PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of self-efficacy and depression on the sense of family coherence in both cancer patients and their caregivers using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) analysis.METHODS: A total of 274 patients were registered in the study, including 137 cancer patients who were undergoing chemotherapy in a day care ward and 137 primary caregivers. The data was collected from December 30, 2017 to July 30, 2018. Data were analyzed by the data analysis method using SPSS/WIN 20.0 (SPSS Korea Data Solution Inc) and AMOS 21.0 (SPSS Korea Data Solution Inc).RESULTS: Self-efficacy of cancer patients had a direct effect on patient depression (β=−.24, p=.008). Self-efficacy of primary caregivers also had a direct effect on patient depression (β=−.51, p < .001). Factors significantly affecting cancer patient FSOC were cancer patient self-efficacy (β=.34, p < .001) and cancer patient depression (β=−.42, p < .001). Factors significantly affecting primary caregiver FSOC (Family Sense of Coherence) were cancer patient self-efficacy (β=.13, p=.026) and caregiver depression (β=−.29, p=.008).CONCLUSION: It is thought that self-efficacy and depression should be controlled to improve the family cohesion of cancer patients and their primary caregivers.
Caregivers ; Day Care, Medical ; Depression ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Korea ; Methods ; Sense of Coherence ; Statistics as Topic

No abstract available.
Drug Eruptions* ; Imatinib Mesylate*

In leprosy, it is generally believed that the defense against Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) is largely dependent on cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and there is an accumulating evidence that the patients with lepromatous leprosy have not only defective CMI specific for M. leprae, but also have generalized impairment of CMI. In contrast, the humoral immune reactivity, both specific and nonspecific, have been found to be normal or slightly increased. Recently, several investigators have enumerated the peripheral blood T and B lympocytes in patients with leprosy; however, there is no agreement as to the results. Furthermore, leprosy has been found to differ in its clinicai manifestations and immunological behaviors in different geographic areas and races. Nevertheless, there is yet no report in Korea concerning the T and B lymphocyte enumeration. The authors considered it is necessary to enumerate the peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes in Korean patients with leprosy to evaluate the immune status and the differences in the immunologic reactivity between the lepromatous and the tuberculoid spectrum of leprosy. (countinued..)
B-Lymphocytes* ; Continental Population Groups ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Korea ; Leprosy* ; Leprosy, Lepromatous ; Lymphocytes ; Mycobacterium leprae ; Research Personnel

No abstract available.
Hand ; Hyperplasia

With the advent of faster scan time and new computer program, a scanning technique called “dynamic computedtomography” has become possible. Dynamic CT consists of performing multiple rappid sequence scans after injectionof contrast material. The authors have evaluated the clinical usefulness of CT and dynamic CT of 93 patients withbrain infarction and/or ischemia during the period of 17 months from April 1983 to Aug. 1983 to Aug. 1984 inDepartment of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Hospital. The results were as follows; 1. The agedistribution ranged from 18 years to 78 years. Among them the most common age group was between 50 years and 59years(40.9%). 2. The sites of brain infarction were cerebral lobes(63 cases,68), basal ganglia(15 cases, 16.1%)and mlultiple sites(6 cases, 6.4%). The common affected site was middle cerebral artery territories. 3. Thecontrast enhancement of acute infarction was noted in 14 cases(17.5%) which occured commonly between 3 days and 2weeks from ictus. 4. The patterns of time-density curve in brain infarction and/or ischemia were as follow: a .Depression of slow wash-in phase was 20 cases(59%). b. Lower peak concentration was 17 cases(50%), c. Lower anddelayed peak concentration was 7 cases(21%), d. No definite peak concentration was 6 cases(18%). First threepatterns of time-density curve were thought as relatively characteristic curve of brain infarction and/orischemia. 5. Two cases that showed negative findings on precontrast CT scan appeared to be positive findings ashypodensity on postcontrast CT scan and were confirmed as brain infarction by dynamic CT. 6. The diagnostic entityof dynamic CT scan were as follows: a. large artery thrombotic infarction were 23 cases (58%). b. lacunarinfarction were 6 cases (15%). c. ischemia were 5 cases (13%), d. normal were 5 cases(13%), In six cases oflacunar infarction which was doubtful hypodensity on pre-and postcontrast CT scan had a marked difference in CT#(HU) on absolute scale graph of dynamic CT, so diagnosis of lacunar infarction could be made easily. 7. Theclinical values of dynamic CT consist in not only diagnosis of lacunar infarction but also evaluation ofeffectiveness of medical or surgical treatment.
Arteries ; Brain Infarction ; Brain ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Infarction ; Ischemia ; Jeollabuk-do ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Stroke, Lacunar ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The purpose of this study was to assess the physical activity level of Korean farmers to establish estimated energy requirements during the off-season. Subjects were 90 healthy males (n = 25) and females (n = 65). Body weight, height and body fat and muscles of subjects were measured. The prevalence of obesity among farmers was 56.7% according to the BMI. The farmers spent about 18 hours 7 minutes (75.5%) in sleeping and resting. The farmers spent about 19 hours 56 minutes (83.1%) out of 24 hours (one day) in "sedentary activities" and spent about 3 hours 56 minutes (16.4%) in "light activities". Physical activity level (PAL, activity coefficient) of female farmers was 1.42 which was not significantly higher than that (1.37) of male farmers. Estimated energy requirements (EER) for farmers who were different in age groups and gender were calculated. For example, the EERs for male and female farmers were 2190 kcal/day and 1712 kcal/day, respectively. The daily energy intakes of male and female farmers were 1803 kcal/day and 1610 kcal/day, respectively. The EER of male farmers was 2190 kcal/day which was significantly higher than that (1803 kcal/day) of the recommended daily energy intake of male farmers. The results of this study suggest that estimated EER of farmers should be modified according to seasonal workload and energy balance of farmers should be evaluated to prevent obesity.
Adipose Tissue ; Body Weight ; Energy Intake ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Muscles ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Seasons

Background: Various oral health management programs in Korea affect the oral health improvement in the elderly Several studies have been conducted to date; however, those studies have not shown uniform results due to the differences in research methods or designs. Hence, this study aimed to review the overall research trends of the reported oral health care programs for the elderly in Korea, verify their effects, and clarify them based on the systematic literature review. Methods: The literature search selected intervention studies that applied the oral health care program for the elderly in Korea from 2001 to 2020. Following the COre, Standard, and Ideal (COSI) models presented by the US National Library of Medicine, we selected databases including Korean studies Information Service System (KISS), ScienceOn, Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), DBpia, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Of the 1,335 studies searched using keywords, titles, and abstracts, 21 were finally selected based on primary and secondary exclusion criteria. Results: The most frequent intervention period was 4 weeks, and the number of interventions varied between 2 and 90 times. As for the type of intervention, 14 studies that conducted both theory and practice were the most frequent. Significant differences in the clinical indicators, such as calculus, halitosis, salivation rate, swallowing function, and dry mouth, were found in most oral health care programs. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, the intervention program needs further verification using multiple indicators in future studies. In addition, a study extending the intervention period and the number of samples is considered necessary for verifying continuous effectiveness of the intervention program.

PURPOSE: A large number of studies have demonstrated that rhinitis and asthma commonly occur together, and that a temporary relationship between the onset of rhinitis and asthma with rhinitis frequently preceding the development of asthma. We studied to know whether there were asthmatic airway inflammations in subjects with allergic rhinitis with bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine who had no asthma symptoms. METHODS: Thirty seven children with an allergic rhinitis who visited the pediatric allergy clinic from January 1998 through June 1999 were enrolled. They were grouped into two groups according to the degree of airway responsiveness to methacholine, and 19 bronchial asthma patients with had no asthma attacks for 2 months were compared as control group.; AR-Mch (+) group (n=19) had a PC20-Methacholine lower than 10 mg/mL: AR-Mch (-) group (n=18) had a PC20-Metacholine greater than 10 mg/mL. The relationship of PEFR variability, sputum eosinophils, and nasal eosinophils with bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in each groups was compared. RESULTS: 1) The PC20-Methacholine was 5.7+/-3.5 mg/mL in the AR-Mch (+) Group, 1.9+/-2.7 mg/mL in the BA Group. 2) Sputum eosinophil was 14+/-6.9% in the AR-Mch (+) Group, 8.1+/-5.2% in the AR-Mch (-) Group, 29.6+/-16.9% in the BA Group, and sputum eosinophils of the AR-Mch (+) Group was higher than that of the AR-Mch (-) Group. 3) PEFR dinural variation was 7.0+/-2.6% in the AR-Mch (+) Group, 5.0+/-2.9% in the AR-Mch (-) Group, 14.0+/-6.0% in the BA Group, and PEFR dinural variation in AR-Mch (+) Group was higher than that of the AR-Mch (-) Group. 4) The PC20-Methacholine was not correlated with PEFR dinural variation in both the AR-Mch (+) Group and the BA Group. 5) The PC20-Methacholine was correlated with sputum eosinophils only in the BA Group. 6) Nasal eosinophils were not correlated with sputum eosinophils in the AR-Mch (+) and the BA Group. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that patients with allergic rhinitis who had bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine might have eosinophilic inflammation in the lower airway and increased dinural PEFR. Further studies are necessary to evaluate whether asthma symptoms will be developed in these allergic rhinitis children.
Asthma ; Child* ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; Methacholine Chloride ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ; Rhinitis* ; Sputum*

BACKGOUND: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-alpha) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of kidney diseases. However, TGF-alpha is secreted in a latent form requiring extracellular modification to become biologically active. Recently, the activity of TGF-alpha has been assessed by the measurement betaig-h3, a novel TGF-alpha induced gene product. Thus we evaluated the pattern of urinary betaig-h3 expression in various glomerular diseases. METHODS: 64 patients with biopsy-proven primary glomerulonephritis (FSGS 6, HSPN 16, IgAN 20, MPGN I 7, and MesPGN 15), 10 patients with nephrotic syndrome and 12 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. A total 86 subjects (51 males, 59.3% and 35 females, 40.7%, mean age 13.9+/-4.28 years) constituted study population. First morning urine were collected and betaig-h3 in the urine was determined by indirect competitive ELISA (Regen Biotech Inc, Seoul, Korea). RESULTS: betaig-h3 excretion was significantly higher in the urine from patients with HSPN (27.5+/-6.46, p=0.002), with IgAN (40.83+/-12.27, p=0.026), with MPGN I (21.64+/-7.29, p=0.042), MesPGN (26.42+/-6.68, p=0.007). In patients with FSGS (21.65+/-17.12) and minimal change nephrotic syndrome (6.26+/-2.18), mean urinary betaig-h3 excretion was not significant higher than that in control group (3.56+/-0.78). CONCLUSION: Urinary betaig-h3 excretion was high in proliferative renal diseases. However, betaig-h3 excretion was not high in non-proliferative renal diseases.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; Male ; Nephrosis, Lipoid ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Seoul ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha

PURPOSE: After discharge from the hospital, very low birth weight infants require care consultation, information, and interaction and so forth, due to sequelae, different growth and developmental pattern; which increase the burdens and the worries of patients in nurturing them. With the counseling of experts in the related fields, the authors and the Food for the Hungry have run a department of childcare for a year, emphasizing on more family support than extreme early detection of disabilities. This study reports on relieving child care anxiety, promoting growth and development, educating parents on home treatment of sequelae, finding and coping with minor disabilities. METHODS: The subjects were chosen among infants under 1,500 g of birth weight and younger than a corrected age of 6 months. Meetings were held once in a month for a year. Infant care support classes were taught by experts in their fields including a music therapist (with play program), neonatologist, a children's nurse, a child-care director, a clinical psychologist, a rehabilitation therapist, a social worker and, a nutritionist. Within the self-dependent groups, the families were able to share their concerns and experiences on child-caring. Second home visits were carried out to monitor home oxygen therapy, tube feeding, cerebral palsy signs, and to find neglect or abuse in suspected cases. RESULTS: Fifty-one infants participated; the average weight was 1,060 g, the average gestational age was 27 weeks and 2 days. Eighteen were boys and 23 girls. The average age of the mothers was 33.4, and there were 26 appropriate for gestational age, 8 small for gestational age, and, 5 large for gestational age. Twenty three were first-born, 13 were second-born, 1 was third-born, and twins were 4 pairs. Home visits were done in 33 families, and secondary visits were done in 6 families. The depression score of mothers in the attendant group decreased from 10.47+/-5.18 to 8.18+/-5.87 (P=0.080). CONCLUSION: The depression score of mothers in the attendant group decreased after infant care support classes.
Anxiety ; Birth Weight ; Cerebral Palsy ; Child ; Child Care ; Counseling ; Depression ; Enteral Nutrition ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Gestational Age ; Growth and Development ; House Calls ; Humans ; Infant Care ; Infant* ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Mothers ; Music ; Nutritionists ; Oxygen ; Parents ; Psychology ; Rehabilitation ; Social Workers ; Twins