BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of a stroke education program for disease acceptance and knowledge among acute ischemic senior stroke patients.METHODS: This study used a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The study was performed from September 8 to November 2, 2014. The subjects were selected as an experiment group of 28 people and a control group of 28 people from acute ischemic senior stroke patients at D hospital in B metropolitan city. The data were analyzed using χ² test and Mann-Whitney U test using SPSS WIN 19.0 program.RESULTS: 1. Disease acceptance score in the experimental group revealed to be significantly higher(Z=−4.568, p<.001) than that of the control group. Hypothesis 1 was accepted. 2. Knowledge score in the experimental group revealed to be significantly higher(Z=−4.740, p<.001) than that of the control group. Hypothesis 2 was accepted.CONCLUSION: The stroke education program can be used for nursing intervention and evidence-based research hereafter because it has been confirmed that the program develops higher disease acceptance and improves knowledge among acute ischemic senior stroke patients.
Education ; Humans ; Nursing ; Stroke

OBJECTIVES: Although pregnancy in women who are 35 years old or more is considered a high risk pregnancy, it has occurred more frequently in recent years. The aim of our study was to evaluate the course of delivery and perinatal outcomes in women who are 35 years old or more. METHOD: We have compared 765 cases of the elderly gravida over the age of 35 at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mokpo, Catholic Hospital, from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 1999, with 800 cases of randomly chosen young pregnant women during the same period. RESULTS: There were 765 cases of the elderly gravida among total 8285 deliveries and the incidence of the elderly gravida for 3 years was 9.2%. The rate of elderly gravida was increased from 8.2% in 1997 to 10.0% in 1999. 46.9% were in the age group of 35 to 36 years. The incidence of primigravida was 13.9%. 93.6% of total cases was vertex presentation breech presentation was 5.2%, and transverse lie was 1.2%. The percentage of preterm pregnancy was 9.5% in elderly gravida, and 4.0% in control group. post-term pregnancy was 2.0% in elderly gravida, and 1.0% in control group.The rate of cesarean section was 48.8%, compared with 26.7% in the control group. Among the indications of cesarean section, the highest incidence was previous cesarean section (40.0%) and elderly primigravida (18.0%), fetal distress (10.7%), cephalopelvic disproportion (7.5%), and abnormal presentation (6.7%). Concerning the prenatal complications, the incidence of hypertensive disorder was 4.3%, and 2.6% in control group. The incidence of low birth weight and macrosomia were 8.9%, 8.8% in elderly gravida, and 5.5%, and 9.3% in control group. The incidence of IUFD was 3.1% in elderly gravida, and 0.63% in control group. Male-to-female sex ratios were 1.12:1 in elderly gravida, 1:1.16 in elderly primigravida, 1.17:1 in elderly multi gravida, and 1.20:1 in control group. CONCLUSION: The rate of elderly gravida increased in recent years, and the cesarean rate was higher compared with the control group. But there was no difference in perinatal mortality. The reasons for increasing rate of cesarean delivery may be due to physician and patient concern over pregnancy outcome in older women. Therefore it is necessary to exert more attention to pregnancies in those over the age of 35.
Adult ; Aged ; Breech Presentation ; Cephalopelvic Disproportion ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Fetal Distress ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Jeollanam-do ; Obstetrics ; Perinatal Mortality ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy, High-Risk ; Pregnant Women* ; Sex Ratio

The facial flatness was studied by the metric method which involves six measurements of breadth and projection of the midfacial skeleton, the calculation of three indices from the measurements. The indices of the modern Korean adult crania, Korea & Chosun Dynasty crania, the Iron Age Korean crania, and the late Neolithic Korean crania were investigated. The indices were compared to those of other published data on the Korean crania and those of neighboring asian races as well. All indices for facial flatness of Korea & Chosun Dynasty were similar to modern Korean. However, zygomaxillary index was different between modern and late Neolithic crania. The difference of zygomaxillary index was prominent in males than females. The difference of facial flatness between modern and ancient seems to be mainly due to zygomatic breadth. The frontal indices of modern Korean and Korea & Chosun Dynasty crania were relatively low and the simotic indices were relatively high among neighboring asian races. The zygomaxillary index is intermediate. Clustering analysis represented that the flatnesses of the modern Korean crania and Korea & Chosun Dynasty crania were closely related to those of the northern Chinese, modern Japanese, however, somewhat different from that of ancient Korean, Mongol, Siberian etc.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Continental Population Groups ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; Korea ; Male ; Skeleton

The cytokines are the hormone-like proteins, which are produced in the mononuclear cells. They have many roles, such as immune mediators, cell differentiations, angiogenesis. The chemokines have chemotactic effects which control the host immune response. There were few reports about the cytokines associated with musculoskeletal tumors. From late 1980s, the cytokine studies of bone tumors such as osteosarcoma were started, but most studies for benign and malignant musculoskeletal tumors were left to be explored. To evaluate the characteristics of the cytokines in variable musculoskeletal tumors, tissues were obtained from the seven patients who visited the Yeungnam University hospital from February to July 2000. They were lipoma (1 case), parosteal osteoma (1 case), enchondroma (2 cases), pigmented villonodular synovitis (1 case), ganglion (1 case), and metastaic squamous cell carcinoma (1 case). The gene experession of the cytokines were analyzed by RNase protection assay (RPA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The lipoma and parosteal osteoma expressed MIP-1beta, and IP-10 genes. The two enchondromas showed different results, one expressed all of MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta and IP-10 genes but the other expressed none of above. The pigmented villonodular synovitis strongly expressed MIP-1alpha and IP-10 when compared with the other cases. The ganglion did not express all of the chemokines mentioned above. And the metastatic squamous cell carcinoma expressed all of the chemokines and especially IP-10 was highly expressed. Even though this study has only a few cases, these results provide a basis for the cytokine mediating network study in musculoskeletal tumors.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Differentiation ; Chemokine CCL3 ; Chemokine CCL4 ; Chemokines ; Chondroma ; Cytokines ; Ganglion Cysts ; Humans ; Lipoma ; Negotiating ; Osteoma ; Osteosarcoma ; Ribonucleases ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular

The cytokines are the hormone-like proteins, which are produced in the mononuclear cells. They have many roles, such as immune mediators, cell differentiations, angiogenesis. The chemokines have chemotactic effects which control the host immune response. There were few reports about the cytokines associated with musculoskeletal tumors. From late 1980s, the cytokine studies of bone tumors such as osteosarcoma were started, but most studies for benign and malignant musculoskeletal tumors were left to be explored. To evaluate the characteristics of the cytokines in variable musculoskeletal tumors, tissues were obtained from the seven patients who visited the Yeungnam University hospital from February to July 2000. They were lipoma (1 case), parosteal osteoma (1 case), enchondroma (2 cases), pigmented villonodular synovitis (1 case), ganglion (1 case), and metastaic squamous cell carcinoma (1 case). The gene experession of the cytokines were analyzed by RNase protection assay (RPA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The lipoma and parosteal osteoma expressed MIP-1beta, and IP-10 genes. The two enchondromas showed different results, one expressed all of MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta and IP-10 genes but the other expressed none of above. The pigmented villonodular synovitis strongly expressed MIP-1alpha and IP-10 when compared with the other cases. The ganglion did not express all of the chemokines mentioned above. And the metastatic squamous cell carcinoma expressed all of the chemokines and especially IP-10 was highly expressed. Even though this study has only a few cases, these results provide a basis for the cytokine mediating network study in musculoskeletal tumors.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Differentiation ; Chemokine CCL3 ; Chemokine CCL4 ; Chemokines ; Chondroma ; Cytokines ; Ganglion Cysts ; Humans ; Lipoma ; Negotiating ; Osteoma ; Osteosarcoma ; Ribonucleases ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular

To investigate how the beverage consumption of middle school students are different in some respects; favorite kinds, drinking time and so on. 579 middle school students in Jeonju were participated in this study. This study shows the frequency of drinking beverage and the correlation between the frequency and the various factors to have effects on the frequency. The students usually drink water 8.55 times, milk or yogurt 3.01 times, sport beverage 2.13 times, soft drink 1.93 times, and fruit and vegetable juice 1.85 times for one week. The boy students prefer more soft or sport drink to the girl students. However the drinking of other beverages such as water, milk, juice, traditional ones don't have any meaningful differences between the boys and the girls. The students drink water mostly when they have meals. And the second consuming beverage is milk at table. It explains the students who drink more milk than water with bread. There is a big difference according to their excercise frequency. The students who excercise regularly or excercise over 3 hours drink more soft or sport drink and milk or yogurt than the students who exercise less than 1 hour. The beverages are firstly needed during the exercise because they sweat. And the second beverage time is when they have snacks and when they take a break. It should be suggested that nutrition education targeted to middle school students and their parents should encourage limited consumption of soft drinks. Therefore, policies that limit students' access to soft drinks at schools should be promoted.
Beverages* ; Bread ; Carbonated Beverages ; Drinking ; Education ; Female ; Fruit ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Male ; Meals ; Milk ; Parents ; Snacks ; Sports ; Sweat ; Vegetables ; Water ; Yogurt

Dially disulfide (DADS), a component of garlic (Allium sativum), has been known to exert potent chemopreventive activity against various cancers. In this study, the synergistic effect of DADS and daunorubicin on the cytotoxicity of HL-60 cells, a human leukemia cell line, was investigated. DADS at 25 M greatly potentiated daunorubicin-induced cell death, decreasing cell viabilityto50%ofthe control. Daunorubicin-induced apoptosis was accompanied by the activation of caspase-3, the degradation of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and D4-GDI, and DNA fragmentation, which were blocked by pre-treatment with acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp- dialdehyde (Ac-DEVD-CHO). Treatment that combined 25 M DADS and 100 nM daunorubicin caused a similar degree of caspase-3 activation, PARP and D4-GDI degradation, and DNA fragmentation to that caused by treatment with 250 nM daunorubicin alone. These results indicate that combined therapy using daunorubicin with DADS, a component of food, and garlic can effectively decrease the therapeutic dose of daunorubicin, preventing the severe side effects of daunorubicin.
Apoptosis* ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Death ; Cell Line ; Daunorubicin ; DNA Fragmentation ; Garlic ; HL-60 Cells* ; Humans ; Leukemia

The treatment outcomes with conventional second-line chemotherapy or radiotherapy aregenerally very poor for patients with relapsed primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). We treated three relapsed PCNSL patients with high-dose cytarabine plus etoposide (CYVE) chemotherapy, and this was followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). The salvage CYVE chemotherapy consisted of cytarabine 2g/m2/d on days 2 to 5 in a 3-hour infusion and 50mg/m2/d on days 1 to 5 in a 12-hourinfusion, and etoposide 200mg/m2/d on days 2 to 5 in a 2-hour infusion. After two cycles of CYVE chemotherapy, two patients achieved a complete response (CR), and one patient achieved a partial response (PR). All three patients experienced febrile neutropenia and grade 4 thrombocytopenia with the CYVE chemotherapy. However, the hematologic toxicities were well managed without any complications. The conditioning regimen for ASCT consisted of BCNU 300mg/m2 on day -7, etoposide 100mg/m2 on days -6 to -3, cytarabine 100mg/m2 on days -6 to -3, and cyclophosphamide 35mg/kg on days -6 to -3 (BEAC). After ASCT, the patient who initially showed a PR with CYVE chemotherapy then achieved a CR. At the time of this report, one patient remained alive in CR for 41 months after CYVE chemotherapy. The remaining two patients experienced relapse 5 months and 4 months after ASCT, respectively, and they ultimately died of disease progression 18 months and 8 months after ASCT, respectively. In our cases, the CYVE chemotherapy+ASCT was well tolerated, and this induced the complete disappearance of the tumor, and one patient showed prolonged disease-free survival. CYVE chemotherapy+ASCT could be a treatment option for relapsed PCNSL.
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune ; Carmustine ; Cyclophosphamide ; Cytarabine* ; Disease Progression ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Etoposide* ; Febrile Neutropenia ; Humans ; Lymphoma* ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence ; Stem Cell Transplantation* ; Stem Cells* ; Thrombocytopenia ; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

PURPOSE: The underlying cause of myasthenia gravis (MG) is unknown, although it likely involves a genetic component. However, no common genetic variants have been unequivocally linked to autoimmune MG. We sought to identify the genetic variants associated with an increased or decreased risk of developing MG in samples from a Korean Multicenter MG Cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To determine new genetic targets related to autoimmune MG, a whole genome-based single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) analysis was conducted using an Axiom(TM) Genome-Wide ASI 1 Array, comprising 598375 SNPs and samples from 109 MG patients and 150 neurologically normal controls. RESULTS: In total, 641 SNPs from five case-control associations showed p-values of less than 10(-5). From regional analysis, we selected seven candidate genes (RYR3, CACNA1S, SLAMF1, SOX5, FHOD3, GABRB1, and SACS) for further analysis. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that a few genetic polymorphisms, such as in RYR3, CACNA1S, and SLAMF1, might be related to autoimmune MG. Our findings also encourage further studies, particularly confirmatory studies with larger samples, to validate and analyze the association between these SNPs and autoimmune MG.
Antigens, CD/genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Calcium Channels/genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Myasthenia Gravis/*etiology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/genetics

There has been a worldwide pandemic infection of influenza A (H1N1) since June 2009. A 23-year-old female presented with fever and sore throat and was diagnosed as having influenza A (H1N1) infection. After 2 days of illness, she had headache, nausea, and neck stiffness. Cerebrospinal-fluid findings were consistent with viral infection, and brain MRI revealed intense signals in both frontotemporal cortices. During her illness she developed repetitive seizures, which were considered to be status epilepticus.
Brain ; Encephalitis ; Encephalitis, Viral ; Female ; Fever ; Headache ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Nausea ; Neck ; Pandemics ; Pharyngitis ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus ; Young Adult