BACKGROUND: Through the control of tuberculosis at 22 public health centers under the National Tuberculosis Control Program, this study is purposed to examine the situation of the tuberculous patients and the characteristics of the therapeutic regimens. METHODS: The data was obtained from 8091 medical records of pulmonary tuberculous patients who were registered for treatment at public health center in Seoul during the year of 1993. It was comparatively analysed by the general characteristics(gender, age, chest X-ray findings, sputum results, treatment results, side effects, combined diseases and accompanied extra-pulmonary tuberculosis) according to various regimens of the tuberculosis. RESULTS: The male patients were 5144, the female were 2947. 34.1% of patients were between 21 and 30years of age. Short course regimen was 97.1% and long course regimen was 2.9%. According to chest X-ray findings minimal 53.5%, moderately advanced 41.2%, far advanced 5.3%. Sputum AFB negative was 52.2% and positive was 47.8%. Therapeutic efficiency was high in short course regimen. Among the side effects, dermatologic problems was high and at the regimen of EHRZ side effects were developed highly. Combined diseases were liver diseases(5.2%), DM(4.2%). Accompanied extrapulmonary tuberculosis were pleurisy(5.4% ), superficial lymphadenitis(0.4% ). CONCLUSIONS: There was great effects in the treatment of tuberculosis with short course regimen in the National Tuberculosis Control Program. But only 38% among the expected patients were treated in this country. So the greater efforts were needed to find and treat more patients effectively.
Female ; Humans ; Liver ; Male ; Medical Records ; Public Health* ; Seoul* ; Sputum ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is necessary to reach herd immunity and essential for mitigating the spread of the pandemic. In May 2021, the US FDA and the EU have expanded the emergency use authorization for a COVID-19 vaccine to children aged 12 to 15. The aim of this study was to investigate parental acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination for their children, factors affecting their acceptability, and children's perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines in Republic of Korea. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey at two tertiary hospitals from May 25, 2021 to June 3, 2021. Subjects were parents having children under 18 years and children aged 10–18 years. Results: Two hundred twenty-six parents and 117 children aged 10–18 years were included in the final analysis. Overall, 76.5% and 64.2% of parents intended to get vaccinated against COVID-19 and intended to have their children vaccinated, respectively. However, only 49.6% of children responded that they would get COVID-19 vaccination. In the multivariate analysis, high confidence in the safety of COVID-19 vaccines (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32–24.12), parents' willingness to vaccinate themselves (AOR, 19.42; 95% CI, 6.85–64.00), and awareness of the need to vaccinate children against COVID-19 (AOR, 13.15; 95% CI, 4.77–41.27) were associated with positive factors intention to vaccinate their children. Conclusion This study provides insight into how parents think about the COVID-19 vaccine for their children in South Korea. Our findings could be referenced in establishing a policy for childhood COVID-19 vaccination in the future.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is necessary to reach herd immunity and essential for mitigating the spread of the pandemic. In May 2021, the US FDA and the EU have expanded the emergency use authorization for a COVID-19 vaccine to children aged 12 to 15. The aim of this study was to investigate parental acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination for their children, factors affecting their acceptability, and children's perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines in Republic of Korea. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey at two tertiary hospitals from May 25, 2021 to June 3, 2021. Subjects were parents having children under 18 years and children aged 10–18 years. Results: Two hundred twenty-six parents and 117 children aged 10–18 years were included in the final analysis. Overall, 76.5% and 64.2% of parents intended to get vaccinated against COVID-19 and intended to have their children vaccinated, respectively. However, only 49.6% of children responded that they would get COVID-19 vaccination. In the multivariate analysis, high confidence in the safety of COVID-19 vaccines (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32–24.12), parents' willingness to vaccinate themselves (AOR, 19.42; 95% CI, 6.85–64.00), and awareness of the need to vaccinate children against COVID-19 (AOR, 13.15; 95% CI, 4.77–41.27) were associated with positive factors intention to vaccinate their children. Conclusion This study provides insight into how parents think about the COVID-19 vaccine for their children in South Korea. Our findings could be referenced in establishing a policy for childhood COVID-19 vaccination in the future.

No abstract available.
Humans*

PURPOSE: This research was conducted to determine the effects of fall prevention exercise and education on physical fitness, fall efficacy, and fall prevention behavior among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: This study applied nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected from January 8th to March 4th, 2015. There were 24 subjects in the experimental group and 21 in the control group from two different senior citizen center in B city. The fall prevention program consisted of exercise, education, and telephone coaching was developed using self-efficacy theory: ‘Performance accomplishment’, ‘Vicarious experience’, ‘Verbal persuasion’, ‘Emotional arousal’. Then, it was conducted once a week for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed with χ² test and t-test using the SPSS program. RESULTS: The findings indicated that fall prevention program conducted on older adults is good for improving their muscular strength in lower extremities (t=6.25, p<.001), physical balance (t=2.66, p=.014), physical flexibility (t=2.88, p<.001) and fall prevention behavior (t=6.19, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The fall prevention program can be used for community-dwelling older adults as a nursing intervention that enables older adults to enhance their self-care continuously. It is necessary to conduct a follow-up study to see if a self-help meeting could improve self-efficacy.
Adult* ; Education ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Nursing ; Physical Fitness* ; Pliability ; Self Care ; Telephone

Holt-Oram Syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the association of upper-limb abnormalities and congenital heart disease. A woman with no family history of genetic disease underwent antenatal sonography at 27 weeks' menstrual age to screen for fetal anomalies. Ultrasonography revealed abnormalities in the upper limbs. The limb abnormalities included abscence of bilateral thumbs and radius: the left humus was short. Pregnancy termination was performed. The postnatal chromosomal analysis revealed a normal 46XX karyotype and the autopsy finding confirmed the Holt-Oram syndrome. We report a case of Holt-Oram Syndrome in fetus with unaffected parents with brief of the literatures.
Autopsy ; Extremities ; Female ; Fetus ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Parents* ; Pregnancy ; Radius ; Soil ; Thumb ; Ultrasonography* ; Upper Extremity

Here we report an autopsy case of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with severe hypertriglyceridemia (12,900 mg/dl). A 29-year-old woman with a history of type 1 diabetes was found dead at a motel. There was no injury on external inspection, but a lump of cheese-like material was noted in the heart at autopsy and peripheral blood plasma had a creamy appearance. After postmortem biochemical analysis, we made a diagnosis of DKA with severe hypertriglyceridemia and concluded that these unusual autopsy findings were caused by DKA and postmortem change. Uncontrolled diabetes often causes DKA and hypertriglyceridemia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in Korea of DKA with severe hypertriglyceridemia diagnosed by autopsy.
Adult ; Autopsy* ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Heart* ; Humans ; Hypertriglyceridemia* ; Korea ; Plasma ; Postmortem Changes

Purpose: To report a case of extensive syphilitic punctate inner retinitis (SPIR) triggering bilateral macular ischemia after intravitreal triamcinolone injections, and the multimodal retinal imaging findings.Case summary: A 69-year-old male patient with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy was transferred to our hospital because of bilateral visual deterioration (to counting fingers) after the first intravitreal triamcinolone injection. Fundus examination revealed numerous yellow punctate precipitates in the superficial retinae, retinal arteriolitis, and vitritis. The punctate lesions and surrounding retinal regions showed decreased vascular density on optical coherence tomography angiography, and focal hypofluorescence on fluorescein angiography. The patient was positive for all of the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test, the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test, and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination; we diagnosed bilateral SPIR. After treatment with aqueous crystalline penicillin solutions (24 million units per day for 14 days), the punctate lesions reduced but arteriolitis progressed to obliterative vasculitis. After 6 months, the bilateral SPIR and vitritis resolved, and the bilateral visual acuity improved to 20/100. However, inner retinal and macular ischemia persisted because of capillary nonperfusion attributable to obliterative vasculitis. Conclusions Extensive SPIR can develop after an initial intravitreal steroid injection; the inner retinal ischemia and visual loss may persist after treatment because obliterative vasculitis develops. Therefore, patients scheduled for intravitreal steroid injections should be screened for syphilis infection.

Changes of bone turnover with aging are responsible for bone loss and play a major role in osteoporosis. Among the early postmenopausal women, as are known by previous study, there are about 35% ""fast bone losers and bone turnover is more uncoupled in osteoporotic group than in normal control. So, early detection of such fast losers"" and women who have high turnover rate is important to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis and spontaneous fracture. Dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry (DEXA), however, cannot reflect current bone loss because changes in bone mineral density (BMD) are only seen after 1 or more years of bone densities declining. In this study, we have measured a battery of new sensitive and specific markers of bone turnover which reflect current bone loss. To investigate the changing pattern of those markers, 674 healthy women including 451 postmenopausal women were classified, according to their menopausal period (less than 5 years, 5-10 years, more than 10 years). Bone formation was assessed by serum osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) and bone resorption by the urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline (DPD), cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX). All Biochemical markers, except OC, significantly increased after menopause (p < 0.05). NTX and BSAP remained elevated after 10 years of menopause. These data indicated that the overall rates of both bone formation and bone tesorption increased after menopause and remained high in elderly women.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Aged ; Aging ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Biomarkers ; Bone Density ; Bone Resorption ; Collagen Type I ; Female ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Humans ; Menopause ; Osteocalcin ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal

PURPOSE: A National survey was conducted to assess neonatal intensive care nurses' practice, barriers, knowledge, and belief regarding Kangaroo Care (KC). METHODS: A descriptive survey was conducted. Kangaroo care questionares were sent to nurses in all hospitals in Korea whose were identified as providing neonatal intensive care services(N=263). Descriptive statistics were used to summarized the data. RESULTS: Among 67 neonatal care units, 61.1% adapted KC in their practice. About 60% of nurses in the KC providing hospital actually practiced KC. Major barrier of practicing KC were infant safety concerns, as well as work load of nurses. Respondants who had practiced KC were more knowledgable and were more positive in their belief regarding KC. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that in order to overcome barriers of practicing KC, educational programs are recommended designed for nurses. In addition, development of KC practice guideline is necessary to facilicate successful and safe KC.
Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Kangaroo-Mother Care Method ; Korea ; Macropodidae ; Practice Patterns, Nurses'