A histopathologic study including iramunohistochemical stains was made in 30 patients who were presented with gastrointestinal lymphoma. The occurrence was 13 in the stomach, 8 in the ileocecum, 7 in the small intestine and 2 in the colon. The disease more frequently affected males than females and the average ages were 53 years in the patients of gastric lymphoma and 44 years in the patients of intestinal lymphoma. Gastric lymphomas were usually presented with a single lesion, and the antrum and/or body were the most common sites. But intestinal lymphomas were presented with a single or multiple lesion, and the ileocecum was the most common site. The most common gross type of gastrointestinal lymphomas was the ulceroinfiltrating type and most are of the diffuse large noncleaved cell type of B-cell lymphoma, histologically. There were 2 cases of T-cell lymphoma presented in the intestine as the superficially ulcerative gross pattern and diffuse immunoblastic cell type. The distinct MALToma was seen in only one case of stomach but the feature was partially remained in each two cases of stomach and intestine. Their coexistent findings may suggest that diffuse large of immunoblastic component arises through blastic transformation of the low-grade M ALToma component.
Female ; Male ; Humans

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the effects of simulation-based education on communication skill and clinical competence in maternity nursing practicum. METHODS: This study used a non-equivalent control pretest-posttest design. The simulation-based education in maternity nursing practicum consisted of two clinical situation scenarios pertaining to patients with normal and high-risk deliveries. The control group consisted of 35 students in 2010 and the experimental group consisted of 35 students in 2009. The experimental group was given the simulation-based education using a high-fidelity patient simulator over 3 sessions, whereas the control group was given a conventional pre-clinical practice orientation before maternity nursing clinical practicum. Data were collected using a questionnaire, which included questions to assess communication skill and clinical competence. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: Members of the experimental group, who received the simulation-based education, showed significantly higher communication skill and clinical competence scores than the control group (t=-2.39, p = .020; t=-2.71, p = .009). CONCLUSION: The simulation-based education in maternity nursing practicum is effective in promoting communication skill and clinical competence. With application of diverse clinical situation scenarios, it is recommended to develop and apply simulation-based education using a high-fidelity simulator in the area of maternity nursing.
Clinical Competence ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Maternal-Child Nursing ; Orientation ; Patient Simulation ; Pregnancy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in psychosocial adjustment between younger (age< or =50) and older (age>50) breast cancer survivors, and to explore the role of sociodemographic and disease-related variables in predicting psychosocial adjustment between younger and older breast cancer survivors. METHODS: A total of 262 women participated in this study. A self-reported questionnaire, the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale-Self Report Korean version (PAIS-SR Korean version), was used. Data were analyzed with SAS/WIN 9.1 for descriptive statistics using the t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The psychosocial adjustment score of younger breast cancer survivors was significantly higher than that of older breast cancer survivors. Significant predictors influencing psychosocial adjustment in younger breast cancer survivors were marital state, menopausal cause, immune therapy, and self-help group, and these predictors account for 48% of the variance in psychosocial adjustment. Significant predictors influencing psychosocial adjustment in older breast cancer survivors were stage of cancer, monthly income, marital state, and menopausal cause. These predictors accounted for 35% of the variance in psychosocial adjustment. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate the importance of counseling and educational programs to improve the psychosocial adjustment according to breast cancer survivors' age.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Counseling ; Female ; Humans ; Self-Help Groups ; Survivors*

PURPOSE: This study identified the level of marital intimacy, menopausal symptom and sexual function, and examined factors affecting sexual function in postmenopausal married women. METHODS: With cross-sectional survey, a sample of 245 subjects aged 45 to 60 years was recruited from January to March, 2014. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires which included marital intimacy questionnaire (MIQ), menopause rating scale (MRS), and female sexual function index (FSFI). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Marital intimacy, menopausal symptom and sexual function scores of subjects were 3.46±1.14, 13.71±6.61, and 12.55±8.33, respectively. Marital intimacy and menopausal symptom were related to sexual function. Variables including marital intimacy, psychosocial and urogenital menopausal symptom, period since menopause and body mass index therapy explained 51.5% in sexual function of participants. CONCLUSION: When nurses plan sexual counseling and education for sexual function of postmenopausal married women, it is necessary to consider marital intimacy, menopausal symptoms, and menopause-related factors.
Body Mass Index ; Counseling ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Marriage ; Menopause ; Postmenopause

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of depression and social support on quality of life in family caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at an outpatient department. Methods: This study had a crosssectional, correlational design using a structured questionnaire. Data were collected from October to December 2019 at a hematology-oncology outpatient department. In total, 148 family caregivers participated in this study. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression with SPSS for Windows version 27.0. Results: The quality of life showed statistically significant differences according to the educational level (t=-3.02, p=.003), family monthly income (t=-4.22, p<.001), job status (t=4.31, p<.001), chronic illness (t=-2.67, p=.009) and patient’s gender (t=-2.70, p=.008). The quality of life was significantly correlated with between depression (r=-.53, p<.001) and social support (r=.50, p<.001). Depression (β=-.35, p<.001), social support (β=.35, p<.001), and job status (β=.15, p=.024) were identified as significant predictors. This model explained approximately 47% of variance in quality of life (F=19.74, p<.001). Conclusion It is necessary to pay attention to the quality of life in family caregivers of patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Nursing interventions to improve their quality of life might also be developed to considering depression and social support.

A 9-year-old Korean boy with lissencephaly was found dead at home. He had previously been diagnosed with lissencephaly that presented with infantile spasm on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalogram results. Antemortem chromosomal banding revealed a normal karyotype. A legal autopsy was requested to eliminate the possibility of neglect or abuse by his parents. The autopsy findings revealed type I lissencephaly with the associated microcephaly. No external wounds or decubitus ulcers were noted. Postmortem fluorescence in situ hybridization for the LIS1 locus and nucleotide sequence analysis of the whole coding regions of the LIS1 gene did not reveal any deletions. The antemortem and postmortem findings revealed that lissencephaly syndrome was associated with isolated lissencephaly sequence. External causes of death were excluded by the full autopsy and toxicology test results. Because patients with mental retardation are frequently victimized and suffer neglect or abuse, thorough external and internal examinations should be conducted at the time of autopsy.
Autopsy ; Base Sequence ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Child Abuse ; Classical Lissencephalies and Subcortical Band Heterotopias ; Clinical Coding ; Electroencephalography ; Fluorescence ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Karyotype ; Lissencephaly ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Microcephaly ; Parents ; Pressure Ulcer ; Spasms, Infantile ; Toxicology

Long QT syndrome(LQTS) is characterized by prolongation of the QT interval, frequent episodes of syncope, and ventricular tachycardia leading to sudden cardiac death in adolescents and young adults. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment to reduce the risk of life-threatening cardiac events is crucial, however sudden onset convulsive syncope may be misdiagnosed as epilepsy and lead to antiepileptic drug therapy for many years. We experienced a case of six-year-old boy who were having seizure triggered by exercise and being treated with antiepileptic drugs. He had normal EEG and brain MRI but his ECG revealed prolonged QT interval(QTc=477 ms) and treadmill test induced polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. After applying beta-blocker, he had no more seizure attacks. We report a case of long QT syndrome misdiagnosed as epilepsy with a brief review of related literatures.
Adolescent ; Anticonvulsants ; Brain ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Early Diagnosis ; Electrocardiography ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Long QT Syndrome ; Seizures ; Syncope ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The incidence of inflammatory heart diseases is not yet as high as those of other cardiovascular diseases; however, inflammatory heart diseases do have relatively high mortality rate. Therefore, update information on the economic burden of inflammatory heart diseases are necessary in order to appropriate policy making on these diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study used a number of resources to obtain data, national health insurance statistics, the Korean Health Panel, and the causes of death report by the Korean National Statistical Office. The total costs of inflammatory heart diseases were estimated as the sum of direct medical care costs, direct non-medical care and indirect costs. RESULTS: The total direct cost of inflammatory heart disease was higher in Korean men than that of Korean women and cost due to inpatient was higher than that of outpatients cost. The costs to cover premature death were highest among all of the components used to determine the total costs for inflammatory heart disease, representing 66.3% of these costs in Korea. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory heart disease has a relatively high mortality rate, and the costs that are associated with premature deaths consume the greatest proportion of the costs associated with this disease. In spite of some limitations of study, this could be a reliable evidence of economic burden of inflammatory heart disease.
Cause of Death ; Cost of Illness ; Endocarditis ; Female ; Health Care Costs ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Male ; Mortality, Premature ; National Health Programs ; Outpatients ; Policy Making

This study examined foodservice management performance in child-care centers and suggests ways in which meal service quality can be improved. Questionnaires were distributed to 51 child-care facilities. The majority of respondents were facility directors (dietitians) and their facility type was tax-paid (92.2%). The dietitian response rate was 51.0%, and the majority (96.2%) were hired with co-management status, visiting a facility once a week (76.0%). Only 52.1% of the facilities had menu planning by a dietitian, and improvements were needed in terms of planning menus with standardized recipes, especially for infant meals. The monthly food cost per child was 47,394 won, and the labor cost for a co-management dietitian was 3,670 won per child, indicating 21.8% and 1.8% of the tuition fee, respectively. Other necessary improvements included: more reliable food purchasing management, securing additional foodservice equipment, and better sanitation management. In addition, respondents rated the following as requirements to ensure high quality meal service: 'modernized foodservice equipment and facilities', 'government financial support', and 'information on nutrition and foodservice management provided by dietitians'. Based on the study results, the following are recommendations for improving meal service quality in child-care centers: Dietitian placement should be extended to facilities of over 50-capacity in addition to their current placement in facilities of over 100-capacity, and co-management dietitians should have their control span restricted to two facilities instead of five. Finally, nationwide nutrition support plans and nutrition education programs should be developed and implemented by dietitians, and their roles should be extended to foodservice mangers as well as nutrition teachers.
Child ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Dietary Sucrose ; Fees and Charges ; Humans ; Infant ; Meals ; Menu Planning ; Sanitation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects simulation-based education combined team-based learning (SBE combined TBL) compared to simulation-based education (SBE) on undergraduate nursing students. METHODS: A non-equivalent control group design with pre-and posttest measures was used. The participants in the study were 181 students. The SBE combined TBL group consisted of 84 senior students in 2013, and the SBE group consisted of 97 seniors in 2014. Collected data were analyzed using chi-square, independent t-test and ANCOVA with the statistical package SPSS 22.0 for Windows. RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in communication skills, nursing performance confidence, team efficacy, and team performance scores in the SBE combined TBL group compared to the SBE group (t=2.45, p=.015; F=4.30, p=.040; t=3.06, p=.003; t=8.77, p<.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in self-directed learning between the groups. CONCLUSION: SBE combined TBL compared to SBE is an effective teaching and learning method to enhance various positive educational outcomes for nursing students. Therefore, we suggest that future studies investigate the development of an integrated course in which team-based learning is applied to theoretical sessions and simulation-based training.
Education* ; Humans ; Learning* ; Methods ; Nursing* ; Patient Simulation ; Students, Nursing*