This study was designed to identify the relationship between perceived social support and discernd powerlessness held by the elderly residing in a rural community. The purpose of this study was to contribute to theoretical understanding of the relationship of these two variables and eventually to the more effective adaptation of the elderly to their situation. The subjects for this study were the 89 elderly residing in a rural community. Data were collected by a questionnaire from June 2 to 20, 1998. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlated coefficient and stepwise multiple regression using a SAS program. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. The relationship between perceived social support and discernd powerlessness was significant(r = -.23502, p=.0266). Especially, discernd elderly's powerlessness shows a highly significant relationship with family and neighborhood support(family r= -.45096, p=.0001, neighborhood r= -.35681, p=.0006). In the support patterns, the discernd powerlessness of the elderly has a significant relationship to emotional, informational and evaluational support. Therefore the hypothesis that, "the lower the degree of social support peiceived by the elderly, the higher the degree of discened powerlessness" was supported. 2. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of discened powerlessness was family support in support system (R2 = .2034), and emotional support (R2 = .0627) in support patterns. 3. General characteristic related to the degree of social support was only residential status(P< .05), but the degree of family support was related to spouse(t=2.390. p<.01). residential status(t= -2.157, p<.05), and household.
Aged* ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Residence Characteristics ; Rural Population*

No abstract available.
Diuresis* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

PURPOSE: This study compared the importance and performance of rehabilitation nursing needs perceived by stroke patients and nurses. METHODS: A total of 275 subjects were divided into two groups. One group was 136 stroke patients and the other was 139 nurses. Data were collected with the Rehabilitation Nursing Service Inventory. The data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: The degree of importance and performance in rehabilitation nursing needs perceived by the stroke patients were 3.69±0.47 and 3.48±0.50, respectively, showing a significant difference (t=21.04, p<.001). The degree of importance and performance perceived by nurses were 3.84±0.42 and 3.60±0.45, respectively, showing a significant difference (t=26.53, p<.001). A significant difference in the degree of importance and performance in rehabilitation nursing needs was also observed between stroke patients and nurses (t=-2.78, p=.006; t=-2.12, p=.035). CONCLUSION: These findings showed that there was a perception gap between stroke patients and nurses. Therefore, it will necessary to identify methods for reducing this perception gap and developing rehabilitation nursing intervention considering the rehabilitation nursing needs of stroke patients.
Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Rehabilitation Nursing* ; Rehabilitation* ; Stroke*

Cognitive impairment associated with childhood-onset epilepsy is an important consequence in the developing brain owing to its negative effects on neurodevelopmental and social outcomes. While the cause of cognitive impairment in epilepsy appears to be multifactorial, epilepsy-related factors such as type of epilepsy and underlying etiology, age at onset, frequency of seizures, duration of epilepsy, and its treatment are considered important. In recent studies, antecedent cognitive impairment before the first recognized seizure and microstructural and functional alteration of the brain at onset of epilepsy suggest the presence of a common neurobiological mechanism between epilepsy and cognitive comorbidity. However, the overall impact of cognitive comorbidity in children with epilepsy and the independent contribution of each of these factors to cognitive impairment have not been clearly delineated. This review article focuses on the significant contributors to cognitive impairment in children with epilepsy.
Brain ; Child ; Cognition ; Comorbidity ; Epilepsy* ; Humans ; Seizures

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among emotional intelligence, empathy and facilitative communication ability of psychiatric nurses. METHODS: Participants were 173 conveniently selected psychiatric nurses from 10 hospitals in Korea. Data were collected from June to September, 2015 through self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS: Facilitative communication ability was significantly different depending on educational level (t=6.06, p=.003). There were significant positive correlations between emotional intelligence and facilitative communication ability (r=.61, p<.001), and also between empathy and facilitative communication ability (r=.63, p<.001). In the multiple regression, except for education level, emotional intelligence (β=.17, p=.003) and empathy (β=.21, p=.000) explained 38.2% of the variance in facilitative communication ability. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that emotional intelligence and empathy are important factors in psychiatric nurses' facilitative communication ability. Accordingly, to improve the facilitative communication ability of psychiatric nurses, educational programs based on development of emotional intelligence and empathy are necessary.
Communication* ; Education ; Emotional Intelligence* ; Empathy* ; Korea

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are ancient, currently inactive, and non-infectious due to recombination, deletions, and mutations in the host genome. However, HERV-derived elements are involved in physiological phenomena including inflammatory response. In recent studies, HERV-derived elements were involved directly in various inflammatory diseases including autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Sjogren’s syndrome. Regarding the involvement of HERV-derived elements in inflammation, two possible mechanisms have been proposed. First, HERV-derived elements cause nonspecific innate immune processes. Second, HERV-derived RNA or proteins might stimulate selective signaling mechanisms. However, it is unknown how silent HERV elements are activated in the inflammatory response and what factors and signaling mechanisms are involved with HERV-derived elements. In this review, we introduce HERV-related autoimmune diseases and propose the possible action mechanisms of HERV-derived elements in the inflammatory response at the molecular level.

: The purpose of this study was to understand the transition experience of nursing students from non-face-to-face classes to face-to-face classes in the COVID-19 situation. Methods : This study was to a qualitative research conducted using focus group interviews. The participants in this study were 11 nursing students at K University in Seoul, and were 4th grade students who experienced non-face-to-face classes, face-to-face classes, and clinical practice from 2020 to 2022, when COVID-19 began. The data collection period is from November 24 to December 7, 2022, and the collected data were analyzed by applying Colaizzi’s method. Results : As a result of the study, 4 categories, 8 theme clusters, and 20 themes were derived. The four categories were ‘starting face-to-face classes in anxiety’, ‘disappointed with half school life’, ‘an arduous effort to restore everyday life’, and ‘pride in being well prepared as a pre-nurse’. Conclusion : This study is meaningful in that it analyzed the difficulties and various experiences of nursing students in the process of transitioning to face-to-face classes, and can be used as basic data to plan learner-centered educational strategies and teaching methods in the post-COVID-19.

Authors report the preliminary result of 86 consecutive femoral head replacements with ceramic head performed at Chonnam University Hospital(73 hips) and Kwangju Christian Hospital(13 hips) during the period of 2 years and 6 months between January 1985 and June 1987. The results were as follows ; l. Eighty-three patients were comprised of 41 men(44 hips) and 42 women(42 hips). 2. Their average age at operation was 62.8 years, the oldest being 86 and the youngest being 24 years and 57 patients(68.7%) of them were over 60 years of age. 3. The causative diseases of the femoral head were hip fracture and its related conditions in 74 hips, and idiopathic avascular necrosis in 12 hips. 4. Associated general diseases, a total of 69 in number, could be diagnosed in 54 patients of them. These included hypertension(18 patients), cardiovascular disease(10 patients), and diabetes mellitus(8 patients). 5. The average diameters of the ceramic head were 49.8 mm in men and 45.1 mm in women. 6. The types of femoral stem were cemented stem(Xenophor 900 stem) in 45 hips and noncemented stem(Autophor 900S stem) in 41 hips. 7. The early postoperative complications, a total of 9 in number, were encountered and these included death in hospital(3 patients), trochanteric fracture(2 patients), pneumonia (1 patient), and others(3 patients). 8. The late postoperative complications, a total of 9 in number, were encountered and these included acetabular erosion(4 hips) and heterotopic ossification(5 hips). 9. Forty-nine hips could be followed more than 1 year with average follow-up of 19.9 months. The hip function of these 49 hips were excellent in 13 hips, good in 24 hips, fair in 8 hips, poor in 3 hips and bad in 1 hip. 10. In conclusion, it can be stated that the femoral head replacement with ceramic head prosthesis is very promising in reducing the incidence of acetabular erosion and maintaining the regained hip function.
Acetabulum ; Ceramics ; Female ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gwangju ; Head ; Hemiarthroplasty ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Necrosis ; Pneumonia ; Postoperative Complications ; Prostheses and Implants

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare motivation for rehabilitation, family support and adherence to rehabilitation and identify factors predicting adherence to rehabilitation between depressive and non-depressive stroke patients. METHODS: Stroke patients admitted to rehabilitation hospitals (n=159) participated in the study. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires including general characteristics, depression, motivation for rehabilitation, family support and adherence to rehabilitation. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, χ² test, Pearson correlation coefficients and logistic regression using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: 62.9% of the subjects were identified as depressive patients. Motivation for rehabilitation (F=48.18, p=.020) and adherence to rehabilitation (F=9.68, p=.002) in depressive stroke patients were significantly lower than non-depressive stroke patients. Family support also in depressive group was lower than non-depressive group but there was no statistical significance (F=2.35, p=.127). Motivation for rehabilitation (OR=11.46), family support (OR=1.05) and onset period (less than 2 year)(OR=3.61) predicted the good adherence to rehabilitation in depressive stroke patients. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that health professionals need to identify factors affecting adherence to rehabilitation and provide a nursing intervention considering the depression especially when caring for stroke patients.
Depression ; Health Occupations ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Motivation* ; Nursing ; Rehabilitation* ; Stroke*

A 9-year-old Korean boy with lissencephaly was found dead at home. He had previously been diagnosed with lissencephaly that presented with infantile spasm on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalogram results. Antemortem chromosomal banding revealed a normal karyotype. A legal autopsy was requested to eliminate the possibility of neglect or abuse by his parents. The autopsy findings revealed type I lissencephaly with the associated microcephaly. No external wounds or decubitus ulcers were noted. Postmortem fluorescence in situ hybridization for the LIS1 locus and nucleotide sequence analysis of the whole coding regions of the LIS1 gene did not reveal any deletions. The antemortem and postmortem findings revealed that lissencephaly syndrome was associated with isolated lissencephaly sequence. External causes of death were excluded by the full autopsy and toxicology test results. Because patients with mental retardation are frequently victimized and suffer neglect or abuse, thorough external and internal examinations should be conducted at the time of autopsy.
Autopsy ; Base Sequence ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Child Abuse ; Classical Lissencephalies and Subcortical Band Heterotopias ; Clinical Coding ; Electroencephalography ; Fluorescence ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Karyotype ; Lissencephaly ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Microcephaly ; Parents ; Pressure Ulcer ; Spasms, Infantile ; Toxicology