PURPOSE: To assess the CT and histological findings after cryoablation in the normal lung of rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After performing chest CT on rabbits, we inserted a cryoneedle toward the lower lobe of the right lung. We performed percutaneous cryoablation that was composed of freeze-thaw-freeze cycles (25 minutes) for group 1 animals and one cycle of variable freezing time (10-20 minutes) for group 2 animals. We measured the longest (Dl) and shortest diameter (Ds) of the ablated zones that were determined after cryoablation for all of the CT images. After cryoablation, we performed a pathological examination. RESULTS: The mean Dl and Ds of the ablated zone was 28.1+/-3.9 mm and 16+/-1.6 mm, respectively, for group 1 rabbits. For group 2 rabbits, the mean Dl and Ds was 28.7+/-6.3 mm and 14.4+/-3.8 mm, respectively, for one cycle of 20 minutes freezing time. Based on the histological findings, the ablated zone was composed of a necrotic, hemorrhagic, and inflammatory area, in order from the center to the outside. Although each area was well differentiated in group 1 rabbits, only freezing for one cycle of 20 minutes for the group 2 rabbits gave the same results as for the group 1 rabbits. CONCLUSION: A total freezing time of at least 20 minutes and two more freeze-thaw-freeze cycles might be important factors for providing a sufficient area of the ablated zone and uniform necrosis during cryoablation.
Animals ; Catheter Ablation ; Cryosurgery ; Cryotherapy ; Freezing ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Necrosis ; Rabbits ; Thorax

Primaquine was approved for treatment of malaria in 1952 by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It has remained the only FDA-licensed drug capable of clearing the intra-hepatic schizonts and hypnozoites of Plasmodium vivax. It is associated with serious hazards and side effects, such as hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia. However, there is no report of primaquine causing liver injury in Korea. We describe a case of acute liver failure following primaquine overdose in a 19-year-old man.
Anemia, Hemolytic ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver ; Liver Failure, Acute* ; Malaria ; Methemoglobinemia ; Plasmodium vivax ; Primaquine ; Schizonts ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Young Adult