PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to identify and explain the essences and structures of maternal conflicts in Vietnamese married immigrant women in Korea. METHODS: A phenomenological methodology was used for the study. Eleven Vietnamese married immigrant women participated in the study. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. RESULTS: Four categories, 10 clusters and 26 themes emerged from the data for the experience in maternal conflicts of Vietnamese married immigrant women. The four categories were 'An unprepared young motherhood in another culture', 'Feeling left out of the mother's place along the bands of Nap tai tradition', 'My image is like not-being able to stand alone/be independent' and 'Finding hope in motherhood despite of conflicts and stigmas'. CONCLUSION: Vietnamese married immigrant women experienced not only the negative aspects but also sublimation of maternal conflicts. Based on the results, health professionals need to develop effective nursing interventions toward a positive maternal identity and approach with interculturalism for the Vietnamese married immigrant women in Korea.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Communication Barriers ; Emigrants and Immigrants/*psychology ; Family/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Marriage ; Maternal Behavior/*psychology ; Pregnancy ; Quality of Life ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Vietnam

Four cases of incontinentia pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger type) in a mother and three her daughter were presented and literatures were reviewed. In all three daughters vesicles appeared on toes at three weeks after birth and ehanged to pigmented patches surrounded by erythematous verrucous margin, which were then gradually spread to whole body. Pigmentation is dirty, irregular and bizarr. Severe itching sensation was complained and vesicles or bulla were formed easily due to scratching and external trauma. In mother, onset of the disease was not clear but generalized dirty pigmentation is showed. Dentition was delayed in 3rd daughter (Dental eruption was begun at 10 month old and 11 teeth was showed at now, 2 year old). Histopathological findings are compatible with incontinentia pigmenti and epidermo-dermaI separation is observed in a experimentally induced bullae, indicating a characterized epidermolysis bullosa. Strict limitation in the occurence of disease in females of one family, accompanying with epidermolysis bullosa simplex is unusual and interesting in genetical aspects and pathogenesis.
Dentition ; Epidermolysis Bullosa ; Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex ; Female ; Humans ; Incontinentia Pigmenti* ; Infant ; Mothers ; Nuclear Family ; Parturition ; Pigmentation ; Pruritus ; Sensation ; Toes ; Tooth

PURPOSE: To evaluate protective mechanism of melatonin against radiation damage and its relationship with apoptosis in mouse jejunum. MATERIALS AND METHODS:' 168 mice were divided into 28 groups according to radiation dose and melatonin treatment. To analysis crypt survival, microcolony survival assay was done according to Withers an (l Elkind's method. To analysis apoptosis, TUNEL assay was done according to Labet-Moleur's method. RESULTS: Radiation protection effect of melatonin was demonstrated by crypt survival assay and its effect was stronger in high radiation dose area. Apoptosis index with 8 Gy irradiation was 18.4% in control group and 16.5% in melatonin treated group. After 18 Gy, apoptosis index was 17.2% in control group and 15.4% in melatonin treated group. Apoptosis index did not show statistically significant difference between melatonin treated group and control group. CONCLUSION: Melatonin shows clear protective effect in mouse jejunum against radiation damage but it.', protective effect seems not to be related with apoptosis protection effect.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Cell Survival* ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Jejunum ; Melatonin* ; Mice* ; Radiation Protection

A clear cell islet cell tumor of the pancreas is extremely rare and characterized by extensive clear cell components. Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical findings are essential to prove that the mass with clear cells is an unusual manifestation of an islet cell tumor. Herein, we report a case of clear cell islet cell tumor of a 54-year-old woman with abdominal pain. The tumor was composed of polygonal clear cells arranged in nests, trabeculae, and ribbon pattern with the extensively fibrous stroma. These tumor cells showed strong reactivity for chromogranin and weak reactivity for somatostatin and glucagon. An electron microscope revealed that the important contributing factor of the clear cytoplasmic change was mainly due to an accumulation of lipid droplets, coupled with cytoplasmic swelling in some areas. Some tumor cells showed many endosecretory granules ranging from 111 to 297nm in diameter. In the clinical and immunohistochemical findings these granules were consistent with somatostatin granules in morphology and size.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenoma, Islet Cell* ; Cellular Structures ; Cytoplasm ; Female ; Glucagon ; Humans ; Islets of Langerhans* ; Middle Aged ; Pancreas* ; Somatostatin

A clear cell islet cell tumor of the pancreas is extremely rare and characterized by extensive clear cell components. Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical findings are essential to prove that the mass with clear cells is an unusual manifestation of an islet cell tumor. Herein, we report a case of clear cell islet cell tumor of a 54-year-old woman with abdominal pain. The tumor was composed of polygonal clear cells arranged in nests, trabeculae, and ribbon pattern with the extensively fibrous stroma. These tumor cells showed strong reactivity for chromogranin and weak reactivity for somatostatin and glucagon. An electron microscope revealed that the important contributing factor of the clear cytoplasmic change was mainly due to an accumulation of lipid droplets, coupled with cytoplasmic swelling in some areas. Some tumor cells showed many endosecretory granules ranging from 111 to 297nm in diameter. In the clinical and immunohistochemical findings these granules were consistent with somatostatin granules in morphology and size.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenoma, Islet Cell* ; Cellular Structures ; Cytoplasm ; Female ; Glucagon ; Humans ; Islets of Langerhans* ; Middle Aged ; Pancreas* ; Somatostatin

Anal duct carcinoma is a rare tumor, and accounts for less than 5 percent of all anal cancers, which typically present a long-standing perianal fistulas. Some authors suggest that the fistulous tracts are congenital duplications of the lower end of the hind gut lined by rectal mucosa which is prone to malignant change to mucinous adenocarcinoma. It is usually a well differentiated mucinous (colloid) adenocarcinoma. The prognosis after wide excision of the rectum is relatively good. Since 1985, we have had three cases of anal duct carcinoma with well differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma involving the posterior wall of the anus. Two patients had a long history of perianal fistula with mucinous discharge. There was no spread to the regional lymph node except one patient who had regional lymph node metastasis, and post-operative chemotherapy and radiation therapy were then given. All patients have no evidence of any recurrent problem at 16 months to 3 years following the surgical treatment. Because of their rarity and the failure of recognition at an early stage, we are presenting three cases to emphasize the characteristic features of this insidious, slow-growing carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among emotional intelligence, empathy and facilitative communication ability of psychiatric nurses. METHODS: Participants were 173 conveniently selected psychiatric nurses from 10 hospitals in Korea. Data were collected from June to September, 2015 through self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS: Facilitative communication ability was significantly different depending on educational level (t=6.06, p=.003). There were significant positive correlations between emotional intelligence and facilitative communication ability (r=.61, p<.001), and also between empathy and facilitative communication ability (r=.63, p<.001). In the multiple regression, except for education level, emotional intelligence (β=.17, p=.003) and empathy (β=.21, p=.000) explained 38.2% of the variance in facilitative communication ability. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that emotional intelligence and empathy are important factors in psychiatric nurses' facilitative communication ability. Accordingly, to improve the facilitative communication ability of psychiatric nurses, educational programs based on development of emotional intelligence and empathy are necessary.
Communication* ; Education ; Emotional Intelligence* ; Empathy* ; Korea

Localized enterocolic lymphocytic phlebitis is characterized by selective phlebitis involving the small to medium-sized veins and venules, infiltration exclusively by lymphocytes, and no other systemic vasculitis or inflammatory bowel disease. This vasculitis can be a rare cause of intestinal ischemia. We experienced a case of enterocolic lymphocytic phlebitis in a 72-year-old woman, who presented with abdominal pain and distension. The resected colon and terminal ileum showed striking lymphocytic phlebitis affecting the veins and venules of the bowel and mesentery which resulted in ischemic injury of the bowel. This vasculopathy was the only demonstrable cause of ischemia. Arteritis and arteriolitis was not found. There is no clinical or laboratory evidence or a history of extraintestinal vasculitis. The etiology of this clinicopathological entity has not been elucidated. Herein, we report the clinicopathological findings in this patient who presented with ischemic intestinal necrosis caused by localized intestinal lymphocytic phlebitis associated with thrombosis.
Female ; Humans

Background: Students in the department of dental hygiene are exposed to injections and sharp instruments during clinical practice. Therefore, it is necessary to develop measures for a safe practice environment. This study aimed to investigate dental stabbing accidents caused by dental instruments during clinical practice among students in the department of dental hygiene and suggest appropriate preventative measures. Methods: This study was conducted from May 1 to June 30, 2016, with students in the department of dental hygiene located at several universities in Seoul and Gyeonggi area. The study included 339 participants. A frequency analysis was performed to determine the general characteristics of dental infection control. A cross-analysis was conducted to identify the relationship between dental infection control education, stabbing accident prevention education, and treatment after stabbing accidents with a dental instrument. Results: Among the participants, 81.1% received dental infection control education and 66.4% received stabbing accident prevention education. Only 50.9% received hepatitis B vaccinations. Conclusion Dental infection control education and stabbing accident prevention education were shown to be effective in preventing dental instrument stabbing in students. However, post-accident processing, such as reporting to upper management and medical treatment after the accident, was insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to present a treatment flowchart for dealing with stab accidents in clinical practice for students in the department of dental hygiene and strengthen education.

Background: Proper detection and management of dental plaque are essential for individual oral health. We aimed to evaluatethe maturation level of dental plaque using a two-tone disclosing agent and to compare it with the fluorescence of dental plaque on the quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) image to obtain primary data for the development of a new dental plaque scoring system. Methods: Twenty-eight subjects who consented to participate after understanding the purpose of the study were screened. Theimages of the anterior teeth were obtained using the QLF device. Subsequently, dental plaque was stained with a two-tone disclosing solution and a photograph was obtained with a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera. The staining scores were assigned as follows: 0 for no staining, 1 for pink staining, and 2 for blue staining. The marked points on the DSLR images were selected for RGB color analysis. The relationship between dental plaque maturation and the red/green (R/G) ratio was evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation. Additionally, different red fluorescence values according to dental plaque accumulation were assessed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Scheffe’s post-hoc test to identify statistically significant differences between the groups. Results: A comparison of the intensity of red fluorescence according to the maturation of the two-tone stained dental plaque confirmed that R/G ratio was higher in the QLF images with dental plaque maturation (p＜0.001). Correlation analysis between the stained dental plaque and the red fluorescence intensity in the QLF image confirmed an excellent positive correlation (p＜0.001). Conclusion: A new plaque scoring system can be developed based on the results of the present study. In addition, these study results may also help in dental plaque management in the clinical setting.