Ouarian tumors of low malignant potential(OTLMP) or borderline tumors account for approximately 10% of all ovarian neaplasms. Borderline tumors have some but not all of the histologic characteristics af ma lignancy : stratification of epitheliial cells, with some degree of nuclear atypia a,nd inereased mitotic actitity but. without stromal invasion. We reviwed 20 published Rnglish written articlea from 1978 to 1992 and Korean gynecologic cancer regestry of 1990. In this review, we tried to concentrate on several debating is sues in OTLMP: 1) What kind of surgery is needed for each stages?, 2) Is postoperative adjuvant t.herapy needed?, 3) Jf needed, which type? Following result were obtained from the besis of 1516 patients with OTLMP. Patients withh OTLMIP are younger than those with invasive ovarian cancers', mean age was in their forties. The majority of patients(74.5%) had stage I disease, and the incidence dropped ahruptly to 9.4% for stage ll, 15.7% for stage III and 0.4% for stage IV. The most cammon histologic subtype was serous(56.7%), followed by muci noua(38.1%), However, interestingly in Korea and Japan, the mucinous type was the most common one. The primary treatment for OTLMP was surgery, and the conservative surgery to preserve fertility in young women was sufficient for stage I disease with careful follow-up. The majority of patients(79.1%) with stage I disease were treated by surgery alone. Adjuvant such as chemotherapy (CT) and/or radiotherapy(RT) could prolong the recurrence of disease a little later, but failed to increase diaease-free survival significantly in stage I disease. In stageII disease, the surgery should be a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with multiple sampling of the peritoneal cavity. About a third of patients with stageII disease received no adjuvant therapy and the others received CT and/or RT, however, there was no difference in outcome of recurrence and survival. In advanced stage. 15% of patients received no adjuvant therapy after initial debulking surgery, and the rest of patients received CT and/or RT. No differences in recurrence and survival between each groups were noticed , too. The status of second-look laparotomy(SLL) did not depend on the stage of the disease. Positive rate of SLL for stage I diaease was not statistically different from that for the combined stages II-IV. Survival for stage I at 5 years was reported to range from 80 to 100%, and even stage III had survival ranging from 64 to 96%. Long-term survival at 15~20 years was also good. Although it is quite difficult to make conclusions because of the lack of prospective randomized studies from this review, it appears clear that surgical removal of the tumor and careful follow-up of patients are all that are necessary in stage I disease and further multi-center prospective study for the effect of adjuvant therapy in advanced disease is definitely needed.
Drug Therapy ; Female ; Fertility ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Incidence ; Japan ; Korea ; Mucins ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence

Tumor angiogenesis has been found to have prognostic significance in many tumor types for predicting an increased risk of metastasis. We assessed tumor vascularity in 28 cases of borderline malignancy and 71 cases of carcinoma of the ovary which had been resected and diagnosed, using the highly specific endothelial cell marker CD34. The numbers of microvessels were counted in 200 magnification in three highly vascularised areas. The numbers of microvessels in carcinomas were higher than that in the borderline malignancy of serous and mucinous tumors. The number of microvessels of mucinous carcinomas was significantly higher than that of serous carcinomas. There were neither significant differences in the number of microvessels according to histological tumor types (p=0.075) nor significant differences in the number of microvessels according to FIGO stages (p=0.072). But in serous carcinomas, the number of microvessels was higher in the FIGO III-IV stage than in the FIGO I-II stage (p=0.017). This study showed higher neovascularization in malignant tumor than borderline malignancy, and in the advanced stage (FIGO III-IV) than less advanced stage (FIGO I-II) of serous carcinomas.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Endothelial Cells ; Female ; Microvessels ; Mucins ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovary

PURPOSE: To compare the incidence between author's first and current report on urinary tract stone in patient with spinal cord injury and to evaluate the effectiveness of recent developed in medical technology and care on in treating the patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed urinary tract stone in 257 patients with paraplegia or quadriplegia after spinal cord injury. These patients were diagnosed retrospectively by KUB and intravenous urography at the Korea Veterans Hospital during 10years from January, 1984 to December, 1993. We evaluated and compared the overall incidence, incidence of specific location of urinary tract, recurrent rate, incidence according to the level of spinal cord injury, and the duration of development in urinary tract stone. RESULTS: Total patients were 257 with 186(72.4%) paraplegia and 71(27.6%)quadriplegia. Overall incidence of the stone was 16.0% in this study and 38.1% in the first study. Incidence of the stone in individual organ ;5.5% in kidney, 1.2% in ureter, and 13.6% in urinary bladder. The recurrent rate was 29.3% in this study and 40.6% in the first study. Incidence of the stone according to the level of spinal cord injury was as follows;15.6% in cervix, 17.1% in upper thorax, 17.9% in lower thorax and 13.9% in lumbar. The stone developed during the first 4 years and between 12 to 16 years following spinal cord injury was 28.3% each. CONCLUSION: Overall incidence and recurrent rate of urinary tract stone was obviously decreased since the first study. Highest incidence of the stone occurred in urinary bladder and in patient with lower thoracic spinal cord injury, which is similar to first report. Peak incidence of the stone was in the first 4years, and another peak was in 12-16years after spinal cord injury. The decreased overall incidence of urinary tract stone maybe attributable to the development in medical technology and care, and active rehabilitation.
Cervix Uteri ; Female ; Hospitals, Veterans ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Korea ; Paraplegia ; Quadriplegia ; Rehabilitation ; Retrospective Studies* ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Thorax ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urinary Tract* ; Urography

PURPOSE: To compare the incidence between author's first and current report on urinary tract stone in patient with spinal cord injury and to evaluate the effectiveness of recent developed in medical technology and care on in treating the patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed urinary tract stone in 257 patients with paraplegia or quadriplegia after spinal cord injury. These patients were diagnosed retrospectively by KUB and intravenous urography at the Korea Veterans Hospital during 10years from January, 1984 to December, 1993. We evaluated and compared the overall incidence, incidence of specific location of urinary tract, recurrent rate, incidence according to the level of spinal cord injury, and the duration of development in urinary tract stone. RESULTS: Total patients were 257 with 186(72.4%) paraplegia and 71(27.6%)quadriplegia. Overall incidence of the stone was 16.0% in this study and 38.1% in the first study. Incidence of the stone in individual organ ;5.5% in kidney, 1.2% in ureter, and 13.6% in urinary bladder. The recurrent rate was 29.3% in this study and 40.6% in the first study. Incidence of the stone according to the level of spinal cord injury was as follows;15.6% in cervix, 17.1% in upper thorax, 17.9% in lower thorax and 13.9% in lumbar. The stone developed during the first 4 years and between 12 to 16 years following spinal cord injury was 28.3% each. CONCLUSION: Overall incidence and recurrent rate of urinary tract stone was obviously decreased since the first study. Highest incidence of the stone occurred in urinary bladder and in patient with lower thoracic spinal cord injury, which is similar to first report. Peak incidence of the stone was in the first 4years, and another peak was in 12-16years after spinal cord injury. The decreased overall incidence of urinary tract stone maybe attributable to the development in medical technology and care, and active rehabilitation.
Cervix Uteri ; Female ; Hospitals, Veterans ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Korea ; Paraplegia ; Quadriplegia ; Rehabilitation ; Retrospective Studies* ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Thorax ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urinary Tract* ; Urography

No abstract available.
Carbon Dioxide* ; Carbon* ; Respiratory Rate* ; Tidal Volume*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing patient privacy protection behavior among nursing students and examine the relationships between these factors. METHODS: Participants in this study were 144 nursing students who have experienced clinical practice. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with IBM SPSS Win 23.0 program. RESULTS: Professional self-concept and ethical values were factors influencing patient privacy protection behavior among nursing students. These variables explained 21.9% of the variance for patient privacy protection behavior. A higher level of patient privacy protection behavior was associated with higher levels of professional self-concept and ethical values. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate that strategies for enhancing patient privacy protection behaviors of nursing students should include methods for forming images of positive nurses and firming ethical values.
Ethics ; Humans ; Medical Informatics ; Nursing* ; Privacy* ; Professionalism ; Self Concept ; Students, Nursing*

No abstract available.
Blister ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Rhabdomyolysis

No abstract available.
Drug Hypersensitivity ; Isoxazoles

Tumor DNA content measured by flow cytometry may be a predictor in the prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer, but the results have been inconsistent. It is recognized that these conflicting results are at least partly due to the variation of DNA content between the samples from the same patient(i.e., intratumoral DNA heterogeneity). The purposes of this retrospective study were to investigate the frequency and the nature of DNA heterogeneity in epithelial ovarian cancer and to evaluate the prognostic significance of DNA heterogenetiy itself. Thirty-two patients with stage II to IV epithelial ovarian cancer who were managed at Asan Medical Center between May 1993 and April 1996 were analysed. Measurements of the nuclear DNA content were performed on samples from primary and metastatic lesion using paraffin embedded archival tissues by Epics(Coulter Inc.) flow cytometry. In two cases, the metastatic tumor was minute and did not reveal a separable peak on repeated examination. DNA heterogeneity was defined as different ploidy pattern or difference of the DNA indices than 0.15 between primary and metastatic tumors. DNA heterogeneity was found in 11 cases(36.7%), and the number of cases with homogeneous diploid and that with homogeneous aneuploid tumor were 5(16.7%) and 14(46.7%) respectively. In evaluation of prognostic significance of DNA heterogeneity using correlation with serum CA 125 level after second course of chemotherapy and residual tumor size after cytoreductive surgery among these three groups, the patients with DNA heterogeneity were considered to show intermediate prognosis between those with homogeneous diploid and homogeneous aneuploid tumor. In conclusion, DNA heterogeneity in epithelial ovarian cancer is considerable in frequency and may have prognostic value.
Aneuploidy ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Diploidy ; DNA* ; Drug Therapy ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Paraffin ; Ploidies* ; Population Characteristics* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Lymphangioma, Cystic* ; Turner Syndrome* ; Ultrasonography*