No abstract available.
Dysmenorrhea* ; Female ; Humans ; Students, Nursing*

Secondary tumor of the stomach is rare when metastatic involvement is defined as an extragastric tumor invading the muscularis, submucosa or mucosa and the only serosal implant is excluded. Recently, authors experienced a case of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach in the pyloric antrum from the uterine cervix. The patient was a 57-year-old female who received a simplified Wertheim's operation followed by irradiation for squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix in stage IIb, and 2-1/2 years later she presented gastric symptoms, for which subtotal gastrectomy was carried out. The gastric lesion simulated primary adenocarcinoma of Borrmann type III, but differed in the following macroscopic characteristics. Firstly, Bormann classification is not applicable; secondly, mucosal ulcerations appear irregular and multicentric; thirdly, flaskshaped ulceration and broad based penetration are evidet; fourthly, submucosal tumor-growth pattern is conspicuous in bulk of areas; and fifthly, circumferential/semicircumferential growth is manifested. The above features should also be differentiated from those of malignant lymphoma and leiomyosarcoma.
Female ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis

BACKGROUND: Calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)-containing nerve fibers are widely distributed in the skin including the area around hair follicles. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of CGRP on normal hair growth in vitro. METHODS: CGRP was added to isolated anagen hair follicles in Williams' E media or keratinocyte growth media(KGM). Measuring the length of hair follicles and thymidine uptake were used for hair growth parameters. RESULTS: CGRP-treated groups generally showed no significant difference of hair follicle length and thymidine uptake in both media compared to the controls. However, hair follicle length was significantly increased at a high concentration of CGRP in KGM compared to the controls. CONCLUSION: Our study suggested that CGRP may be a promoter of hair follicle growth in vitro.
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide* ; Calcitonin* ; Hair Follicle ; Hair* ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Keratinocytes ; Nerve Fibers ; Skin ; Thymidine

The chrome content of 8 Korean cements and 11 Korean bleaching detrgents was analyzed by the qualitative DPC method and the quantitative atomic absorption spectrophotometry and UV-visible spectrophotometry. In cements, there was no detectable chrome in 1 sample and the range of chrome content in other 7 samples was 1.32 5.29ppm. The qualitative result was welJ. correlated with the quantitative result. In bleaching detergents, there was no detectable chrome in 4 samples and the range of chrome content in other 7 samples was 0.0329 0.362ppm. However, the qualitative result was not correlated with the quantitative result.
Detergents* ; Spectrophotometry ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic

The so-called chondromatous hamartoma of the lung is an uncommon(0.25% of autopsies) benign tumor consisting of mixture of cartilage, fat, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and cleft-like spaces lined by a simple cuboidal or ciliated epithelium.) This lesion is now thought to be a true neoplasm rather than a developmental abnormality as the term originally implied. It is generally agreed that it arises in the connective tissue in relation to bronchial walls. We report an autopsy case of lung hamartoma which is associated with advanced tubular bronchiectasis and diffuse interstitial fibrosis. This single case casts some interesting points about its pathogenesis. The patient was a 47 year old woman and had a 2 cm sized well circumscribed pulmonary mass which was located in the subpleural portion of right upper lobe near the minor fissure. On the basis of observations on the tumor and background lesion, we speculated that the multifocal lesions originating from submucosal immature connective tissue coalesce to become a large single mass. So the tumor possesses entrapped alveoli which exhibit the same changes as those of surrounding parenchyme. We also pressure that the inflammatory change may play a role in the initiation of neoplastic proliferating process in this kind of lesion.
Female ; Humans ; Hamartoma

BACKGROUND: Transepidermal water loss(TEWL) measurement is widely used in monitoring the degree of skin irritation. There have been many reports of site variation of TEWL between different body sites. However, there have been no reports concerning site variation on the different parts of the hand, which is important for the evaluation of hand eczema. OBJECTIVE: This study was done to better understand site variation of TEWL on the hands. METHODS: TEWL measurement has been performed on the mid-forearm and seven different sites of the hands in 20 normal human volunteers using an evaporimeter. RESULTS: A marked site variation has been observed and high values observed on most parts of the hands compared to forearms. CONCLUSION: Site selection should be seriously considered in any kind of study concerning TEWL measurement of hands.
Eczema ; Forearm ; Hand* ; Healthy Volunteers* ; Humans* ; Skin* ; Water*

Observation of hair roots by simple plucking is a comnon methad in trichology. But the plucking method is subject to artificial deformation of hair roots during the procedure and the possibility of the artifact may be greater when hair roots are in pathological state. Treatment of the scalp tissue with 1 M CaC12 permits epidermodermal separation and subsecuent harve.sting of hair follicles without any damage on the structures. To make sure if the possible artificial deformation of the hair roots of plucking method could affect significantly the overall evaluation of the hairs in alopecia areata, authors compared the results of plucking method(total 171 hair roots) with the results of CaCl2 method(total l94 roots) in 15 cases of alopecia areata. The sites of taking hair roots by the two rnethocds were located side by side at the edges of the bald areas. The results were as frllows: 1. The average percentages of actual dystrophic hairs in 15 alopecia areat.a patients are 55% by plucking method and 53% by CaCl2, method, thus showing no significant difference in overall evaluation of the hair roots. 2. The shapes of proximal hair shafts obtained by plucking were similar with the shape obtained by CaCl2 method.
Alopecia Areata* ; Alopecia* ; Artifacts ; Hair Follicle ; Hair* ; Humans ; Scalp

To evaluate the morphogenesis of the human thyroid, a histologic study was made based on 100 normal thyroids of human embryos and fetuses ranging in age from 4 to 42 weeks of gestation. The embryos were serially sectioned and fetuses were examinated as an individual organ. 1) The first sign of thyroid primordium was the spherical proliferation of median ventral pharyngeal wall at the 4th week of development. 2) At the 6th week of gestation, the thyroid differentiated into two lobes that were connected by an isthmus, and was on the way of migration to the definite position from the foramen cecum. 3) The developing thyroid consisted of two cell cords, solid nests or interconnecting complex pattern until 14th week of gestation, when the entire portion of thyroid was replaced by follicles of variable size. 4) At the 9th week, the first follicle was recognizable at the periphery of the gland. 5) At the 14th week, follicles were partly filled with faintly eosinophilic colloid. 6) After the 18th week of gestation, lobulation of the thyroid parenchyme was a prominent feature. 7) After the 24th week, large follicles with rich colloid content are distributed through both superificial and deep portions. And after the 34th week, maturation reached the general pattern of adult thyroid. 8) The ability of thyroglobulin synthesis which was confirmed by PAP method, was first recognized at the 10th week of gestation.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

Squamous cell carcinomas and adenosquamous carcinomas are rarely originated from the stomach, thus the limited and sporadic informations about their clinico-pathologic characteristics as well as histogenesis have been elucidated. Six cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma (3 cases) and adenosquamous carcinoma(3 cases) in the stomach were examined during a period of 4 years from 1981 to 1984. After pertinent review of both clinical data and morphology through extended histotopographic study performed on 4 cases, their clinicopathologic characteristics were described. Male to female sex ratio was 4 : 2 and average age was 58.6 years. Clinical presentations or physical findings were not different from those of adenocarcinoma. Tumor masses of all cases were located in the body or phloric antrum. In all cases except for the early gastric carcinoma, each tumor was larger than 8 cm in long axis, and showed expansile and intraluminal endophytic growing tendencies with sharp margin. Simple Borrmann's macroscopic classification was applicable to none of 6 cases because of irregular and multicentric ulceration pattern and occasional submucosal growth which were reminiscent of those in submucosal tumors such as malignant lymphoma and leiomyosarcoma. Virtually four out of all six cases were diagnosed as submucosal tumor at the time of radiological examination. Microscopically three cases were composed of pure squamous cell carcinoma and remaining three contained both adeno and squamous components. Metastatic regional lymph nodes revealed only squamous element in case of pure squamous cell carcinoam, while both components were identified in adenosquamous carcinomas. Surrounding non-tumors mucosa exhibited moderate to severe degree of intestinal metaplasia accompanied by multifocal mucin pool formation. Growth pattern and surrounding mucosal changes as with older age prevalence of these tumors might express the biological behavior of intestinal type of gastric carcinoma.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis

BACKGROUND: Leukocytes, both polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMNL) and monocytes/macrophages have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the cerebral ischemia and stroke. Neutrophils accumulate in post-hypoxic-ischemic neonatal rat brain prior to the evolution of necrosis and neutrophil depletion attenuates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. However, the mechanisms leading to post-hypoxic-ischemic neutrophil accumulation are unknown yet. We hypothesized that Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 might mediate post-hypoxic-ischemic injury in the immature brain; thus, we evaluated ICAM-1 gene expression in post-hypoxic-ischemic neonatal(postnatal day 7) rat brain. METHODS: Neonatal rats(n=36) underwent right carotid ligation followed by exposure in 8% O2 for 2.5 hours; this procedure typically produces ipsilateral striatal, hippocampal and cortical infarction. Control groups are included by carotid ligation alone, hypoxia alone, and neither hypoxia nor ligation. For RNA extraction, rats were killed 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h post- hypoxia-ischemia and RT-PCR was carried out. RESULTS: ICAM-1 mRNA was barely detected in the controls including normal and sham operated animals. In the cortex, striatum and hippocampus, ICAM-1 mRNA was significantly induced in the ipsilateral(right) side compared to the contralateral(left) side just after hypoxia-ischemia. The elevated ICAM-1 mRNA gradually reached a peak at 4 or 8 h and then decreased to an almost basal level by 24 to 48 h. In contrast, the less pronounced contralateral(left-sided) ICAM-1 mRNA expression appeared to peak earlier, within 2 h post-hypoxia-ischemia. CONCLUSION: The temporal profiles of post-hypoxic-ischemic ICAM-1 mRNA expression are consistent with a role in post-hypoxic-ischemic neutrophil recruitment and in the evolution of subsequent brain injury.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Brain Injuries* ; Brain Ischemia ; Brain* ; Gene Expression ; Hippocampus ; Infarction ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1* ; Leukocytes ; Ligation ; Necrosis ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Neutrophils ; Rats* ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger* ; Stroke