PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the concept seogueulpeum, in order to give a operational definition of middle-aged women's seogueulpeum. METHODS: Walker and Avant's methods for concept analysis was used. RESULTS: The defining attributes of seogueulpeum identified in this study were 1) time, 2) negativity, 3) vagueness, 4) passivity, 5) individuality. The antecedents of seogueulpeum were 1) a problematic condition, 2) past event, experiences for the problematic condition, and 3) interaction between the problematic condition and past event, experiences. The consequences of seogueulpeum included 1) to get worse for the problematic condition, 2) passive or active management for the problematic condition. CONCLUSION: Although further studies are required to refine the diverse attributes of the concept of seogueulpeum, according to this concept analysis of seogueulpeum, this study contribute to explain psychological health of middle-aged women. In addition to develop the adequate interventions decreasing seogueulpeum with aging in women is needed.
Aging ; Female ; Humans ; Individuality

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify effects of fatigue and postpartum depression on quality of life in early postpartum mothers. METHODS: The data were collected from 130 mothers at four general hospitals in J and M metropolitan cities. Instruments used to collect the data for the study were the Fatigue Scale developed by Pugh (1993); Postpartum Depression Scale developed by Cox, Holden & Sagovsky (1987), and the Quality of Life Scale developed by Hill, Aldag, Hekel, Riner, G., & Bloomfield (2006). RESULTS: Results showed that the mean for fatigue was 56.74, the mean for postpartum depression was 8.00+/-4.37 and mean for quality of life was 19.78. The quality of life variable showed statistically significant differences for the variable: age (F=3.20, p=.026). The relationship between fatigue and quality of life showed a significant negative correlation (r=-.44, p<.001). The relationship between postpartum depression and quality of life also showed a negative correlation (r=-.42, p<.001). The relationship between postpartum depression and fatigue showed a positive correlation (r=.59, p<.001). These factors explained 23% of the variance in quality of life. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that it is necessary to develop nursing intervention programs to improve quality of life in for early postpartum mothers.
Depression, Postpartum ; Fatigue ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parity ; Postpartum Period ; Quality of Life

Malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary can develop with an incidence of 1-2%. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor arising in benign cystic teratoma. The authors have recently experienced a case of combined microcystic adnexal carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma arising in a benign cystic teratoma of the ovary in a 72-year-old Korean woman. The right ovarian cystic mass had been ruptured and firmly adhered with salpinx and omental fat tissue on operation. Thickened cystic wall with yellowish white solid infiltrative lesion was noted grossly, and two different malignant tumors of microcystic adnexal carcinoma exhibiting both eccrine and hair follicular differentiation and squamous cell carcinoma were observed microscopically. PAS and CEA positivities suggested eccrine differentiation in areas of microcystic adnexal carcinoma.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Skin Appendage/*pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*pathology ; Case Report ; Female ; Human ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/*pathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/*pathology ; Skin Diseases/*pathology ; Skin Neoplasms/*pathology ; Teratoma/*pathology

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the predictors of employment intention for mentally disabled persons. METHODS: Mentally disabled persons who had participated in rehabilitation programs in one of 16 mental health centers and 9 community rehabilitation centers located in Seoul and Kyunggi province were recruited for this study. A random sampling method was used and 414 respondents were used for final analysis. Data was analyzed by Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS Win 14.0. RESULTS: The predictors influencing employment intention of the mentally disabled person were observed as employment desire (beta=.48), guardian's expectation (beta=.26), professional's support (beta=.23), financial management (beta=.10), eating habits (beta=.07), and quality of life (beta=-.01). Six factors explained 61.1% of employment intention of mentally disabled persons. CONCLUSION: The employment intention of a mentally disabled person was influenced by employment desire, diet self-efficacy, guardian's expectation, professional's support, quality of life, financial management and eating habits.
Adult ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; *Employment ; Female ; Humans ; Intention ; Male ; Mentally Disabled Persons/*psychology/rehabilitation ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Quality of Life ; Questionnaires ; Self Concept ; Social Support

OBJECTIVE: To assess the pre-pregnancy and pregnancy factors influencing pregnancy outcome in renal transplanted women Materials and METHODS: This retrospective study included all pregnancies in renal transplanted women in Asan Medical Center between June 1996 and February 1998. We collected data from the medical records of allograft recipients. Pre-pregnant status and pregnancy outcome were described. RESULTS: Seventeen pregnancies in 13 allograft recipients resulted in 7 term deliveries, 4 preterm births, 2 spontaneous abortions, and 4 therapeutic abortions. All but one patient received immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporin A, azathioprine, and prednisolone during pregnancy. The mean interval from the time of transplantation to conception was 28.8+/-14.3 months(range 6-60 months). In live birth group, the mean gestational age at delivery was 37.7+/-1.2 weeks and the mean birth weight of their offspring was 2.85+/-0.37 kilogram. Apgar scores at 5 minutes were 8 or more in all of them. The obstetric complications were distributed as follows: pregnancy induced hypertension in 6 cases(55%), pregnancy aggravated hypertension in 2 cases(18%), fetal growth restriction in 1 case(9%), prematurity in 4 cases(36%). Cesarean sections were done in 4 cases(36%) because of previous Cesarean section(3 cases) and uncontrolled hypertension(1 case). Neonatal complication, transient tachypnea of the newborn, was found in one case. Graft rejection after transplantation occurred in 4 cases: 3 cases in preterm births and 1 case in therapeutic abortions. Maternal renal functions were normal during pregnancy and postpartum period whose pre-pregnant renal functions had been normal. No patient experienced any rejection episode or graft loss during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Successful pregnancy can be expected in women with a renal transplant, although there was high incidence of pregnancy-related complications, especially hypertensive disorders. Pregnancy can be encouraged to these allograft recipients if they have good renal function.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Abortion, Therapeutic ; Allografts* ; Azathioprine ; Birth Weight ; Cesarean Section ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Cyclosporine ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fetal Development ; Gestational Age ; Graft Rejection ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced ; Incidence ; Kidney Transplantation ; Live Birth ; Medical Records ; Postpartum Period ; Prednisolone ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome* ; Pregnancy* ; Premature Birth ; Retrospective Studies ; Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn ; Transplants

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of red pericarp glutinous rice rich in polyphenols (Jakwangchalbyeo, red rice) on serum and hepatic levels of cholesterol and hepatic protein expression linked to synthesis and degradation of cholesterol in a hypercholesterolemic mice diet as compared with brown rice. MATERIALS/METHODS: C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5 each), which were fed different diets for a period of 12 weeks: American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G diet, AIN-93G diet with 2% cholesterol, brown rice with 2% cholesterol, or red rice with 2% cholesterol. RESULT: Consumption of red rice resulted in a significant decrease in serum level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hepatic levels of triglyceride and total-cholesterol. Expression of acyl-coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase-2 (ACAT-2), sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), and 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase was decreased, while expression of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (p-AMPK)/AMPK ratio, cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7a1), and sterol 12-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP8b1) was increased in mice fed red rice. Brown rice had similar effects on cholesterol metabolism, but the effect of red rice was significantly greater than that of brown rice. CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggested that red rice had a hypocholesterolemic effect by lowering hepatic cholesterol synthesis through ACAT-2, HMG-CoA reductase, and SREBP-2, and by enhancing hepatic cholesterol degradation through CYP7a1 and CYP8b1 in mice fed a hypercholesterolemic diet.
Adenosine Monophosphate ; Animals ; Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase ; Cholesterol* ; Coenzyme A ; Diet* ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; Liver ; Male ; Metabolism* ; Mice* ; Oxidoreductases ; Phenol* ; Polyphenols ; Protein Kinases ; Steroid 12-alpha-Hydroxylase ; Triglycerides

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of laparoscopic surgery on the natural conception rate in infertile women with endometriosis during the first year after the operation. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 43 infertile women with surgically proven endometriosis. The natural conception rate was investigated for the 12 months after the laparoscopy. RESULTS: The overall pregnancy rate was 41.9% (18/43). 66.7% (12/18) and 94.4% (17/18) of the patients conceived within postoperative 3 months and 6 months, respectively. The spontaneous pregnancy rate was not associated with the severity of endometriosis or laparoscopic findings or the type of surgery. The pregnancy rate for stage IV was relatively low (20.0%) compared to stage I, II, and III (35.7%, 44.4%, and 53.3%, respectively), although it did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Conservative surgical treatment with laparoscopy and a prompt attempt at natural conception may be effective for infertile patients with endometriosis.
Endometriosis ; Female ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Infertility ; Laparoscopy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify fat distribution and blood pressure according to anthropometric change patterns between NIDDM patients and control subjects. METHODS: Cross-sectionally 167 NIDDM patients and 87 controls were studied. Previous maximal body weight and acute weight loss was obtained. Current height, body weight, BMI, waist-hip ratio(WHR), skinfold thicknesses(abdomen, subscapular and triceps), and blood pressure was measured. Three anthropometric change patterns were categorized by BMI changes from the maximum lifetim's BMI to the current time (obese-obese, obese-nonobese and nonobese-nonobese: obese: BMI > or =25 kg/m2, nonobese: BMI<25 kg/m2). The data was analyzed by chi-square, t-test, age adjusted ANCOVA and Least Squares Means(LSM) for multiple comparison. RESULT: Acute body weight loss(p=0.01), anthropometric change types (p=0.001), WHR (P=0.05), and skinfold thickness (p=0.002) of NIDDM were significantly higher than those of the controls. The mean arterial pressure, WHR and skinfold thicknesses were greater in both obese-obese and obese-nonobese NIDDM and control subjects compared with both nonobese-nonobese NIDDM and control subjects. (all p's<0.05). CONCLUSION: NIDDM patients had more central and upper body adiposicity. Also both obese-obese and obese-nonobese NIDDM and control subjects had higher mean arterial pressures and central body obesity.
Adult ; Anthropometry ; *Blood Pressure ; *Body Fat Distribution ; Body Mass Index ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*diagnosis/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Obesity ; Waist-Hip Ratio

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets depending on the variety of adhesives and whether saliva exists, by using self-etching primer (SEP). Groups were divided according to the type of adhesive into resin adhesive (Transbond XT) and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji Ortho LC). One group of resin adhesive used XT primer after etching with 37% phosphoric acid, and the other group used self-etching primer. One group of resin-modified glass ionomer cement only used etching for bonding, and the other group used SEP. Each of the groups were also classified by whether saliva was contaminated or not, and then the shear bond strength was measured. The results showed that when using resin adhesive, the shear bond strength of SEP was lower than the XT primer. In the resin-modified glass ionomer cement groups, the shear bond strength which depends on the priming method, did not have a meaningful difference statistically. When saliva was contaminated, the group which used SEP, regardless of the adhesive variety, had a greater shear bond strength than the normal priming group. From these results, SEP showed a shear bond strength that is possible to be used clinically, regardless of the adhesive variety. It can especially be clinically useful to use SEP to bond brackets even on tooth surfaces contaminated with saliva, because it offers the appropriate bonding strength as well as shorter treatment time and easy application.
Adhesives* ; Glass Ionomer Cements ; Orthodontic Brackets* ; Saliva* ; Tooth