Since bioterrorism has become reality after its occurrence in USA, our goverment is preparing and conducting strategic plans for preparedness and response to bioterrorism. The major plans consist of reinforcement of surveillance of notifiable communicable diseases, construction of supplementary surveillance systems, organization of emergency department and infection specialists networks, strengthening of laboratory capacity and network, and establishment of a stepwise response plan according to risk assessment. For the preparedness for bioterrorism, we are preparing a national pharamaceutical stockpile (antibiotics, smallpox vaccine, etc) and strengthening the organization, law, epidemiologic capacity, research, and management of critical infectious agents. It is very difficult to predict the risk of bioterrorism, which may be very low. Nevertheless, the complete preparedness is necessary to prevent social confusion by bioterrorism. Especially, phisician's role in response to bioterrorism such as case detection, report, management, and treatment is very important.
Bioterrorism* ; Communicable Diseases ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Jurisprudence ; Risk Assessment ; Smallpox Vaccine ; Specialization

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung*

Communicable diseases are a continuing menace to all people. Although some diseases have been conquered by antibiotics and vaccines, new ones are constantly emerging (such as HIV/AIDS, Legionnaires' disease), while others re-emerging (such as malaria, shigellosis). In 2000, the communicable disease control law had been amended to cope with emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. The important amendatory contents are revision of statutory communicable diseases (3 class, 29 → 5 groups,63), shortening of the reporting time(group I,II,IV, immediately ; group III, V, within 7 days), and introduction of sentinel surveillance system, EDI reporting system, and reporting criteria.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Communicable Disease Control ; Communicable Diseases* ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging ; Jurisprudence ; Malaria ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Vaccines

No abstract available.
Electroacupuncture ; Hyperalgesia

OBJECTIVE: To assess the difference of baseline hormonal status and pathophysiology, and confirm the risk factors for long term complication according to Body Mass Index in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum level of LH, FSH, Estradiol, Prolactin, Testosterone, DHEA-S, fasting insulin were measured and 100 gm oral glucose tolerance test and endometrial biopsy were performed in total 75 chronic anovulation patients and 20 normal cycling infertility patients. 95 evaluated patients were divided into 3 groups including patients with chronic anovulation having BMI below 25, BMI beyond 25.1, normal cycling infertility patients, Group 1 (n=39), Group 2 (n=36), Group 3 (n=20), respectively. Statistical analysis was performed respect to relationship between BMI and measured hormone level, sum of glucose level during 100 gm OGTT, insulin resistance using t-test, ANOVA test, Post Hoc test, Mann-Whitney test. p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: Serum LH level and LH/FSH ratio was significantly higher in Group 1, compared than Group 2 or 3 (p<0.05), BMI and LH, LH/FSH ratio was negatively correlated (r=-0.351, r=-0.318). There was no significant difference according to BMI in FSH, testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, DHEA-S level. Fasting insulin and sum of glucose level during 100 gm OGTT were significantly higher in Group 2 compared than Group 1 or Group 3 (p<0.05), there was no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 3. Insulin resistance was more frequently identified in Group 2 compared than Group 1 (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: BMI and LH, LH/FSH ratio were negatively correlated, so clinical significance of LH, LH/FSH ratio in diagnosis of PCOS may be attenuated by increasing body weight. Overweight patients with chronic anovulation may be the risk group for developing insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, later type 2 DM. Hyperinsulinemia may operate mainly in overweight chronic anovulation patients in development of hyperandrogenism.
Anovulation* ; Biopsy ; Body Mass Index* ; Body Weight ; Diagnosis ; Estradiol ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose Intolerance ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Hyperandrogenism ; Hyperinsulinism ; Infertility ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Metabolism* ; Overweight ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; Prolactin ; Risk Factors ; Testosterone

No abstract available.
Killer Cells, Natural* ; Lymphocytes* ; Lymphocytes, Null* ; Schizophrenia*

Bleaching creams containing hydroquinone are modestly effective in treating some cutane ous pigmentary disorders. Hydroquinone creams frequently cause mild irritant reactions and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, but rarely allergic reactions. A case of allergic contact dermatitis due to hydroquinone in a 21-year-old woman was confirmed by the patch test.
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Hypersensitivity ; Patch Tests ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

This study was designed to identify the relationship between perceived social support and discernd powerlessness held by the elderly residing in a rural community. The purpose of this study was to contribute to theoretical understanding of the relationship of these two variables and eventually to the more effective adaptation of the elderly to their situation. The subjects for this study were the 89 elderly residing in a rural community. Data were collected by a questionnaire from June 2 to 20, 1998. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlated coefficient and stepwise multiple regression using a SAS program. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. The relationship between perceived social support and discernd powerlessness was significant(r = -.23502, p=.0266). Especially, discernd elderly's powerlessness shows a highly significant relationship with family and neighborhood support(family r= -.45096, p=.0001, neighborhood r= -.35681, p=.0006). In the support patterns, the discernd powerlessness of the elderly has a significant relationship to emotional, informational and evaluational support. Therefore the hypothesis that, "the lower the degree of social support peiceived by the elderly, the higher the degree of discened powerlessness" was supported. 2. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of discened powerlessness was family support in support system (R2 = .2034), and emotional support (R2 = .0627) in support patterns. 3. General characteristic related to the degree of social support was only residential status(P< .05), but the degree of family support was related to spouse(t=2.390. p<.01). residential status(t= -2.157, p<.05), and household.
Aged* ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Residence Characteristics ; Rural Population*

We describe herein a case of meningioma showing three recurrences and in the end malignant transformation. To compare the differences of MIB1, p53 and progesterone receptor expressions in benign, recurrent and malignant meningiomas of the same patient, we performed immunohistochemical stainings for those markers. MIB1 and p53 reactivities were increased in proportion to histologic aggressiveness. By contrast, the progesterone receptor expression was noted in benign meningioma but not in malignant meningioma.
Humans ; Meningioma* ; Progesterone* ; Receptors, Progesterone* ; Recurrence*