When people undergo stressful situations such as a cancer diagnosis, they ask, "why me?" The causal attributions people make about cancer influence what kind of coping strategies are chosen. Weiner (1979) suggested three dimensions of causal attributions: focus of causality, stability, and controllability. The purpose of the present study was to test the relation between causal attributions and self-efficacy in patients with cancer. The subjects were 194 patients who had been diagnosed cancer one year ago and attended an outpatient clinic. 1. Each mean score of causal attribution dimensions (focus of control, stability, controllability) that each patient made about cancer was 2.47, 2.73, 2.86, 3.35, and 3.28. The mean score of self-efficacy was 71.03. 2. There was a significant negative correlation between self efficacy and controllability. Particularly, there was a significant negative relationship between self efficacy and external controllability. Based upon these results, it is recommended that the developing nursing interventions to change causal attribution and self-efficacy is necessary. A number of theoretical relationships and empirical finding are confirmed by this data, and future proposals in research is suggested.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Nursing ; Self Efficacy

PUPPOSE: This study was performed to identify the factors which affected exercise and the perceived exercise behaviors in women according to Q-methodology and to provide basic strategies for health promotion of middle-aged women in Korea. METHOD: Q-methodology provides a scientific method for identifying perception structures that exist within certain individuals or groups. Thirty subjects in Seoul, Incheon, Chung-buk classified 35 selected Q-statements in to 9 points standard. The collected data was analyzed by using a QUANL pc program. RESULT: Principal component analysis identified 3 types of exercise behavior of middle-aged women in Korea and named by the researcher. They are called persistent activity preference type, living-exercise preference type, exercise mania type. In persistent activity preference type, the middle-aged women thought activity was very helpful to achieving health and releasing stress or fatigue. Also, they recognized the relationship between physical health and psychological health. In living- exercise preference type, the middle-aged women preferred maintaining stability or nonactivity to intended exercise or activity for health. In exercise mania type, the middle-aged women thought there was no other way to keep her health than to exercise. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study will provide the health care provider including nurse with useful information. It's very important to offer appropriate exercise intervention to the middle-aged women of each type by taking into consideration the characteristics of individual types.
Bipolar Disorder ; Fatigue ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Health Personnel ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Incheon ; Korea* ; Principal Component Analysis ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Biomarkers, Tumor*

Polyarteritis nodosa is systemic necrotizing vasculitis of medium and small-sized arteries and results in variable manifestations due to ischemia of the involving organs. Diagnosis can either be made pathologically by demonstrating necrotizing vasculitis of arteries or angiographycally by demonstrating small arterial aneurysm. We experienced a case of PAN with dilated cardiomyopathy, confirmed by clinical feature, renal biopsy, angiography and echocardiography.
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Biopsy ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated* ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Ischemia ; Polyarteritis Nodosa* ; Vasculitis

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data in child health education or counselling through content analysis related to child health in newspaper articles. Data were collected 8 daily newspaper by selecting health articles from neonate to adolescent period during 1 year from January 1 to December 31 in 1998. The data were analyzed in the framework of content analysis method and the reliability degree was 98% by the method of Holsti. The results of this study are as follows. 1. The frequency according to health category, disease treatment(46.7%) topped followed by health maintenance . promotion(28.0%), disease prevention(14.7%), growth? development(10.6%). 2. The frequency according to season, summer(36. 4%) rank first. 3. The frequency according to WHO international disease classification, infectious disease(29.6%) take most. 4. According to child developmental age, similar frequency showed from infant to adolescent except neonate. 5. 201 themes, 43 category, 4 health categories were confirmed in the content analysis. 6. Health maintence . promotion occupy 28.0% of health category include 14 categories. 7. Growth . development include 6 category occupying 10.6% of the whole health category. 8. Disease prevention occupy 14.7%0 of health category and contain 6 categories. 9. Disease treatment take top of health category by the rate of 46.7% and contain 17 categories.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child Development ; Child Health* ; Child* ; Classification ; Education ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Newspapers* ; Seasons ; Periodicals

BACKGROUND: The development of decision support systems for nursing has been limited by difficulties in defining and representing the nursing knowledge base and by a lack of knowledge about how nurses make decisions. However, the current trends suggest that many of the formidable technological and conceptual challenges associated with representing nursing knowledge can be overcome, and that decision support systems developed using knowledge engineering can be used to significantly improve nursing practice. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop a diagnostic nursing decision support system for inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to elucidate the advantages and disadvantages of applying a knowledge engineering approach to its development. METHODS: To acquire the relevant knowledge, a literature review was used to iteratively establish nursing diagnoses and clinical assessment criteria. Twenty-five NANDA diagnoses and 145 clinical assessment variables were structured into a criteria table used as the knowledge base for a prototype system. To investigate the responses of nurses to knowledge presentation, 27 nurses from inpatient and ambulatory settings and the graduate course of nursing informatics were recruited and a scenario-based preliminary evaluation was performed. RESULTS: A prototype for inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was developed as a Web-based stand-alone system. It automatically generated suggested nursing problem lists based on the input data, and also provided detailed explanatory information for each item on the list. We describe the advantages and disadvantages of the development approach used and discuss the users' impressions of the system.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Knowledge Bases ; Nursing Diagnosis ; Nursing Informatics ; Nursing*

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and preferences of supplementary drinks for very old subjects who are likely to be malnourished. Twenty-five elderly subjects were divided into two groups. The supplemented group(N=15) received 500mls of nutrient supplement(New Care) two times daily for 4 weeks. This resulted in a significant increase in the total calories, protein, minerals and vitamins. Nutritional status was assessed both anthropometrically and biochemically, before and after the study period. A significant improvement in mid arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness and serum albumin were observed in the supplemented group but not in the control group. There is a possibility that most of the elderly were in an anemic state at the beginning of the study since their mean hematologic parameters were within the lower normal range while their mean serum osmolarities was slightly higher than normal,. Although mean serum hemoglobin and hematocrit were not increased significantly, th percentage of the recovery rate from anemia in the supplemented group was higher than in the control group. Total lymphocyte count also showed similar tendency. Sensory evaluation of nutritional supplementary drinks were relatively good and the elderly showed great interest in nutrient supplements. This study suggests that a nutritional status of poorly nourished elderly subjects can be improved by providing them with nutritional supplementations.
Aged* ; Anemia ; Arm ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Minerals ; Nutritional Status ; Osmolar Concentration ; Reference Values ; Serum Albumin ; Skinfold Thickness ; Vitamins

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Pregnancy*

Giant arachnoid granulations have been reported to be associated with headaches, which can be acute or chronic in presentation. In some cases, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, previously called pseudotumor cerebri, may occur. The pathophysiology of these enlarged structures seen as filling defects on imaging is not clearly defined, although they are presumed to cause symptoms such as headache via pressure resulting from secondary venous sinus obstruction. We present a unique presentation of secondary headache in a 39-year-old man with no prior history of headaches found to have giant arachnoid granulations, presenting as migraine with aura.
Adult ; Arachnoid* ; Epilepsy ; Headache* ; Humans ; Migraine Disorders* ; Migraine with Aura* ; Pseudotumor Cerebri