No abstract available.
Antioxidants* ; Oxidative Stress*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify relationships among self-esteem, social support, nursing organizational culture, experience of workplace bullying, and the consequences of workplace bullying in hospital nurses, and then to provide basic information for developing workplace bullying prevention programs. METHODS: Participants were 122 hospital nurses from three general hospitals. Data collection was done during April and May 2015. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires which were used to identify participants' characteristics, self-esteem, social support, nursing organizational culture, and workplace bullying. RESULTS: Approximately one quarter of the nurses had experienced workplace bullying in the past six months. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that experience of workplace bullying (β=.45) and self-esteem (β=-.31) explained 53.3% of the variance in consequences of workplace bullying. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings that experiencing workplace bullying and having a low self-esteem were likely to increase workplace bullying in hospital nurses, there is a need to develop prevention and intervention programs on avoiding or dealing with workplace bullying.
Bullying* ; Data Collection ; Hospitals, General ; Nursing* ; Organizational Culture*

There had been a continuous evolution of lymphoma classification and recently a Revised European-American Lymphoma Classification was proposed by the International Lymphoma Study Group. This new classification often requires information on immunophenotypic and molecular biologic markers in addition to the usual histologic findings. Recent advances in the production of commercially available monoclonal antibodies reactive on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues provide us a great help to classify the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We have analyzed 31 low grade B-cell lymphomas by the schemes proposed by the International Lymphoma Study Group using antibodies to CD3, CD5, CD20, CD23, CD43, cyclin D1, and bcl-2 protein, and have analyzed the immunophenotypic features. Among 31 low grade B-cell lymphomas, 8 small lymphocytic lymphomas, 5 mantle cell lymphomas, 7 follicle center lymphomas (2 grade I, 3 grade II, and 2 grade III), and 11 marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (all of which were extranodal) were identified. Among 8 small lymphocytic lymphomas, 5 cases were positive for CD5; 6 cases were positive for CD23; 7 cases were positive for CD43; all 8 cases were negative for cyclin D1; and 7 cases were positive for bcl-2. Among 5 mantle cell lymphomas, 4 cases were positive for CD5 and CD43; all five cases were negative for CD23; 4 cases were positive for cyclin D1 and bcl-2. All 7 follicle center lymphomas were negative for CD5, CD43 and cyclin D1 and 2 cases were positive for CD23; and 6 cases were positive for bcl-2. All marginal zone B-cell lymphomas were negative for CD5, CD23 and cyclin D1; 3 cases were positive for CD43 and 9 cases were positive for bcl-2. Diagnostic utility for CD5 antigen detection on paraffin embedded tissue has a limitation due to weak antigen expression in tumor cells of B-cell lymphomas; however, still be useful in differentiating small lymphocytic lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma from other B-cell lymphomas when applied in conjunction with CD43. CD23, CD43, and cyclin D1 appear to be of great help in differentiating subgroups of low grade B-cell lymphomas. Bcl-2, as known, is found to be useful to rule out reactive follicular hyperplasia.
Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, CD5 ; B-Lymphocytes* ; Biomarkers ; Classification ; Cyclin D1 ; Hyperplasia ; Immunohistochemistry* ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Paraffin*

OBJECTIVES: Cognitive impairment in restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients can be affected by sleep deprivation, anxiety and depression, which are common in RLS. The objective of this study is to investigate relationship between cognitive impairment and RLS in the non-medicated Korean elderly with controlling for psychiatric conditions. METHOD: The study sample for this study comprised 25 non-medicated Korean elderly RLS patients and 50 age-, sex-, and education-matched controls. All subjects were evaluated with comprehensive cognitive function assessment tools-including the Korean version of Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet (CERAD-K), severe cognitive impairment rating scale (SCIRS), frontal assessment battery (FAB), and clock drawing test (CLOX). Sleep quality and depression were also assessed with Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and geriatric depression scale (GDS). RESULTS: PSQI and GDS score showed no difference between RLS and control group. There was no significant difference between two groups in nearly all the cognitive function except in constructional recognition test, in which subjects with RLS showed lower performance than control group (t=-2.384, p=0.02). Subjects with depression (GDS> or =10) showed significant cognitive impairment compared to control in verbal fluency, Korean version of Mini Mental Status Examination in the CERAD-K (MMSE-KC), word list memory, trail making test, and frontal assessment battery (FAB). In contrast, no difference was observed between subjects who have low sleep quality (PSQI>5) and control group. CONCLUSIONS: At the exclusion of the impact of insomnia and depression, cognitive function was found to be relatively preserved in RLS patients compared to control. Impairment of visual recognition in RLS patients can be explained in terms of dopaminergic dysfunction in RLS.
Aged ; Alzheimer Disease ; Anxiety ; Depression ; Humans ; Memory ; Restless Legs Syndrome ; Sleep Deprivation ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Trail Making Test

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cell Adhesion* ; Female ; Leiomyoma* ; Mice ; Myometrium* ; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules*

OBJECTIVES: The critical pathways provide high quality of medical services in a cost-effective manner. To investigate the decrease in length of hospital stay and increase of cost effectiveness by using critical pathways, we compared hospital stay, cost of treatment, and the patient's satisfaction before and after critical pathway use. METHODS: We made a critical pathway team, which consisted of obstetric staff members, a resident, two nurses, a pharmacist, two clerical staff members. We made critical pathways for the medical team and patients. A prospective evaluation of a critical pathway for cesarean section was used as a comparison for control patients. RESULTS: The data for 305 patients with a critical pathway were compared to those of 136 control patients. The mean hospital stay is shorter in critical pathway patients than control patients. The cost of treatment decreased and differences between DRG (Diagnosed Related Groups) and cost of treatment increased in critical pathway patients. CONCLUSIONS: Using critical pathways in cesarean section decreased the duration of hospital stay and increased cost effectivesess. The critical pathways were useful as a means to minimize cost while increasing patient satisfaction.
Cesarean Section* ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Critical Pathways* ; Diagnosis-Related Groups ; Female ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Patient Satisfaction ; Pharmacists ; Pregnancy ; Prospective Studies

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the predictors of employment intention for mentally disabled persons. METHODS: Mentally disabled persons who had participated in rehabilitation programs in one of 16 mental health centers and 9 community rehabilitation centers located in Seoul and Kyunggi province were recruited for this study. A random sampling method was used and 414 respondents were used for final analysis. Data was analyzed by Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS Win 14.0. RESULTS: The predictors influencing employment intention of the mentally disabled person were observed as employment desire (beta=.48), guardian's expectation (beta=.26), professional's support (beta=.23), financial management (beta=.10), eating habits (beta=.07), and quality of life (beta=-.01). Six factors explained 61.1% of employment intention of mentally disabled persons. CONCLUSION: The employment intention of a mentally disabled person was influenced by employment desire, diet self-efficacy, guardian's expectation, professional's support, quality of life, financial management and eating habits.
Adult ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; *Employment ; Female ; Humans ; Intention ; Male ; Mentally Disabled Persons/*psychology/rehabilitation ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Quality of Life ; Questionnaires ; Self Concept ; Social Support

Caudal regression syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly, which results from a developmental failure of thecaudal mesoderm during the fetal period. We present a case of caudal regression syndrome composed of a spectrum ofanomalies including sirenomelia, dysplasia of the lower lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx and pelvic bones,genitourinary and anorectal anomalies, and dysplasia of the lung, as seen during infantography and MR imaging.
Coccyx ; Ectromelia ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Lung ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mesoderm ; Sacrum

To determine allele frequency of GABARB1 Jcus in Korean, first, we sequenced each allele, which was amplified with primers that published before. We found mismatching between allele number and size of each allele when 'GATA' repeats are counted. The sequence revealed new 'GATA' repeat. So we had made new allele designation with total number of in 176 Korean people. The heterozygosity this locus was 0.716 and mean exclusion chance (MEC) and power of discrimination (PD) were 0.433 and 0.845, respectively. In this study, we emphasized necessity of sequencing of 2-3 alleles, which have same size before setting up allelic ladder.
Alleles* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Gene Frequency*

In the present study, we made an attempt to compare polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) with PCR-direct sequence analysis for their accuracy and sensitivity in detecting resistance to rifampicin (RMP). A total of 32 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis including 22 resistant and 10 sensitive isolates, whose drug susceptibility have been tested by conventional proportion method, were analyzed by using PCR-SSCP and PCR-sequence analysis. Among 22 RMP resistant isolates, 16 isolates showed SSCP profiles different from that of a RMP sensitive control strain, M. tuberculosis H37Rv indicating the possible existence of a sequence alteration in this region of the rpoB gene, while 6 resistant isolates displayed SSCP profiles indistinguishable from the sensitive control strain. On the other hand, all of 10 RMP sensitive isolates showed SSCP profiles similar to that of the sensitive control strain. Therefore, overall agreement rste between conventional proportion method and PCR-SSCP reached 81%. Subsequently, all of 32 clinical isolates were subjected to sequence analysis. The results from the sequence analysis revealed that all of 22 resistant isolates indeed contain mutations in the stretch of 81 bp region of rpoB gene, while none of 10 sensitive isolates contain any sequence alterations. Therefore, this study suggests that PCR-sequence analysis works more efficiently and accurately than PCR-SSCP analysis for rapid screening of RMP-resistant M. tuberculosis clinical isolates.
Hand ; Mass Screening ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Rifampin* ; Sequence Analysis* ; Tuberculosis