In order to evaluate the safe ligation time and sites of dural venous sinuses during neurosurgical operation, systemic arterial pressure(SAP), cerebral perfusion perssure(CPP), intracranial pressure (ICP) and intrasinal pressure(ISP) were measured in cats through neuromonitor before and after obstruction of anterior 1/3, middle 1/3, posterior 1/3 of the superior sagittal sinus and the results were as follows. There were no significant increases of pressures after obstruction of anterior 1/3 of the superior sagittal sinus. In the obstructed middle 1/3 of the superior sagittal sinus group, signifi6int increases were seen un the m-SAP within 2, 4 and 6 minutes, the m-ICP within 2-7 minutes, the r.i-ISP within 14 minutes after obstruction. In the -obstructed posterior 1/3 of the superior sagittal sinus group, there were significant increases of m-SAP within 2, 4 and 6 minutes, the m-ICP within 27 minutes, the m-ISP within 13 minutes. In the obstructed Torcular Herophili,group, there were significant increases of the m-SAP within 1-2 and 4-7 minutes, the m-ICP within 36 minutes and the m-ISP within 1-7 minuted and less significant dercreases of the m-CPP within 5-7 minutes after obstruction. In the obstructed right transverse sinus group, significant increases of the m-ICP and the m-ISP were seen within 1-7 minutes after obstruction. there were no remarkable changes in the obstructed left transverse sinus group.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure* ; Cats* ; Intracranial Pressure* ; Ligation ; Perfusion* ; Superior Sagittal Sinus ; United Nations

BACKGROUND: The high concentration of plasma total homocysteine is recently considered an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to provide reference ranges for plasma homocysteine levels and to investigate the relationship between plasma homocysteine and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy Korean men. METHODS: Anthropometric parameters, alcohol intake, cigarette use and nutrient intake were determined in 166 healthy men within a wide age range(30-69 yr). Serum levels of lipids, glucose and insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT), plasma amino acid concentrations and levels of antioxidant nutrients and enzymes were also measured. Hyperhomocysteinemia was defined as plasma homocysteine levels above the 90th percentile(> or =15micromol/L) of respective plasma homocysteine distribution in study subjects. Characteristics of hyperhomocysteinemic men(n=16) were compared to normohomocys- teinemic men(n=16) matched for age and body mass index. RESULTS: Plasma total homocysteine values ranged from 2.4 to 38.1micromol/L, a skewed, right-tailed distribution. The homocysteine levels of 25th, 50th and 75th percentile were 7.02, 9.61 and 12.4micromol/L, respectively. The mean concentration of plasma total homocysteine was 10.7micromol/L. Plasma total homocysteine level was positively correlated to body mass index, serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and alcohol intake, but negatively correlated to serum bata-carotene concentration. In multivariate analysis, serum triglyceride level was the strongest determinant of plasma total homocysteine concentration. There were no significant differences between two groups in waist to hip ratio, alcohol intake, cigarette use, blood pressure and serum levels of glucose and insulin during OGTT. Hyperhomocysteinemic men had significantly higher mean values of serum triglyceride(258mg/dl), total cholesterol(226mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol(140mg/dl) than normohomocysteinemic men. Hyperhomocysteinemic men showed a decrease in lipid corrected values of serum bata-carotene and alpha-tocopherol and plasma concentrations of serine and taurine, when compared to normohomocysteinemic men. The mean intakes of vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12 and bata-carotene tended to decline by 25-30% in hyper- homocysteinemic group, when compared to normohomocysteinemic group. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that healthy Korean men with hyperhomocys- teinemia show signs of hyperlipidemia and decreased antioxidants nutrients and these factors increase risk for coronary artery disease. In addition, hyperhomocysteinemia may affect amino acid metabolism related to homocysteine.
alpha-Tocopherol ; Antioxidants ; Atherosclerosis ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Folic Acid ; Glucose ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Homocysteine* ; Humans ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; Hyperlipidemias ; Insulin ; Male ; Metabolism ; Multivariate Analysis ; Plasma* ; Reference Values ; Risk Factors* ; Serine ; Taurine ; Tobacco Products ; Triglycerides ; Vitamin B 12 ; Vitamin B 6 ; Waist-Hip Ratio

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index (BMI), metabolic syndrome risk factors, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in male high school students in Korea. Furthermore, the effects of the cardiorespiratory fitness levels on these four factors were examined. METHODS: The level of cardiorespiratory fitness, BMI, percent body fat, waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), HOMA-IR, and hsCRP of 227 male high school students were measured. Analyses of multiple correlation and simple regression were applied. RESULTS: The results showed that the level of cardiorespiratory fitness correlated negatively with BMI, percent body fat, WC, TG, and HDL-C, in addition to HOMA-IR and hsCRP, and strongly influenced BMI, percent body fat, WC, TG, HDL-C, HOMA-IR, and hsCRP. Comparative analysis of our subjects showed that higher cardiorespiratory fitness levels had positive effects on BMI, metabolic syndrome risk factors, HOMA-IR, and hsCRP. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that there are close correlations between cardiorespiratory fitness and BMI, metabolic syndrome risk factors, HOMA-IR, and hsCRP. It also showed that, compared to lower levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, higher levels had beneficial effects on BMI, metabolic syndrome risk factors, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Adipose Tissue ; Adolescent ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Glucose ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Insulin ; Korea ; Male ; Physical Fitness ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides ; Waist Circumference

There are a lot of elements affecting the success of implant prosthesis. The quality of surgical procedure is considered as one of the key factors. To avoid the excess heat generation is an important element of successful osseointegration and it can be achieved by using a gentle surgical technique with a sharp instrument in bone drilling. This study was performed to measure and analyze comparatively the heat transmitted to surrounding bone at a distance of 0.5mm from the periphery of the drill hole in each drilling stage. The results were as follows. In standard system, the temperature of surrounding bone tissue ranged from 29.2degrees Cto 48.3degrees C with irrigation and from 34.6degrees C to 84.3degrees C without irrigation. And in wide system, the temperature of surrounding bone tissue ranged from 29.5degrees C to 52.5degrees C with irrigation and from 34.8degrees C to 87.8degrees C without irrigation. And the temperature ranges exceeded the threshold without irrigation, while showing less than the threshold by the cooling effect of irrigation. In comparing standard system with wide system, although there was no significant difference, 4.3mm pilot and 4.3mm twist drill of wide system showed high value and wide system showed slightly high elevation of temperature in all depth in fixture installation In the finite element analysis, the calculated value by the Fourier's cooling law were applied to the bone drilling surface. And through analysis using different irrigation temperatures at 28degrees C, 15degrees C and 5degrees C, and according to the time. The result was that the cooling water at least below 15degrees C was required to maintain the temperature of surrounding bone less than threshold in bone drilling, the cooling water below 5degrees C was required to gain more sufficient cooling effect, and cooling over 5 seconds was needed after bone drilling for sufficient effect.
Bone and Bones ; Dental Implants* ; Finite Element Analysis ; Hot Temperature* ; Jurisprudence ; Osseointegration ; Prostheses and Implants ; Water

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Child* ; Drug Therapy* ; Graves Disease* ; Humans ; Receptors, Thyrotropin* ; Thyroid Function Tests* ; Thyroid Gland*

No abstract available.
Abortion, Induced* ; Contraception* ; Female

BACKGROUND: Although palmoplantar epidermal cysts have long been associated with develop ment following implantation of an epidermal fragment as a result of a penetrating or blunt injury, the pathogenic mechanism is still not fully understood. Since 1987, many cases have been reported in which human papillomavirus(HPV) could be associated with palmoplantar epidermal cysts. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we evaluated the clinicopathological findings of palmoplantar epidermal cysts and investigated them for the presence of HPV in order to examine the role of HPV in the pathogenesis of this disorder in Korea. METHODS: The clinical, histological, immunohistochemical studies were performed on seven cases of plantar cysts, and two cases of palmar cysts. RESULTS: No previous trauma history was seen. Histopathologically, parakeratotic nuclei, or vacuolar strutures within the keratinous mass in the cyst cavity were found. However, we could not find intracytoplasirnic eosinophilic bodies in the wall, the cyst content, or the overlying epidermis. The dyskeratotic keratinocytes were observed in 3 cases. Papillomavirus common antigens were not detected by immunohissochemical staining. CONCLUSIONS: Palmoplantar epidermal cysts in Korea have some different histological features compared to those of HPV 60-associated cases in Japan and we could not detect the immunohistochemical evidence of HPV infection in our cases.
Eosinophils ; Epidermal Cyst* ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Japan ; Keratinocytes ; Korea ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating

PURPOSE: To describe the emergence of the North Texas Korean American Nurses Society (NTKANS) and to examine its sociocultural contributions to Korean immigrant societies in the U.S. for the last half century. METHODS: The study used retrospective historical analysis to explore the first North Texas Korean immigrant nurses' footsteps. Using Christy's historical research methodology, this study explored themes found in the NTKANS Minutes, the directories, and newspapers, and compared them with historical nursing contexts found in documents, immigrant nurse's pictures, and letters. Interviews with twenty first immigrant Korean nurses, the members, were also used as main data. RESULTS: Since its emergence in 1969, the NTKANS have contributed to local Korean societies through community medical services, financial supports to local Korean associations, local publications, and opening Korean school. In addition, the society has contributed to the other Korean immigrant nursing societies in the U.S. CONCLUSION: The sociocultural contributions NTKANS had made to Korean immigrant societies were not possible without its members' enormous efforts, personal struggles, and altruistic dedications. The trials and tribulations these immigrant nurses have overcome and the achievements they made for last half century would greatly inspire students and nurses in Korea who may seek international leadership and scholarship.
Achievement ; Anniversaries and Special Events ; Asian Americans ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; Financial Support ; Humans ; Korea ; Leadership ; Periodicals ; Research Design ; Retrospective Studies ; Societies, Nursing ; Texas

Locking of the metacarpophalangeal(MP) joint of thumb in mild hyperextension is relatively uncommon problem. The most frequently recognized cause appears that proximal palmar ligament or volar plate were ruptured tranversely with its distal part riding over the volar prominence of the radial condyle of the first metacarpal head. We experienced two cases of locking of the MP joint of the thumb due to volar plate injury. Closed reduction was failed in both cases and open reduction was done by cutting the constricted ligament hundle over the radial condyle of the first metacarpal head. Our description of this mechanism is supported by expeimental evidence that we obtained from the cadeveric specimens. The height of radial side condyle of first metacarpal head is higher than ulna side of that by 1.76mm in both hands of 16 cadeveric specimen. So we are going to report these cases with a review of the literature, and suggest that the preferable location of surgical incision in open reduction is radial side of metacarpal head.
Hand ; Head* ; Joints ; Ligaments ; Metacarpal Bones* ; Metacarpophalangeal Joint* ; Thumb* ; Ulna ; Palmar Plate