PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for field modification during radiotherapy in esophageal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study on 33 patients that underwent chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Pathologic findings were squamous cell carcinoma in 32 patients and adenocarcinoma in 1 patient. All patients underwent PET/CT scans before and during CRT (after receiving 40 Gy and before a 20 Gy boost dose). Response evaluation was determined by PET/CT using metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total glycolytic activity (TGA), MTV ratio (rMTV) and TGA ratio (rTGA), or determined by CT. rMTV and rTGA were reduction ratio of MTV and TGA between before and during CRT, respectively. RESULTS: Significant decreases in MTV (MTV2.5: mean 70.09%, p < 0.001) and TGA (TGA2.5: mean 79.08%, p<0.001) were found between before and during CRT. Median rMTV2.5 was 0.299 (range, 0 to 0.98) and median rTGA2.5 was 0.209 (range, 0 to 0.92). During CRT, PET/CT detected newly developed distant metastasis in 1 patient, and this resulted in a treatment strategy change. At a median 4 months (range, 0 to 12 months) after completion of CRT, 8 patients (24.2%) achieved clinically complete response, 11 (33.3%) partial response, 5 (15.2%) stable disease, and 9 (27.3%) disease progression. SUVmax (p = 0.029), rMTV50% (p = 0.016), rMTV75% (p = 0.023) on intra-treatment PET were found to correlate with complete clinical response. CONCLUSION: PET/CT during CRT can provide additional information useful for radiotherapy planning and offer the potential for tumor response evaluation during CRT. rMTV50% during CRT was found to be a useful predictor of clinical response.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Chemoradiotherapy* ; Disease Progression ; Electrons ; Esophageal Neoplasms* ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Positron-Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography* ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Burden

Epidermoid cysts occur rarely on the palms and soles, where hair is not present. These cysts have long been assumed to arise from traumatic implantation of epidermal fragment, but the pathogenesis is still controversial. Recently, with microscopic findings, immunohistochemical features, and molecular studies, the epidermoid cysts of the sole may be induced by the human papillomavirus. We report two cases of epidermoid cysts of the sole with the discussion of the pathogenesis.
Epidermal Cyst* ; Hair ; Humans*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the differences by the stages of change in exercise behaviors of caregivers based on Transtheoretical Model. METHODS: The subjects were consisted of randomly chosen 105 caregivers working in a nursing home. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square test, ANOVA and Duncan test using IBM SPSS Statistics 19. RESULTS: The results showed that in the stages of exercise behaviors, there were most participants in contemplation stage with 24.7%, followed by 22.8% in preparation, 21.9% maintenance, 19.0% action and 11.4% pre-contemplation. As for the process of change by the stages of change in exercise behaviors, it showed statistically significant differences in behavioral strategies (F=7.641, p<.001). In decisional balance, pros (F=0.66, p=.620) showed statistical significance, with higher pros in all stages except pre-contemplation. Self-efficacy was also statistically significant (F=6.25, p<.001), especially in the maintenance stage. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that in order to encourage caregivers to exercise, a strategic intervention to reinforce the process of change, recognition of positive decision-making and promotion of self-efficacy in exercise behaviors should be developed.
Caregivers ; Humans ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Nursing Homes

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the differences by the stages of change in exercise behaviors of caregivers based on Transtheoretical Model. METHODS: The subjects were consisted of randomly chosen 105 caregivers working in a nursing home. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square test, ANOVA and Duncan test using IBM SPSS Statistics 19. RESULTS: The results showed that in the stages of exercise behaviors, there were most participants in contemplation stage with 24.7%, followed by 22.8% in preparation, 21.9% maintenance, 19.0% action and 11.4% pre-contemplation. As for the process of change by the stages of change in exercise behaviors, it showed statistically significant differences in behavioral strategies (F=7.641, p<.001). In decisional balance, pros (F=0.66, p=.620) showed statistical significance, with higher pros in all stages except pre-contemplation. Self-efficacy was also statistically significant (F=6.25, p<.001), especially in the maintenance stage. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that in order to encourage caregivers to exercise, a strategic intervention to reinforce the process of change, recognition of positive decision-making and promotion of self-efficacy in exercise behaviors should be developed.
Caregivers ; Humans ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Nursing Homes

Hemangiopericytoma was first described by Stout & Murray in 1942 and was an uncommon soft tissue tumor thought to be derived from vascular pericytes. Approximately 10-15% of the cases occur in children have a propensity to develop in the region of head, neck and lower extremities. We experienced a case of congenital hemangiopericytoma of small bowel in a male neonate who showed vomiting and abdorninal distension. We reported a case of congenital hemangiopericytoma of small bowel with brief review of related literature.
Child ; Head ; Hemangiopericytoma* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestinal Obstruction* ; Intestine, Small ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Neck ; Pericytes ; Vomiting

The purpose of this study is to gather basic data on dietitian's general characteristics, working conditions, job achievement and job satisfaction. Thereby, a formulation can be worked out to improve dietitian's job achievement and satisfaction. The study was conducted during one week period, spanning July 23 to July 30, 1998. The method of the study was to distribute 560 questionnaires to the primary school dieticians working in the city of Tae Jun, located in Choong-Cheong Province. Out of 560 questionnaires that was distributed, 327 were returned. Moreover, 318 out of 327 questionnaires that was returned was valid enough to be processed by the SAS Program. About sixty percent of the respondents(61.1%) indicated that they were between 26 to 30 years old. Moreover, approximately half of the respondents(48.8%) were unmarried. In terms of the level of education, the bachelor's degree was reported as the most common education level(56.3%), while 3.8% of the participants reported achieving graduate degrees. The number of years in working in the profession ranged from 2 to 5 years. Furthermore, approximately 74% of the respondents indicated that, on average, they earned over 800,000(Won) per month. In terms of the type of the school setting, 52.8% of the respondents worked in the urban setting, whereas, 60.0% worked in the rural school setting. Of these schools, about thirty eight percent(38.7%) of the schools were relatively small sized schools(400 students or less ). In terms of dietitian's sense of job satisfaction, the areas that showed relatively high level of satisfaction was in the menu control work(3.90) and purchase control work(3.90). However, appallingly low job satisfaction was indicated in the areas of personnel management (2.96%), and nutritional education and counsel(2.73%). Furthermore, job satisfaction varied greatly depending on age, wage, type of the food service, and type of school. The highest satisfaction was indicated in the areas of supervisory position(3.42), work itself(3.31%), co-workers(3.11). Other facets that led to job satisfaction were periodic wage increase(2.19%) and promotion opportunities(2.79%). In conclusion dietitian's job achievement showed significant correlation with job satisfaction. The study suggests that, in order to improve the overall job satisfaction of the dieticians, it is necessary to improve the working conditions of dieticians in primary schools. Secondly, there is a necessity for improving the status of the dieticians by raising the salary and treating the dieticians with the same level of respect in comparison with teachers or executive officials. Finally, another way of raising the job satisfaction of the dieticians is to provide opportunity for continuing education. So that, they can further their career in their chosen field.
Adult ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education ; Education, Continuing ; Food Services ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction* ; Nutritionists* ; Personnel Management ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Single Person

No abstract available.
Dermoid Cyst*

PURPOSE: To analyze the dynamic MR imaging of breast fibroadenoma according to the histologic type for differentiation from breast carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dynamic MR images of 26 lesions from 22 breasts in 19 patients showing atypical clinical features or film mammogram and ultrasound manifestations were performed. We analyzed the speed and the maximal amount of contrast enhancement and the patterns, such as shape, border, and internal signal intensity, among the histologic types during five minutes after contrast injection. RESULTS: The speed and maximal amount of contrast enhancement of fibroadenoma were in descending order of myxoid, sclerotic, glandular, and calcified types. Among these, the value of maximal amount of contrast enhancement of myxoid and sclerotic type were more than 700 NU, but only myxoid type was enhanced more than 700NU within the first 1 minute after contrast injection, similar to the findings of carcinoma. In general, fibroadenoma showed the tendency of smooth surface(69%), well-defined border(88%) with safety rim, and internal homogeneous signal intensity(65%). However, sclerotic type of fibroadenoma had relatively high incidence of heterogeneous internal signal intensity(78%) after Gd-DTPA injection. CONCLUSION: Dynamic MR imaging of atypical breast fibroadenoma mimicking breast malignancy was very useful in differentiation it from carcinoma and had the benefit of classifying fibroadenoma according to its histologic types.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Fibroadenoma* ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Humans ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: To study the prognosis of patients with lung cancer, many investigators have reported the methods to detect cell proliferation in tissues including PCNA, thymidine autoradiography, flow cytometry and Ki-67. PCNA, also known as cyclin, is a cell related nuclear protein with 36KD intranuclear polypeptide that is maximally elevated in S phase of proliferating cells. In this study, PCNA was identified by paraffin-embedding tissue using immunohistochemistry which has an advantage of simplicity and maintenance of tissue architecture. The variation of PCNA expression is known to be related with proliferating fraction, histologic type, anatomic(TNM) stage, degree of cell differentiation, S-phase fraction and survival rate. We analyzed the correlation between PCNA expression and S-phase fraction, survival. METHODS: To investigate expression of PCNA in primary lung cancer, we used immunohistochemical stain to paraffin-embedded sections of 57 resected primary non-small cell lung cancer specimen and the results were analyzed according to the cell type, cell differentiation, TNM stage, S-phase fraction and survival. RESULTS: PCNA expression was dMded into five group according to degree of staging(-, +, ++, +++,++++). Squamous cell type showed high positivity than in adenocarcinoma. Nonsignificant difference related to TNM stage was noticed. Nonsignificant difference related to degree of cell differentiation was noticed. S-phase fraction was increased wit advance of PCNA positivity, but t could not reach the statistic significance. The 2 year survival rate and median survival time were -50% 13 months, +75% 41.3 months, ++73% 33.6 months, +++67% 29.0 months, ++++25% 9 months with statistic significance (P<0.05, Kaplan-Meier, generalized Wilcox). CONCLUSION: From this study. PCNA expression was high positive n squamous cell cancer. And, there was no relationship between PCNA positivity and TNM stage, cellular differentiation or S-phase fraction. But, the patients with high positive PCNA staining showed poor survival rate than the patients with lower positive PCNA. It was concluded that PCNA immunostaining is a simple and useful method for survival prediction in paraffin embedded tissue of non-small cell lung cancer.
Adenocarcinoma ; Autoradiography ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclins ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell ; Nuclear Proteins ; Paraffin ; Prognosis ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Research Personnel ; S Phase ; Survival Rate* ; Thymidine

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of commonly used orthopaedic material, stainless steel (SS) screw (2.7xlOmm, Synthes) and titanium (Ti) screw (2.7x10mm, Synthes), on bacterial adherence and infection. The bacteria used for this study was Staphylococcus epidermidis for its ability of adherence. For in vitro assay, screws of each material were placed into test tube containing 107 colony forming unit (CFU) of S. epidermidis in trypticase soy broth for 18 hours. Following incubation, each screws were treated either with trypsin or with an ultrasonic cleaner. For in vivo assay, we inoculated 5x107 CFU of S. epidermidis into the proximal tibial metaphysis of the rabbits, and then inserted Ti screw on the right side and SS screw on the left side. The amount of in vitro adherence of S. epidermidis was greater for SS screw than for Ti screw. Especially following trypsin treatment, SS groups yielded significantly higher bacterial counts than Ti group, respectively (1.4x105 CFU vs 2.8x104 CFU, p<0.05). We found a significantly higher bacterial count after use of SS screw than after Ti screw in rabbits in vivo assay also. Trypsin treatment for identifying biofilm embedded bacteria from implanted metal may be useful in the diagnosis of infection. Ti screw appears to have biocompatibility to inhibit bacterial adherence compared with SS screw in the rabbit tibial model.
Bacteria ; Bacterial Load ; Biofilms ; Diagnosis ; Rabbits ; Stainless Steel ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Stem Cells ; Titanium ; Trypsin ; Ultrasonics