OBJECTIVE: To assess the difference of baseline hormonal status and pathophysiology, and confirm the risk factors for long term complication according to Body Mass Index in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum level of LH, FSH, Estradiol, Prolactin, Testosterone, DHEA-S, fasting insulin were measured and 100 gm oral glucose tolerance test and endometrial biopsy were performed in total 75 chronic anovulation patients and 20 normal cycling infertility patients. 95 evaluated patients were divided into 3 groups including patients with chronic anovulation having BMI below 25, BMI beyond 25.1, normal cycling infertility patients, Group 1 (n=39), Group 2 (n=36), Group 3 (n=20), respectively. Statistical analysis was performed respect to relationship between BMI and measured hormone level, sum of glucose level during 100 gm OGTT, insulin resistance using t-test, ANOVA test, Post Hoc test, Mann-Whitney test. p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: Serum LH level and LH/FSH ratio was significantly higher in Group 1, compared than Group 2 or 3 (p<0.05), BMI and LH, LH/FSH ratio was negatively correlated (r=-0.351, r=-0.318). There was no significant difference according to BMI in FSH, testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, DHEA-S level. Fasting insulin and sum of glucose level during 100 gm OGTT were significantly higher in Group 2 compared than Group 1 or Group 3 (p<0.05), there was no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 3. Insulin resistance was more frequently identified in Group 2 compared than Group 1 (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: BMI and LH, LH/FSH ratio were negatively correlated, so clinical significance of LH, LH/FSH ratio in diagnosis of PCOS may be attenuated by increasing body weight. Overweight patients with chronic anovulation may be the risk group for developing insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, later type 2 DM. Hyperinsulinemia may operate mainly in overweight chronic anovulation patients in development of hyperandrogenism.
Anovulation* ; Biopsy ; Body Mass Index* ; Body Weight ; Diagnosis ; Estradiol ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose Intolerance ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Hyperandrogenism ; Hyperinsulinism ; Infertility ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Metabolism* ; Overweight ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; Prolactin ; Risk Factors ; Testosterone

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for field modification during radiotherapy in esophageal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study on 33 patients that underwent chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Pathologic findings were squamous cell carcinoma in 32 patients and adenocarcinoma in 1 patient. All patients underwent PET/CT scans before and during CRT (after receiving 40 Gy and before a 20 Gy boost dose). Response evaluation was determined by PET/CT using metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total glycolytic activity (TGA), MTV ratio (rMTV) and TGA ratio (rTGA), or determined by CT. rMTV and rTGA were reduction ratio of MTV and TGA between before and during CRT, respectively. RESULTS: Significant decreases in MTV (MTV2.5: mean 70.09%, p < 0.001) and TGA (TGA2.5: mean 79.08%, p<0.001) were found between before and during CRT. Median rMTV2.5 was 0.299 (range, 0 to 0.98) and median rTGA2.5 was 0.209 (range, 0 to 0.92). During CRT, PET/CT detected newly developed distant metastasis in 1 patient, and this resulted in a treatment strategy change. At a median 4 months (range, 0 to 12 months) after completion of CRT, 8 patients (24.2%) achieved clinically complete response, 11 (33.3%) partial response, 5 (15.2%) stable disease, and 9 (27.3%) disease progression. SUVmax (p = 0.029), rMTV50% (p = 0.016), rMTV75% (p = 0.023) on intra-treatment PET were found to correlate with complete clinical response. CONCLUSION: PET/CT during CRT can provide additional information useful for radiotherapy planning and offer the potential for tumor response evaluation during CRT. rMTV50% during CRT was found to be a useful predictor of clinical response.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Chemoradiotherapy* ; Disease Progression ; Electrons ; Esophageal Neoplasms* ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Positron-Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography* ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Burden

Androgen insensitivity syndrome is a genetic syndrome characterized by complete or partial resistance of end organ to the peripheral effect of androgen. Patient have a male karyotype(46,XY) and bilateral testes. Appearance of external genitalia depend on the degree of androgen insensitivity. In the complete form, external genitalia is normal female but in the incomplete form, external genitalia figure varies hom that of a virilized female to that of an undervirilized male with a short penis and hypospadia. The gonads are able to be located along the descending course of the testis during development. The usual presenting symptom in complete type is primary amenorrhea or inguinal mass, but in incomplete type, the patient mainly present with ambiguous genitalia. Recently we experienced one case of this syndmme and removed the bilateral gonads, so we report it with brief review of literatures.
Amenorrhea ; Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome* ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Female ; Genitalia ; Gonads* ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; Male ; Penis ; Testis

No abstract available.
Child* ; Drug Therapy* ; Graves Disease* ; Humans ; Receptors, Thyrotropin* ; Thyroid Function Tests* ; Thyroid Gland*

No abstract available.
Erythrocytes*

No abstract available.
Erythrocytes*

No abstract available.
Erythrocytes*

Rupture of anterior communicating artery aneurysm is one of the most important casuses of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm shows characteristic CT findings, such as forntal hematoma or septum pellucidum hematoma. In some patients with the ruptured aneurysm, direct carotid angiography may be needed. particularly when transfemoral approach is not possible. However, not much have been known about the puncture site selection between the two carotid arteries in relation to the location of hematoma in CT scans. To determine the ideal puncture site of the direct carotid angiography, seventy-five cases of anterior communicating artery aneurysm confirmed by operation from May 1988 to April 1992, were analyzed in terms of relationship between location of hematoma on CT, direction of aneurysm and A1 artery on angiograms. Frontal lobar hematoma was more prevalent than septal hematoma, and was more common on the right side. In cases of lobar hematoma, aneurysm was directed to the ipsilateral side of the hematoma (67%) and was most commonly fed by contralateral A1 artery(75%). Septal bematoma consisted 36% of the cases and among there, midline directed aneurysm was most common, frequently fed by left A1 artery. In conclusion, when performing direct carotid angiography in patients with anterior communicating artery aneurysm, if forntal hematoma is observed on CT, it may be beneficial to puncture contralateral carotid artery. Meanwhile, if hemorrhage of septum pellucidum is observed, it may be better to puncture left carotid artery.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured* ; Angiography ; Arteries* ; Carotid Arteries ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Punctures ; Rupture ; Septum Pellucidum ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Blood Platelets* ; Leukocytes* ; Plateletpheresis*