We compared the performance of three screening kits for the detection of anti-HIV in 187 samples; Enzygnost Anti-HIV 1/2 Plus, ABBOTT TESTPACK HIV- 1/HIV-2 & SERODIA. HIV- 1/2. Four samples, 3 serums and 1 CSF, from 2 patients were repeatedly reactive in all three screening kits and 2 serum specimens were confirmed positive(HIV-1) by the western blot assay. The sensitivity and specificity of all three screening kits were 100% and 98.9%, respectively. In Korea, the cause of AIDS is mostly HIV-1 and the prevalence is very low. So, all three screening kits were useful for the detection of anti-HIV from patients and blood donors. But the use of screening kit for the detection of anti-HIV-1, anti-HIV-2 and anti-HIV-I subtype O will be needed for the decrement of false negative rate because HIV infection has been increased, especially, HIV-2 infection and pediatric AIDS patient by vertical transmission were also reported, currently.
Antibodies* ; Blood Donors ; Blotting, Western ; HIV Infections ; HIV* ; HIV-1 ; HIV-2 ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening* ; Prevalence ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Primary small cell carcinoma of the salivary gland is a rare neoplasm that accounts for approximately 1.8% of all primary major salivary gland malignancies. Because of its rarity, it is difficult to diagnose small cell carcinoma of the parotid gland by fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC). We experienced a case of primary small cell carcinoma of the parotid gland in a 72-year-old woman who presented with two palpable masses of the left infraauricular and ocular regions of two to three month's duration, respectively. Aspirate smears from the left infraauricular area were highly cellular on necrotic and lymphocytic background and showed individually dispersed cells or three-dimensional clusters of small cells. The tumor cells were round to oval with a very high nucleocytoplasmic ratio. Nuclei were about two times the size of lymphocytes and had uniformly dispersed but hyperchromatic to pyknotic chromatin. Nucleoli were occasionally visible but were generally inconspicuous. Numerous mitotic figures were detected. The clusters of these small tumor cells exhibited angular nuclear molding, irregular nuclear outlines, and occasionally rosette like arrangement. The tumor was confirmed by histology and immunohistochemistry.
Aged ; Animals ; Benzodiazepines* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Chromatin ; Female ; Fungi ; Humans ; Immobilization* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphocytes ; Parotid Gland ; Rats* ; Receptors, GABA-A* ; Salivary Glands ; Thyroid Gland

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Hand* ; Surgical Flaps*

Anal duct carcinoma is a rare tumor, and accounts for less than 5 percent of all anal cancers, which typically present a long-standing perianal fistulas. Some authors suggest that the fistulous tracts are congenital duplications of the lower end of the hind gut lined by rectal mucosa which is prone to malignant change to mucinous adenocarcinoma. It is usually a well differentiated mucinous (colloid) adenocarcinoma. The prognosis after wide excision of the rectum is relatively good. Since 1985, we have had three cases of anal duct carcinoma with well differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma involving the posterior wall of the anus. Two patients had a long history of perianal fistula with mucinous discharge. There was no spread to the regional lymph node except one patient who had regional lymph node metastasis, and post-operative chemotherapy and radiation therapy were then given. All patients have no evidence of any recurrent problem at 16 months to 3 years following the surgical treatment. Because of their rarity and the failure of recognition at an early stage, we are presenting three cases to emphasize the characteristic features of this insidious, slow-growing carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma

A clear cell islet cell tumor of the pancreas is extremely rare and characterized by extensive clear cell components. Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical findings are essential to prove that the mass with clear cells is an unusual manifestation of an islet cell tumor. Herein, we report a case of clear cell islet cell tumor of a 54-year-old woman with abdominal pain. The tumor was composed of polygonal clear cells arranged in nests, trabeculae, and ribbon pattern with the extensively fibrous stroma. These tumor cells showed strong reactivity for chromogranin and weak reactivity for somatostatin and glucagon. An electron microscope revealed that the important contributing factor of the clear cytoplasmic change was mainly due to an accumulation of lipid droplets, coupled with cytoplasmic swelling in some areas. Some tumor cells showed many endosecretory granules ranging from 111 to 297nm in diameter. In the clinical and immunohistochemical findings these granules were consistent with somatostatin granules in morphology and size.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenoma, Islet Cell* ; Cellular Structures ; Cytoplasm ; Female ; Glucagon ; Humans ; Islets of Langerhans* ; Middle Aged ; Pancreas* ; Somatostatin

A clear cell islet cell tumor of the pancreas is extremely rare and characterized by extensive clear cell components. Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical findings are essential to prove that the mass with clear cells is an unusual manifestation of an islet cell tumor. Herein, we report a case of clear cell islet cell tumor of a 54-year-old woman with abdominal pain. The tumor was composed of polygonal clear cells arranged in nests, trabeculae, and ribbon pattern with the extensively fibrous stroma. These tumor cells showed strong reactivity for chromogranin and weak reactivity for somatostatin and glucagon. An electron microscope revealed that the important contributing factor of the clear cytoplasmic change was mainly due to an accumulation of lipid droplets, coupled with cytoplasmic swelling in some areas. Some tumor cells showed many endosecretory granules ranging from 111 to 297nm in diameter. In the clinical and immunohistochemical findings these granules were consistent with somatostatin granules in morphology and size.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenoma, Islet Cell* ; Cellular Structures ; Cytoplasm ; Female ; Glucagon ; Humans ; Islets of Langerhans* ; Middle Aged ; Pancreas* ; Somatostatin

The authors carriod out lumbodorsal fasciotomy on six cases of paralytic scoliosis with pelvic obliquity. In our experience, in those older children and adolescents with paralysis in whom scoliotic curve is not severe and is more or less static, correction and maintenance of the correction can be achieved by lumbodorsal fasciotomy without resorting to spine fusion. While it is a common practice to leave a mild and static curve uncorrected, even a mild degree of scoliosis, when associated with pelvic obliquity, abduction contracture of the hip, instability of the other hip and leg length discrepancy, is a major problem in paralytic patients. Initial results indicate that lumbodorsal fasciotomy, combined with contralateral Soutters or Campbells fasciotomy if necessary, is a simple and effective method in correcting these deformities and restoring balance and function.
Adolescent ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture ; Health Resorts ; Hip ; Humans ; Leg ; Methods ; Paralysis ; Scoliosis ; Spine

If the centric prematurity occurs after orthodontic treatment, it creates centric slide regarded as a possible factor in the cause of temporomandibular disorder and/or postorthodontic relapse. The purpose of this study was to investigate the manner of centric prematurity and centric slide in postorthodontic patients. The 36 orthodontic patients who had been treated with edgewise appliance at least 3 months previously were used in this study. After recording centric relation by the leaf gauge technique, the centric prematurity and centric slide were studied using SAM2 articulator and mandibular position indicator. The results were as follows: 1. The highest percentage of centric prematurities were found on the second molars. 2. The buceal incline of the palatal cusp was the most frequent area of centric prematurities in the maxilla, while the lingual incline of the buccal cusp was the most frequent area in the mandible. 3. There were no trends in the direction of centric slide on the mandibular position indicator. 4. There were no significant differences in centric discrepancies between the premolar extraction and nonextraction group.
Bicuspid ; Centric Relation ; Dental Articulators ; Humans ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Recurrence ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) with motor and nonmotor symptoms. Defective mitochondrial function and increased oxidative stress (OS) have been demonstrated as having an important role in PD pathogenesis, although the underlying mechanism is not clear. The etiopathogenesis of sporadic PD is complex with variable contributions of environmental factors and genetic susceptibility. Both these factors influence various mitochondrial aspects, including their life cycle, bioenergetic capacity, quality control, dynamic changes of morphology and connectivity (fusion, fission), subcellular distribution (transport), and the regulation of cell death pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction has mainly been reported in various non-dopaminergic cells and tissue samples from human patients as well as transgenic mouse and fruit fly models of PD. Thus, the mitochondria represent a highly promising target for the development of PD biomarkers. However, the limited amount of dopaminergic neurons prevented investigation of their detailed study. For the first time, we established human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-immortalized wild type, idiopathic and Parkin deficient mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from the adipose tissues of PD patients, which could be used as a good cellular model to evaluate mitochondrial dysfunction for the better understanding of PD pathology and for the development of early diagnostic markers and effective therapy targets of PD. In this review, we examine evidence for the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and increased OS in the neuronal loss that leads to PD and discuss how this knowledge further improve the treatment for patients with PD.
Animals ; Cell Death ; Diptera ; Dopaminergic Neurons ; Energy Metabolism ; Fruit ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Life Cycle Stages ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitochondria ; Neurons ; Oxidative Stress ; Parkinson Disease* ; Pathology ; Quality Control ; Substantia Nigra ; Telomerase ; Biomarkers