHODS: A total of 313 febrile infants younger than three months, who had visited Seoul National University Children's Hospital from January 2008 to December 2010 were included. Clinical features, laboratory findings, causative organisms, and risk factors of SBI were analyzed by retrospective chart review. Causative bacterial or viral pathogens were identified by gram stain and cultures, rapid antigen tests, or the polymerase chain reaction from clinically reliable sources. RESULTS: Among 313 infants, etiologic organisms were identified in 127 cases (40.6%). Among 39 cases of bacterial infections, Escherichia coli (66.7%) and Streptococcus agalactiae (12.8%) were common. Enterovirus (33.7%), respiratory syncytial virus (19.8%), and rhinovirus (18.8%) were frequently detected in 88 cases of viral infection. Patients with SBI (39 cases) showed significantly higher values of the white blood cell count (14,473+/-6,824/mm3 vs. 11,254+/-5,775/mm3, P=0.002) and the C-reactive protein (6.32+/-8.51 mg/L vs. 1.28+/-2.35 mg/L, P<0.001) than those without SBI (274 cases). The clinical risk factors for SBI were the male (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.5-8.9), the presence of neurologic symptoms (OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.4-16.8), and the absence of family members with respiratory symptoms (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.2-11.3). CONCLUSION: This study identified common pathogens and risk factors for SBI in febrile infants younger than three months. These findings may be useful to guide management of febrile young infants.
Bacterial Infections ; C-Reactive Protein ; Enterovirus ; Escherichia coli ; Fever ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinovirus ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis ; Streptococcus agalactiae

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze how a nursing student recognizes PBL with simulation education and its relationship to academic achievement. METHODS: The study objects were the students in C college who learn through PBL using simulator for 15 weeks(September 2007 to December 2007). Learning element recognition was developed by Cho(2002) and three key evaluations(performance, self-evaluation, and colleague evaluation) were designed by professors. RESULTS: Learning element recognition ranged from 2.37 to 4.83 with the average at 3.94. For Learning element recognition, students who preferred discussion score 4.15. This was statistically more significant than those who do not. Students who preferred presentations show significantly higher score in colleague evaluation. For Learning element recognition and academic achievement, self-evaluation and colleague evaluation showed relationship to PBL learning element. CONCLUSION: There was definitely a relationship with PBL learning element and academic achievement after learning the PBL with simulation education.
Achievement ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Humans ; Learning ; Problem-Based Learning ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze nursing students' learning styles and relationship of learning style to participation and academic achievement. METHOD: The study participants were nursing students in C college learning through problem based learning (PBL). Data were collected using a questionnaire which included Kolb's learning styles. Performance evaluation and paper examination were used to evaluate academic achievement. RESULTS: Most of the students had converger type learning style. Student with a tendency to abstract conceptualization, such as converger type and assimilator type, preferred discussion and presentation. The students with converger type learning style participated and achieved better than students with diverger style. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that learning style was related to participation and academic achievement. Therefore in order to use PBL effectively, facilitators should consider students' learning styles.
Achievement ; Humans ; Learning ; Problem-Based Learning ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing

BACKGROUND: Beta-adrenergic receptor Kinase 1(betaARK1) is a serine/threonine kinase attached, which inhibits the coupling of beta-adrenergic receptor with G-protein. Myocardial betaARK1 level is usually elevated in heart failure and hypertrophy, but it is not known whether the circulating betaARK1 level is related with the degree of cardiac hypertrophy. This study was performed to evaluate the association of the betaARK1 level in circulating mononuclear leukocytes(MNL) in untreated hypertension with left ventricular mass in hypertensive patients. Method: Nineteen non-treated hypertensive patients were included for this study. High blood pressure was confirmed when systolic BP is over 150 mmHg or diastoli BP is over 95 mmHg. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate the degree of hypertrophy by measuring the left ventricular mass index(LVMI) and relative wall thickness(RWT), and test the LV function by measuring the ejection fraction(EF) according to ASE guideline. At the same time, blood was collected from each patient and MNL were isolated by gradient centrifuge with Ficoll-400. Total RNA was purified from MNL and semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed. After reverse transcription, PCR was done with primers for human betaARK1 and GAPDH as external control. betaARK1 levels were expressed by ratio to GAPDH level and estimated the relations with clinical and Echocardiographic parameters. Result: We studied confirmed 19 hypertensive patients(10 men and 9 women, mean age of 50.6 years). Echocardiographically measured indices(mean+/-SD) were as follows; LVMI(137.3+/-30.6g/m2), PWT(0.53+/-0.09) and EF(54.6+/-8.5%). Ratio of betaARK1 levels to GAPDH was from 0.10 to 0.96 (0.62+/-0.25). betaARK1 levels were correlated with LVMI(correlation coefficient: r=.502, p=.029) and RWT(r=.627, p=.004). But Systolic BP(r=0.009, p=.93), diastolic BP(r=.07, p=.85) or EF(r=.045, p=.84) were not related to level of betaARK1. CONCLUSIONS: The betaARK1 level of circulating MNL was correlated well with the degree of the cardiac hypertrophy estimated by LVMI and RWT. This data suggests that activation of sympatho-adrenal system would exert a major role in developing cardiac hypertrophy and we can expect the decreased responsiveness to catecholamine in the heart of hypertensive patients. betaARK1 in circulating MNL might be used as a predictor or marker for LV hypertrophy in hypertensive patients.
beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases ; Cardiomegaly ; Echocardiography ; Female ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; Heart ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertrophy ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear* ; Male ; Phosphotransferases ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting job embeddedness of nurses in trauma centers. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional study using structured questionnaires completed by 140 nurses in three regional trauma centers in Korea. Data were collected from July 15 to September 10, 2017, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. RESULTS: The mean score of organizational commitment was 3.65±0.75, positive psychological capital was 3.00±0.45, and job embeddedness was 3.00±0.45. The organizational commitment showed a significant positive correlation with positive psychological capital (r=.36, p<.001) and job embeddedness (r=.60, p<.001), and positive psychological capital also showed a significant positive correlation with job embeddedness (r=.74, p<.001). The factors affecting job embeddedness of nurses in trauma centers were positive psychological capital (β=.61, p<.001), organizational commitment (β=.38, p<.001), and marital status (β=-.14, p=.017). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that to enhance job embeddedness, it is necessary to develop education and programs to strengthen organizational commitment and positive psychological capital of nurses in trauma centers. In addition, for unmarried nurses, interest and consideration are needed to enhance job embeddedness and to reduce turnover.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Marital Status ; Single Person ; Trauma Centers

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although a lot of effort has been put into increasing fruit and vegetable intakes in preschool children, vegetable intake in this group is still low. This study investigated whether nutrition education focusing on fruit and vegetable intakes can affect preschoolers' fruit and vegetable intakes as well as their behavioral outcomes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Thirty-five preschoolers (54.3% boys, n = 19) aged 4–6 years residing in Seoul underwent weekly nutrition education intervention (8 sessions) between May and July 2016. Intakes of fruits and vegetables were measured during pre and post-intervention. At snack time, fresh fruit (150 g) and vegetable (120 g) snacks were distributed to each child by teachers. The remaining portions of the snacks were weighed and recorded for each child. Behavioral outcomes were measured by applying Child behavior checklist 1.5–5 and the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. RESULTS: During post intervention, vegetable intake increased from 36.15 ± 30.64 g to 48.01 ± 31.23 g (P = 0.010). Among the emotional and behavioral problems measured by parents, levels of total problems (P = 0.001), internalizing (P = 0.004), externalizing (P = 0.003), anxiety and depression (P = 0.001), and aggressive behavior (P = 0.005) decreased. Anxiety (P = 0.026) score, as measured by teachers, also decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Nutrition education of preschoolers regarding the intakes of fruits and vegetables had a positive effect on preschoolers' vegetable intake as well as on their emotional and behavioral outcomes. A long-term, large-scale study with a broader study design is warranted to further investigate the role of fruit and vegetable intake in cognitive development and behavior of preschoolers.
Anxiety ; Checklist ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Child, Preschool ; Depression ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Education* ; Fruit* ; Humans ; Parents ; Problem Behavior ; Seoul ; Snacks ; Vegetables*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation modeling on the reproductive health behavior of single women with sexual experiences. This study employed Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). METHODS: The data were collected after receipt of consent from 250 single women with sexual experiences, and analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. RESULTS: Model fit indices for the hypothetical model were suitable for the recommended level: x²=362.407, RMR=0.065, RMSEA=0.070, GFI=0.867. TLI=0.927, CFI=0.938, IFI=0.939, and x²/dF=2.237. Intention showed direct effect with the biggest effect being on reproductive health behavior. Attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control were found to have a direct effect on intention. Among them, perceived behavioral control revealed the largest influence. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the TPB is a suitable model in explaining the reproductive health behavior of single women with sexual experience. Strategic plans for educational and intervention programs should be aimed to encourage single women to engage in reproductive health behavior.
Female ; Humans ; Intention ; Reproductive Health* ; Single Person*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify factors that affect nursing performance; Those factors are personal characteristics, sub-categories of empowerment and job satisfaction of clinical nurses. METHODS: Data were collected from November 24, 2012 to March 11, 2013, and participants were 451 hospital nurses in 6 hospitals. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Nurses who were older, married, highly educated, in the position of charge nurse, and with longer clinical careers showed relatively higher empowerment, higher job satisfaction, and higher nursing performance than others. Also, there were strong correlations between nursing performance and empowerment (r=.576)/job satisfaction (r=.617). Factors predicted nursing performance were relationship with coworkers (beta=.398), duty (beta=.181), promotion system (beta=.134), and turnover intention (beta=-.109). Factors predicting job satisfaction were competency of empowerment (beta=.249), and clinical career (beta=.151). These 6 factors explained 55.2% of the variance in nursing performance (F=93.37, <.001). CONCLUSION: Regarding human resource management, relationship with co-workers is a changeable factor. Therefore nursing organizations should apply these factors in human resource management to enhance nursing performance and achieve organizational goals.
Employee Performance Appraisal ; Humans ; Intention ; Job Satisfaction* ; Nursing* ; Nursing, Supervisory ; Organizational Objectives ; Power (Psychology)* ; Statistics as Topic